I-Biograge
Ukuqashelwa ezingeni lombuso okufungelwa yi-moss kaJalill ngemuva kokufa. Imbongi esolwa ngokuphamba embongi ngokuhambisana nalabo abalandeli abanganaki izingoma zakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwafika amathuba nemiklomelo, kanye nesihloko seqhawe seSoviet Union. Kepha isikhumbuzo sangempela esiya ezweni lamazwe angafuneki, ngaphezu kokubuya kwegama elithembekile, selibe yintshisekelo engenakuqhathaniswa namafa okudala. Ngemuva kweminyaka, sigcina ukuphuthuma kweZwi mayelana ne-Motherland, mayelana nabangane, mayelana nothando.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ukuziqhenya kwabantu baseTatar Musa Jalil kwazalwa ngoFebhuwari 1906. URahima noDistafa wesigodi balethelwa izingane ezi-6. Lo mndeni uhlala edolobhaneni lase-Orenburg, uma ufuna isabelo esihle kakhulu esidluliselwe esikhungweni sesifundazwe. Lapho, umama, ukuba yindodakazi yakhe uMallah uqobo, wathatha amaSulumane esikoleni samaSulumane - uMadrasa "uHeraini". Ngaphansi kukahulumeni waseSoviet, iTatar Institute of National Education inyuke isuka kwisikhungo senkolo.
Uthando lwezinkondlo, isifiso semicabango emihle yoMbuso sanikelwa eJalil ngezingoma zabantu, ezenziwa ngumama, nezinganekwane ezifunda ugogo ebusuku. Esikoleni, ngaphezu kwezinto zemfundiso yenkolo, izincwadi zezwe, ukucula nokudweba kwaphumelela. Kodwa-ke, inkolo yayingenandaba noGuy - uMusa kamuva wathola ubufakazi bezobuchwepheshe kwi-slapAk e-pedagogical Institute.
Osemusha uMusa wagcwalisa amazinga e-Komsomol abahlali, baphazamisa izingane ngentshiseko izingane ukuba zijoyine imigqa yenhlangano yamaphayona. Enye yezindlela zokukholelwa yizinkondlo zokuqala zokuthanda izwe. Edolobhaneni labomdabu, imbongi ye-mustafino yadala i-Komsomol cell, amalungu awo alwa nezitha zenguquko. Isishoshovu saseZalilov sakhethwa kwi-Bureau yeSigaba saseTatar-Bashkir seKomidi eliChantral of the VLKSM, isithunywa se-All-Union Komsomol Congress.
Ngo-1927, uMusa wangena eMoscow State University, egatsheni lemibhalo le-Ethnological Pubty (i-FIPFFach yesikhathi esizayo). Ngokusho kwama-Memoirs omakhelwane ehostela Varlam Shalamov, uJalil e-University uthole okuncamelayo nothando lwabanye ngobuzwe babo. Hhayi nje kuphela uMusa - ama-Komsomolets amaqhawe kuphela, ngakho-ke futhi uTatar, ofunda eyunivesithi yaseRussia, ubhala izinkondlo ezinhle, ubafunda ngokuphelele ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.
EMoscow, uJalil wasebenza kubahleli bamaphephandaba nomagazini bakaTatar, kwathi ngo-1935 wamukela isimemo endaweni eyayisanda kuvulwa iKazan Opera House ihola ingxenye yakhe yemibhalo. EKazan, imbongi enekhanda langena emsebenzini, yathatha abalingisi, yabhala izindatshana, izincwadi ze-LARILERE. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wahumusha emisebenzini yamaTatar ama-Classics aseRussia. UMusa uba yiphini likaMkhandlu Wedolobha noSihlalo wababhali beTataria.
Into yokufunda
Izinkondlo zokuqala zembongi encane zaqala ukushicilela ephephandabeni lendawo. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, amaqoqo ayi-10 aphuma. Owokuqala "siya" - ngo-1925 eKazan, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4 - omunye, "ama-Comrade". UMusa akagcinanga kuphela, njengoba bebengasho, umsebenzi weqembu, kodwa futhi wakwazi ukubhala imidlalo yezingane, izingoma, izinkondlo, izindatshana zobuntatheli.
