I-Biograge
Umlobi odumile waseMelika uJerome Davider Salinger waba ngomunye wababhali abanethonya elikhulu lekhulu lama-20. Inoveli yombhali yaba yinoveli yombhali "ngaphezulu kwalasha weRye". Ngokuqondene namavolumu, umnikelo ezincwadini ngeke akwazi ukubizwa okukhulu, kepha bambalwa ababhali abangafakwa esiteshini esisodwa naye.Ubuntwana nentsha
UJerome David Sallinger wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1, 1919 edolobheni laseNew York. Ubaba womfana, uSolomoni uSalllinger, ngobuzwe kwakungumJuda wemvelaphi yaseLithuania, eyayihlanganyela ekuhwebeni okuphelele nosheri. Umama uMiriyam, owayebizwa igama likaMariya Gillik emshadweni, owayenemvelaphi yase-Ireland, amukele ubuJuda. Emndenini, ngaphandle kukaJerome, udadewabo omdala uDoris. Umehluko phakathi kwezingane iminyaka eyi-8 nezinyanga ezi-2.
Ubaba wafuna ukukhulisa indodana yakhe kumuntu ofundile. Ngo-1936, le nsizwa iphothule esikoleni samasosha edolobheni laseValley Fortj. Ukudonswa kwakhe kwenzeka ezincwadini: UJerome wabhala ezindlini ezi-3 ze-Stanzes yengoma yesikole, esagcwaliseka.
Ehlobo lika-1937, uSalllinger ulalele izinkulumo e-New York University, kwathi ngemuva konyaka wayesePoland, lapho edolobheni laseBydGoszcz lapho kufundwa khona uBaba. Ebuya ekhaya, waya ezinkulumweni e-Ursinus College, ePennsylvania, kwathi ngo-1939 wangena enyuvesi yaseColombia, lapho alalela khona inkambo yezinkulumo emlandweni omfushane, wafunda uW. Bernett.
Ngenxa yalokho, uDavide akazange aqede noma yisiphi isikhungo semfundo futhi akazange abonise izifiso zomsebenzi. Ngalesi, wabangela ukunganeliseki kukababa, kwavela nobani kuze kube phakade.
Entwasahlobo yango-1942, uJerome wabiza ibutho, lapho aphothula khona e-Officer-Sergeant School of Troops zokuxhumana. Ngonyaka olandelayo, isihloko sikaSergeant sadluliselwa endodeni e-Agrintalligence futhi sathumela uNashville edolobheni laseNashville.
Ukudala
Abalingiswa abaphambili iningi lemisebenzi ye-salinger yizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-17. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi kungabizwa ngokuthi umlobi "wezingane". Emsebenzini, umlobi uphakamisa ingqikithi yokuphikisana nengane esencane nezwe elizungezile. Amaqhawe emisebenzi afaka ubukhona obungatholi imingcele ethile.
Indaba ye-rusut "abantu abasha" ngo-1940 bashicilela umagazini i-stoti. Ngokuqondene nodumo lokuqala olubi, weza ngemuva kokushicilelwa ngokuthi "izinhlanzi-bananka", ezichaza usuku lweSimra Glass kanye nomlingani wakhe.
Eminyakeni engu-11 ngemuva kokushicilelwa komsebenzi wokuqala, ngoJulayi 16, 1951, kwanyatheliswa okuwukuphela kwenoveli "ngaphezulu kwalasha weRye", umbhali wasebenza kule ndaba iminyaka eyi-10.
Abagxeki bemibhalo ngaleso sikhathi bavuma inoveli, abanakho ukulahlekelwa ukuthandwa. Noma kunjalo, le ncwadi yayivinjelwe kwamanye amazwe kanye nezifundazwe zase-United States ngenxa yokucindezelwa kanye nesilulumagama esikhulu.
Ngokukhishwa kwenoveli ezincwadini ezahlukahlukene ezishicilelwe imisebenzi engama-26 kaJerome, kufaka nenoveli engu-7 kwezingu-9. Ngo-1953, benza ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukile okubizwa ngokuthi "Indaba Eyisishiyagalolunye". Kuma-60s, umsebenzi we- "Franni kanye noZui" kanye "nezempisi ezingenhla, ababazi" bayaphuma.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1942, uJerome waqala ukuhlangana noYaani, indodakazi yomdlandla kaYujina O'Neill. Kepha ngokushesha wajwayelana noCharlie Chaplin futhi ngemuva kwalokho washada naye.
Umfazi wokuqala kaSallinger waba isiJalimane Silvia Weltter. Waqala wabopha amaNazi, wabe esemthatha. Ngokubambisana babuyela eMelika, lapho babehlala khona isikhashana endlini yabazali bakwaJerome. Kepha umshado waphenduka waba isikhashana - ngaphandle kweminyaka, lo mbhangqwana wahlukana.
