I-Biograge
I-Antoine de Saint-expery, ilungu lempi yezwe yokuqala neyesibili u-Andre Momua, phambi kwamehlo akhe ayeyizigameko zokuqala zengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili, indlela engaqondakali yakwazi ukulondolozwa emsebenzini wakhe njengenhlamvu I-Irony enhle. Amahlaya amancanyana kanye nezengqondo zezindaba zakhe ziheha umfundi kuze kube namuhla.
Ikhadi lebhizinisi lesibili lombhali waseFrance liyiprosethi yemvelo. Ngenkathi abasohambi bebhala ngesizukulwane esilahlekile kanye nobuhlungu bokuthi, uMosia wayefuna umsuka wamandla wangaphakathi akwazi ukunqoba inhlekelele yekhulu lama-20, endabeni yempilo yabalobi nabacabangi besikhathi esedlule.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wezindaba ze-biographies nezincwadi eziphathelene nomlando kazwelonke wazalwa ngonyaka we-1885 edolobheni elincane laseFrance e-Elbeff eNormandy. Abazali bakhe - umbhangqwana wamaJuda ngegama lesibongo sika-Erzog, owafaka isicelo kubuKatolika - wathuthela enyakatho-entshonalanga neFrance iminyaka engamashumi amabili ngaphambi kokuzalwa kweNdodana ngaphambi kokuzalwa kweNdodana ngaphambi kokuzalwa kweNdodana ngaphambi kokuzalwa kweNdodana ngaphambi kokuzalwa kweNdodana ngaphambi kokuzalwa kweNdodana ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwendodana. Ngaphambi kwalapho, umndeni wawuhlala e-Alsace, kodwa ngemuva kokulandela impi kaFranco-Prussian ngonyaka we-1871, umhlaba wafakwa eJalimane, kwanqunywa ukuba ahlale izifundo zaseFrance futhi athuthele entshonalanga.
Ubaba ka-Emil, u-Ernest Erzog, kanye nomkhulu emgqeni kababa baphethwe efektri yezindwangu. Ngenxa yemizamo yabo, hhayi kuphela umndeni walowo ongumnikazi webhizinisi, kepha iningi labasebenzi lithuthela eNormandia. Uhulumeni wanikeza umkhulu umlobi ngokulandelana kweFrance Legion ukuze asindiswe embonini yezwe.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa komfana, inhlala-kahle yomndeni yaqiniswa. Lapho ebhapathizwa, ingane yathola igama lika-Emil Salomon Wilhelm. Ngokuqala komsebenzi wokubhala njengegama langempela, u-Andre Mo morua pseudomnym wasungulwa. Imfundo yokuqala etholwe endaweni yokuzivocavoca ye-elbef, kwathi eminyakeni eyi-12 yangena eRueny Lyceum ye-Pierre Cornel. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, wabelwa inani lelayisense.
Naphezu kwamandla, u-Emil athole umphathi efektri kababa. Ngokweminye imibiko, umkhandlu wokushiya isikole wamnika uthisha weLyceum Emil Shartier, owashicilela ama-Essani efilosofi ngaphansi kwama-alia a-Alain. Imibono yeCharter ithonye umbono womfundi womfundi. Noma kunjalo, uHerzog wangena e-University of Cannes.
U-Emele wayeneminyaka engama-29 ubudala lapho ngiqala impi yezwe. Kusukela eminyakeni emithathu edlule, wawushiya umsebenzi efektri wazama ukunquma kulo msebenzi. I-Erzog ezimpini isebenza njengesikhulu esiNgisini endlunkulu yesiNgisi eFrance futhi ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhumusha kumaBritish Expeditionary Corps. Isipiliyoni esitholwe kamuva siboniswa kumkhiqizo wakhe wokudangala - inoveli "ukuthula kweColonel Brambla".
Into yokufunda
Iqhawe lenoveli yokuqala u-Andre Moria eduze kwawo wonke amazwe alwa neJalimane. Incwadi iletha ukuqashelwa kolanga hhayi eFrance kuphela, kodwa nase-United States nase-UK. Ngo-1922, inoveli yesibili iyashicilelwa - "Inkulumo kaDkt O'gredy", futhi ephendukela futhi iphumelele. I-MoRua iqinisekile ngokukhethwa kwemisebenzi ebhaliwe.
Umlobi uhlelwe egazini le- "Croa de fe", nangemva kokushiya uBaba uthengisa ibhizinisi. Kule minyaka, uqoqa izinto zokuqala ze-Trilogy yokuqala. Ngo-1923, impilo ka-Ariel, noma impilo kaSustli yaphuma, ngemuva kweminyaka emine - incwadi ekhuluma ngoNdunankulu waseBrithani uBenjamin Dizraeli, kwa ngo-1930 - biography kaBhiron. Lolu chungechunge, kamuva lwashicilelwa olubizwa nge- "Romantic England", kwaqinisa ukuthandwa ngumlobi e-UK.
Ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi kuma-biografikhi we-morua akhiqiza amanoveli. Kubuswa ngo-1926 uBernar Keni, ngomakadebona osemusha weMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, eyaba nesiphiwo se-ART, kufanele asebenze ngokumelene nentando efektri yomndeni. Landzelela i-auto sographicity yesakhiwo akunzima.