Ekuqaleni, emibhalweni, umkhankaso noma ama-maximalism ahlanganiswe ngokubonisana nama-pathos, ukufaniswa kwezimpawu nemihlangano yesici sezincwadi zaseMpumalanga. Kamuva, uJalil wakhetha izincazelo ezingokoqobo ngenothi le-folklore.
Udumo olubanzi lukaJalil lutholwe ngenkathi ngifunda eMoscow. Ubuqambi baseMusa bakuthanda ngempela abafundi afunda nabo, funda izinkondlo kusihlwa. Ithalente elincane elijabulisayo lamukelelwe inhlangano yedolobha elikhulukazi kubalobi bokuqala. UJalil wajwayelana no-Alexander Zharov noMikhail Svetlov, bathola izinkulumo zeVladimir Mayakovsky.
Ngo-1934, wabona ukukhanya kweqoqo ezihlokweni zeKomsomol ", nangemva kwakhe," izinkondlo nezinkondlo. " Imisebenzi yawo-1930 yabonisa imbongi enengqondo ejulile, hhayi ifilosofi yezangaphandle futhi ikwazi ukusebenzisa yonke iphalethi lezincazelo zolimi.
Okokusebenza kwe-Opera "ZolotovoOlospar", ukutshela ngobubi besizwe saseBulgaria, okungazange kunqobe abahlaseli abanobuhlakani, imbongi yacubungulwa yaba yi-Life Recoic Epic Epic "Jick Marmen", izinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane zabantu baseTatar. Induna yenzeka emavikini amabili ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2011, iTatar Theatre Opera kanye ne-ballet, ngendlela, eyayiletha isigameko sayo.
Njengoba umqambi uNazib Zhiganov utshele umqambi, wacela uJalil ukuthi anciphise inkondlo, njengoba imithetho yeDramaturgy yafuna. Ngokuqinisekiswa ngokwezigaba ze-Musa, ukusho ukuthi akafuni ukususa izintambo ezibhalwe "yigazi lenhliziyo." Inhloko yengxenye yezincwadi engiyikhumbulayo kumngane njengoba umuntu enganaki, enentshisekelo futhi ekhathazekile ngesiko lomculo weTatar.
Abangani abaseduze batshele ukuthi ulimi olumibalabala imibhalo imbongi ichaze kanjani zonke izinhlobo zezindaba ezihlekisayo ezenzeke kuye, bese zifunda enkampanini. UJalil wahola umlando ngolimi lwesiTatar, kodwa ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, incwadi yokubhala yanyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo.
Emibhalweni kaHitler, uMusa Jalil wabhala amakhulu ezinkondlo, abangu-115 babo bafika ezizukulwaneni. I-vertex yobuciko bezinkondlo ingumjikelezo othi "Mobiatebook" Mowabia ".
Lokhu kugcinwe izincwadi ezimbili ezilondolozwe ngokuyisimangaliso ezidluliswa eziphathimandleni zeSoviet zembongi yimbongi esembongini "Mobibi" no "Plettenza". Ngokolwazi olungaqinisekisiwe, ezinye ezimbili, ngendlela engaziwa ezandleni zesakhamuzi saseTurkey, zaziku-NKVD futhi zanyamalala.
Ngaphambili nasemakamu, uMusa wabhala ngempi, mayelana nokuxhamazela, ofakazi bakhe, ngokuphaphala kwesimo nempi yensimbi. Okunjalo kwaba yinkondlo "isigqoko", "imbali emine", "Azimuth". Echaza kahle imigqa yokubhoboza owaphula imbongi yemizwa "ayeshayela omama abanezingane ..." Kusuka ku- "Barbarism".