Ngokusho kwendodakazi kaSallinger, isizathu sekhefu kwakuwukungahambelani kwemibono: Kamuva umbhali weza negama lesidlaliso elidelelayo "uSalva" wentombazane, "amathe" ahumusha ngesiNgisi.
Umfazi wesibili wombhali waba ngumfundi uClaire Douglas, indodakazi yokugxeka kwezobuciko uRobert Langton Douglas. Lo mhlangano wenzeka ngo-1950, ngaleso sikhathi uClaire wayeneminyaka engu-16 ubudala, futhi umbhali uneminyaka engama-31. Intombazane evela emndenini ohlonishwayo waseBrithani yadlula e-Atlantic kude nempi.
Eminye imithombo ithi umlobi wehliswa nguClaire osemusha, kepha lokhu akunambile impela. Ngaleso sikhathi, uJerome wathuthuka ngokomoya futhi wenqaba ukusondela okusondelene. Umeluleki wakhe kwakunguGuru waseNdiya, futhi imikhuba yaboniswa emisebenzini yombhali.
UClaire noJerome bashada ngo-1955, indodakazi kaMargaret nendodana uMathewu azalelwa emndenini. USalinger wagcizelela ukuthi unkosikazi waphonsa ukuqeqeshwa izinyanga ezi-4 ngaphambi kokukhululwa wathuthela kuye. Le ntombazane yanqotshwa ukukholisa futhi yakwenza, njengoba othandekayo ebuza.
Indlu lapho umndeni wawuhlala khona, kuphela ngokunwetshwa kwathiwa kufanelekile ngezindlu. Noma kunjalo, njengoba imibiko kaMargaret emazwini kamama, umlobi osevele edumile wafuna izitsha ezimnandi ezivela kumkakhe futhi asuse ilineni le-bed amahlandla ama-2 ngesonto.
Ngiseyingane, indodakazi ihlala igula, kepha indoda, esekelwe ekugwebeni kwakhe, yenqabile ukwenza udokotela. Kamuva, uClaire uvumile endodakazi yakhe, eyahamba ngokoqobo emaphethelweni, ecabanga ukuzibulala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ngokuya kwezimali zikaMargaret, yena nomfowabo bazalwa ngengozi, le ntombazane ikholelwa ukuthi ngo-Ji di kungenzeka ukuthi zingaba nezingane ezifiselekayo. Kepha umbhali waba ngubaba omuhle: Wayevame ukudlala ngezingane futhi wahlaba umxhwele izindaba zendatshana yakhe.
Noma kunjalo, kwakukhanga njalo abesifazane. Ngo-1966, umlobi wahlukanisa uClaire, futhi ngokushesha indawo yakhe yathathwa yintatheli uJoyce Manaard, owayeneminyaka engu-18 ngaleso sikhathi.
UColin waba ngumkakhe wokugcina kaSalinger, wayeneminyaka engama-50.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kwenoveli "ngenhla kwe-pelia e-rye" yathandwa, uSalllinger wahola impilo yenoveli. Ngemuva kuka-1965 umbhali wema ephrintiwe - ngaqamba le ndaba uqobo lwami.
ENew Hampshire, uJerome David Sallinger wafa ukufa okungokwemvelo endlini yakhe ngoJanuwari 27, 2010. Umbhali wemibhalo walowo obhala ka-Wrind's wathi ngonyaka ka-2009, uSallinger walimaza ithambo le-pelvic, kodwa wazizwa kahle isikhathi eside.
Unkosikazi wokugcina uColin nendodana uMathewu baba izindlalifa zomlobi. Impilo yombhali ibigcwele amaqiniso athakazelisayo, kanti ezinye zezingcaphuno zakhe zaba khona.
Idokhumenti "lakwa-Abyss of Rye" lisho ngobuntu nokuphila kwe-salinger.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Esikoleni sakwaJerome, babevame ukumhlangula ngenxa yegama lakhe lesibili - uDavide. Ukuze ugweme inkathazo, uSalllinger uvinjelwe othisha ukuthi baxhumana naye ngegama lesibili. By the way, umfana wafunda kabi kakhulu, kuphela okwenziwayo okusobala kokwenza umbuthano omangalisayo kungahlukaniswa empumelelweni yesikole.
- Ngo-1942, umlobi waya enkonzweni, lapho ahlanganyela khona ekusebenzeni okudumile ekutholeni ama-paratroopers eNormandy. Ukubuya ekhaya, i-salinger ishaya isibhedlela i-diagnosis "yokuqhekeka kwemizwa".
- Umlobi bekungelula ukuzwa ukuthandwa kwakhe ngemuva kokushicilelwa "kwalasha we-rye". UJerome wayengafuni ukuxhumana nezintatheli, wahola impilo yokutakula. Ukwenqaba kwesigaba embhalweni kuphendula umzamo wokwenza umhlangano wezinhlamvu zakhe.