Ngo-1938, uMoriaa oneminyaka engama-53 uthola ukuqashelwa okukhethekile - ukhethwe kumalungu eFrance Academy. Isikhungo sifunda ulimi lukazwelonke futhi sinakekela ukulondolozwa kwento ejwayelekile, kubandakanya nokwethulwa kwamaphrimiyamu acishe abe ngu-60 kubabhali.
Ukuqamba okubhaliwe noRere Monua kwaphazamisa usizi lwempi yezwe yesibili. Umlobi uphinde wabhalwa ngokuzinikela futhi ukhonza njengokaputeni. Lapho amaFascist ekwazi ukuhlala eFrance, uyahamba e-US futhi afundise isikhathi esithile eNyuvesi yaseKansas. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1943, uMoria, kanye namasosha, amabutho ahlangene awela eNyakatho Afrika. Lapha futhi ekuqaleni kokufuduka, uhlangana nomngane wakhe, umshayeli wezempi, umlobi u-Antoine de Saint-extupery.
Umama uMoria ubuyela ngo-1946. Lapha ushicilela amaqoqo enoveli, okubandakanya "ama-tanatos ehhotela", abhale i-biography entsha - "ekufuneni uMarseille Proust." Ngalesi sikhathi, ushintsha amadokhumenti, futhi i-pseudonym iba igama layo. Ngo-1947, "umlando waseFrance" uvela - owokuqala kochungechunge lwezincwadi eziphathelene nomlando wezifundazwe. Kusetshenziswe futhi emlandweni weGreat Britain, i-USA namanye amazwe.
Ekuqaleni kwama-50s, ukuqoqwa kwemibhalo yalo kuyaphuma: Imibhalo ihlala ngamavolumu ayi-16. Eminyakeni efanayo, nenhle, amahlaya agcwele "izincwadi zabafokazi" ziyashicilelwa. UMoria uyaqhubeka nokusebenza kuma-biografikhi. Unesifiso esihlabathini sikaGeorges, u-Alexander Duma, uVictor Hugo ngisho no-Alexander Fleming, owadala i-penicillin. Uqede le ncwadi yeBlock Mayelana neBalzac. Umbhali wenzele iminyaka engama-78 yokuphila.
Eminyakeni eyishumi yokugcina yempilo, ama-Moria izindatshana zakhe zazivame ukushicilelwa emaphephandabeni aseSoviet. Njengoba i-RIA "News" ibhala, umlobi kwakungubangane nababhali abaningi be-USSR. EFrance, yasebenzisana nokuhlelwa okuhlukahlukene komqondo wentando yeningi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uMoriaa washiya isiginesha ngaphansi kombhikisho wezishoshovu zenhlalo yokulwa nokuboshwa komdwebi ovela eMexico David Sicairos.
Impilo yakhe yaseMortua iphuma ngo-1970, ngemuva kokushona komlobi, ngaphansi kwegama elilula elithi "Memoirs". Kuyo - wonke amatshe wempilo yokudala, izigcawu zemihlangano kanye nezingxoxo ezingekho emthethweni nosopolitiki, izazi zefilosofi, abalobi. Ifa lokubhala lalowo mlobi waseFrance lihlanganisa izincwadi ezingamakhulu amabili nezinkulungwane zezindatshana. Ama-aphorisms kanye nezitatimende ze-morua zaziwa kabanzi, ngokwesibonelo:
"Isikhathi esichithwa nowesifazane ngeke sibizelwe ukulahleka."Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-Biography kaMosia ifaka imishado emibili. Eminyakeni engu-28, washada noZhanna-Marie Shimkevich. Lowo oshade naye wamnika amadodana amabili, uGerald no-Olivier, nendodakazi kaMichelle. Lapho umlobi eneminyaka engama-39 ubudala, umkakhe wafa. Imbangela yokufa yaba yi-sepsis.
Umshado wesibili uphetha ngoSimon Kayep, isihlobo seMarseil Priust. Okwesinye isikhathi, lo mbhangqwana waphila ngokwahlukana komunye nomunye, kuyilapho uSimon uyaziwa ukuthi lowo oshade naye unokuxhumana okwengeziwe. Kwakungekho zingane ezivela eMorsua naseKayech.
Ukushona
U-Andre Mo morua wadlula ngo-Okthoba 9, 1967. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayehlala endaweni kaNei-sur-Saint - umhlangano oseduze kwenhloko-dolobha yaseFrance entshonalanga.
Ithuna lomlobi litholakala emathuneni endawo. Lapha umzimba we-anatol France, i-cinematographher Renole Clera, umdwebi-isibonakaliso uPuwe de Galianna.
I-Bibliography
- "Ukuthula I-Colonel Brambla"
- "Inkulumo kaDkt O'gredy"
- "Impilo ka-Ariel" noma uShelly "
- "Impilo kaDizraeli" yaseRoma "
- "Byron"
- Inoveli "izinhlamvu zomfokazi"
- Ukuqoqwa "ama-violets ngoLwesithathu"
- "UBernard Ken"
- "Ubudlova bothando"
- "Imizwa namasiko"
- "Umlando waseFrance"
- "Umlando WeNgilandi"
- "I-Olimpio, noma impilo kaViktor Hugo"
- "Ama-Dumas Amathathu"
- "Prometheus, noma impilo balzak"
- "Memoirs / Izinkumbulo"