Kutholakala emphefumulweni weJalild Place namaculo, ezothando kanye namahlaya, ngokwesibonelo, "uthando nekhala eligijimayo" no "ntwasahlobo" nokuzilibazisa kumkakhe "Ukuvalelisa, uhlakaniphile wami".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMusa Jalil wayeshade kanye kanye. Umfazi wokuqala kaRauza wethule indodana ka-Albert Poet. Waba yisikhulu sabasebenzi, wakhonza eJalimane, impilo yakhe yonke wayigcina incwadi yokuqala kayise nge-autograph yakhe. U-Albert waletha amadodana amabili, kepha akukho lutho olwaziwa ngekusasa labo.
Emshadweni womphakathi noZakyui Sadykova, uMusa wazalwa nguLucius. Indodakazi iphothule iziqu eMnyangweni Wezithwali Wesithwali Sesikole Somculo kanye ne-Moscow Institute of Cinematography, yaphila futhi yafundisa eKazan.
Unkosikazi wesithathu wembongi wabizwa ngokuthi u-Amina. Yize inethiwekhi isatshalaliswa imininingwane yokuthi, ngokwemibhalo, lona wesifazane ungo-Anna Petrovna, ngabe uNina Konstantinovna. Indodakazi ka-Amina noMusus Chulp Valilov bahlala eMoscow, basebenza njengesihleli kumshicileli okholwayo. Umzukulu wakhe uMikhail, owayenethalente, ugqoke isibongo esimbili se-mitrofanov-jalil.
Ukushona
E-biography kaJalil, ngeke kube namakhasi angaphambili nawakamu uma imbongi engazange yenqabe izembatho zempi ezinikezwe zona ezinkonzweni empini. UMusa weza ebhodini elisalungiswa ngosuku lwesibili ngemuva kokuqala kwempi, wathola isiqondiso kwezepolitiki, wasebenza njengebutho lezempi. Ngo-1942, kushiya indawo ezungezile ngeqembu labalwa, uJalil walimala wathunjwa.
Ekamu lokuhlushwa ngaphansi kwedolobha lasePoland, iRadom Musa yajoyina iLegion "Idel-Ural". AmaNazi aqoqwe ezindlini ezifundwa kakhulu abamele izizwe ezingezona amaSlavic ukuze bakhule abasekeli nabasabalalisi bemibono yamaFascist.
UJalil, usebenzisa inkululeko yokuhamba, imisebenzi esetshenzisiwe ekamu. Abasebenzi abangaphansi komhlaba babelungiselela ukuphunyula, kepha ezikhundleni zabo bathola imbuka. Imbongi kanye nabangane abasebenza kakhulu babulawa eGuillotine.
Ukubamba iqhaza esigabeni se-verphtack kwanikeza isizathu sokubheka umbhali kaJalil, umlandeli wabantu baseSoviet. Kungemva kokushona kukaStalin, ngenxa yemizamo kaKonstantin Simonov kanye nososayensi bakaTatar kanye nomphakathi, uGazi Kashchef waphenduka iqiniso ngebuhlungu futhi ngasikhathi sinye lempilo yakamuva yenkondlo.
I-Bibliography
- 1925 - "Siyahamba"
- 1929 - "Ama-Comrades"
- Ngo-1934 - "I-Ordenson million"
- 1955 - "Ingoma Yobuqhawe"
- 1957 - "Mobita Notebook"
- Ngo-1964 - "Musa Jalil. Izingoma Ezithandwayo »
- 1979 - "Musa Jalil. Imisebenzi ekhethiwe »
- 1981 - "I-Red Chamomile"
- 1985 - "Nightingale nentwasahlobo"
- 2014 - "Musa Jalil. Izintandokazi "
Amacaphuna
Ngiyazi: Ngokuphila nephupho kuzohamba.
Kepha ngokunqoba nenjabulo
Ujikeleza ezweni lami,
Ukugcina zero. Akekho ophethwe!
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Sifuna ukuba sithi: "Bheka!"
Futhi siyasithwala izifiso zesiphepho.
Ayikho imilenze yabantu egandayiwe imigwaqo,
Nemizwa nezinkanuko zabantu.
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