- Umlobi wahlanganyela esifundweni sokwelashwa kweminye imishanguzo, ubuHindu kanye nobuBuddha. Ukubuka komhlaba kwakhe kwakuyingqayizivele kakhulu.
- Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uSallinger uthenge indlu ebangeni, eduze nehlathi, wamjabulisa ngocingo futhi walengisa izimpawu zaba "bangaphandle ezivinjelwe", umbhali angabonakala njalo kubha enamantombazane ahlukene.
- Ingxoxo eyodwa noSallinger yayisengumfundi wesikole esiphakeme ephephandabeni "Clermont Dale ayinaki". Lapho umlobi ethola ukuthi umbhalo wale ndatshana wawela emzileni wokuqala wephephandaba lendawo, wafutheka. Kungemva kwalomcimbi wokuthi umuzwa weJero wakhe ozinikele wawela indlu ngocingo oluphezulu.
- I-salinger yenzelwe ukushicilela imisebenzi yakhe engadingekile ngesikhathi kusuka ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020. Phakathi kwabo kukhona imininingwane ye-autobiographic mayelana nemibuzo eqhutshwa nguye phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
- Endabeni ethi "Incwadi elahlekile" yanyatheliswa yinombolo yangempela yocingo lomlobi: 603-675-5244.
- Ekupheleni kuka-2016, isikhungo sezikhungo ze-Cartoon Study Studies Secuetational savula ukwamukelwa kwezicelo ezivela kubaculi abafisa ukuhlala endaweni yangakulo e-sallinger. Ngomnqobi, umfundaze omncane wabelwe, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukugxila ekwakheni umsebenzi okhethekile.
- Lapho umgxeki obhalwe phansi uJan Hamilton, ngokusobala angafuni izindlela ezikhanyayo, wazama ukubhala i-biography yombhali. Kepha uJerome wathukuthela kakhulu kangangokuba wafaka kaHamilton ukuphoqa ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwezincwadi ezishicilelwe ezingaphambili.
- 3 "Amakati anezinombolo" ahlala eSalfier's House: Kitty-1, kitty-2 ne-kitty-3.
Amacaphuna
Ngoba umuntu wafa, wayengeke ayeke ukumthanda, wakuma, - ikakhulukazi uma engcono kunawo wonke umuntu, uyakuqonda? Kungaba ngcono kwezinye izinto ezingashintshanga. Yebo, uma bebekwazi ukufakwa kumbukiso obukhazikhazi futhi ungathinti. Abesifazane bayi-violin, udinga ukuba ngumculi omangalisayo ukuwenza uzwakale. Futhi ngokushesha kudingeka uye lapho lapho unqume khona. Ngokushesha. Awunalo ilungelo lokulahlekelwa umzuzu. Awukwazi. Bengicabanga ukuthi izingane ezincane zidlala kanjani kusihlwa ensimini enkulu, eRye. Izinkulungwane zezingane, nombuthano - noma umphefumulo, akekho umuntu omdala, ngaphandle kwami. Futhi ngimi emaphethelweni edwala, phezu kwalasha, niyazi? Futhi ibhizinisi lami ukubamba izingane ukuze zingaphuli kwalasha. Uyabona, bayadlala futhi ababoni ukuthi bagijima kuphi, bese ngiyagijima ngibabambe ukuze bangadili. Lowo wonke umsebenzi wami. Ukuzwa abafana phezu kwalasha we-rye. Ngiyazi ukuthi ayinangqondo, kepha yiyona kuphela into engifuna ngempela ngayo. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngiyisiwula.I-Bibliography
- 1940 - Intsha
- 1940 - Bukela nge-Eddie
- Ngo-1941 - Ukusola, kulungile
- 1941 - Ukugeza kwendaba engajabuli
- 1942 - I-Lucky Debut Lois taggett
- Ngo-1942 - Umbiko ongakahleleki mayelana nengane eyodwa
- 1943 - Varioni Brothers
- Ngo-1943 - Ihlathi eliqinile
- Ngo-1944 - ngesivumelwano esivumelana ngaso
- Ngo-1944 - USergeant onenhliziyo ethambile
- Ngo-1944 - usuku lokugcina lokuxoshwa kokugcina
- Ngo-1944 - Kanye ngesonto - ngeke ulahlekelwe
- 1945 - Elaine
- 1945 - Ngiyahlanya
- 1945 - Soldier eFrance
- Ngo-1945 - I-Herring eBarrel
- 1945 - Striering
- Ngo-1946 - Riot Easy on Madison Avenue
- 1948 - Intombazane ejwayelekile
- Ngo-1949 - Indoda eyahleka
- Ngo-1949 - Esikebheni
- 1951 - Futhi lezi zindebe, kanye namehlo aluhlaza
- 1952 - I-Blue Efile Smith Yesikhathi
- 1953 - Teddy
- Ngo-1955 - ngaphezulu kwama-rafters, ababazi
- 1959 - Simor: Isingeniso
- Ngo-1965 - Usuku lwe-16 lweHapworth