I-Biograge
Umlobi odumile waseRussia u-Alexander Gener wethula imisebenzi eminingi ehlukene egumbini lokufunda. Kodwa-ke, iningi lababhutters bahlobanisa igama lale ndodana enethalente, impilo yayo egcwele amaqiniso athakazelisayo, ngephutha - ama-scarlet ntail ", atshela ngomlando wentombazane ngegama le-ASOL. I-heroine eyinhloko yencwadi yahlangana no-Arthur Grahaya wakhe othandekayo, futhi icebo lalo msebenzi ngokholo olungenakunyakaziswa nephupho eliqotho kwaba ukuhlaselwa kwemisebenzi ye-cinematographic yabaqondisi abadumile.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexander Grinevsky (igama langempela lomlobi) lazalwa ngo-11 (23) Agasti 1880. Ubuntwana bakwaShasha osemusha babanjelwa edolobheni laseSlobodsky, manje esesisifunda eKirov. UGreen Greew wakhulela emndenini ongasebenzi, okwakungeyena owomhlaba wangempela.
Uyise uStefan Grinevsky, isigxobo ngobuzwe, ungowasebutho lezempi ama-shutter. Lapho uStehana (eRussia, uStepan Ebseevich wambiza) wayeneminyaka engama-20, waba yilungu lokuvuselwa kukaJanuwari, okwenzeka ngo-1863.
Kuma-devalis ahlomile emazweni angaphambili eCommonwealth, okwashukumisela eMbusweni waseRussia, uGrinevsky wakhululeka ngokuphelele eKolyvan yesifundazwe saseTomsk. Ngo-1868, le nsizwa yavunyelwa ukuba ixazululwe esifundazweni saseVyatka.
Ngo-1873, uGrinevsky wenza isiphakamiso sesandla sakhe nezinhliziyo u-Anna Ladkaya, owayesebenza njengomhlengikazi. U-Alexander ozalwa naye wazalwa evela kubalingani kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yokuhlala ndawonye. Kamuva, uGrinevian wavela ezinye izingane ezintathu: umfana namantombazane amabili. Abazali bakhulisa okuluhlaza ngokungafanele. Kwesinye isikhathi umbhali wesikhathi esizayo wathululelwa, kwathi ngakwezinye izikhathi lapho kwakujeziswa kahle noma waphonswa ngaphandle kwako.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uthando luka-Alexander luvele lusencane. Lapho ingane ineminyaka eyi-6, yafunda ukufunda: esikhundleni sokudlala nontanga emoyeni omusha, umfana wamemeza izincwadi ze-adventure. Ukufundwa kokuqala komsebenzi kaSasha kwaba yi-tetralogy yohambo lweJonathan Swift "Uhambo lukaJonathan", olutshela ukuthi abanye uLemuel babenzeka kanjani emhlabeni weLiliput.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindaba ezincane ezinamafu athambekele ezindabeni ezingenacala ezihamba esikhaleni samanzi somhlaba. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi i-imatanist encane yafuna ukuphinda impilo yamaqhawe ebhaliwe: uphuphe ukuya olwandle, uSasha wenza imizamo yokuphunyuka endlini.
Ngo-1889, umfana oneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye wanikezwa ekilasini lokulungiselela lesikole sangempela. Ngendlela, abanye ofunda nabo banikeza uSasha Nickname "oluhlaza". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umlobi wemisebenzi wawungeyena umntwana olalelayo: UGrinevsky, ngokuphambene, waletha inkathazo kubafundisi ababephawula ukuthi indlela abaziphatha ngayo "babembi kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye." Kodwa-ke, uluhlaza okwazile ukuqeda isigaba sokulungiselela bese uya esiteji esingenhla.
Kodwa-ke, ukuba yisibili i-grader, indodana kaPosh Shkhatich yakhishwa esikoleni. Iqiniso ngukuthi uSasha, owakhunjulwa ngumlingiswa ongaphumuli, wanquma ukukhombisa ithalente lakhe futhi wabhala inkondlo ngothisha.
Kuliqiniso, lo msebenzi wawungeyena owayesesitayeleni saseLomonosov: Kwakuqukethe umbhalo oqondile futhi wathathwa njengento ecasulayo kakhulu. Kepha ngo-1892, uGrinevsky wakwazi ukubuyela esitadisheni: Ngenxa kababa, le nsizwa yathatha isikole seVyatka, esaba nedumela elibi.
Lapho insizwa ineminyaka engu-15 ubudala, kwenzeka umcimbi omubi empilweni yakhe: U-Alexander Green ushonele umama wakhe owashona ngenxa yesifo sofuba.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, uStepan Grinevsky washada noLydia Boretskoy, nonina nomama womzalikazi bengagxiliwe, ngenxa yalokho umfana azinza ngokwahlukana nomndeni kababa. Inkosi yaleli gama yayihlala yedwa, futhi kusukela emkhathini we-vyatka yesifundazwe, lapho kubuye kube khona "amanga, amanga kanye namanga.
I-prose yesikhathi esizayo ichithe iminyaka eyisithupha ekusongeleni. Ngalesi sikhathi, wakwazi ukusebenza njenge-twist yezincwadi, isikeyi, umdobi, ongunxantathu, umgibeli wesekethe edukile. Ngo-1896, waphothula esikoleni saseVyatka waya e-Odessa ukuze abe ngamatilosi, athole ama-ruble angama-25 avela kuYise. E-New Town Green yazo zonke izithonjana, wayengenamali yokudla.
Lapho u-Alexander ethola emkhunjini - okulindelwe akuzange kuhambisane namaqiniso, esikhundleni senjabulo, le nsizwa yanengetela amadlingozi ngenxa yomthamo wakwa-Lailer wasebenza ngomkhumbi.
Ngo-1902, ngenxa yezidingo ezedlulele emalini, u-Alexander Stepanovich ungene kwinkonzo yamasosha. Ubulukhuni bempilo yesosha ephoqelele uGrinevian ukuba bawugwadule: Ngemuva kokuvikelwa kwezinguquko nabavukeli, eluhlaza bathatha imisebenzi engaphansi komhlaba. Ngo-1903, kwaboshwa insizwa yathunyelwa iminyaka engu-10 yaya eSiberia. Ubuye wasebenzisa iminyaka emibili esixhumanisi se-Arkhangelsk futhi ngesinye isikhathi waphila ngaphansi kwepasipoti yama-st. Petersburg.
Into yokufunda
U-Alexander Stepanovich Luhlaza wabhala le ndaba yakhe yokuqala ngo-1906: Kusukela ngalowo mzuzwana kuqhubeke, ubuhlakani bathatha le nsizwa ngokuphelele. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala obizwa nge- "Merit of Perate Panteeva" izinkulumo mayelana nokwephulwa okusebenza enkonzweni yesosha.
Ucezu oluhlaza okotshani lwashicilelwa ngaphansi kwesiginesha ka-A. S. G. Njengencwajana yomkhankaso yabasebenzi ebuthweni lempi, amasosha ajezisayo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukusakazwa kwasuswa endlini yokuphrinta kwashiswa ngamaphoyisa. U-Alexander Stepanovich, impilo yakhe yonke wabheka indatshana yakhe elahlekile, kodwa ngo-1960 kwatholakala enye ikhophi yale ncwajana eMnyangweni weMossion Gndarmerie ".
Okulandelayo, kusuka ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zika-Alexander Green Green, umsebenzi we- "ENdlont kanye neMoskka" kwavela, futhi wahlupheka ngesiphetho esifanayo. Umsebenzi wokuqala owawufinyelela ngokusemthethweni izitolo zencwadi kwakuyindaba "e-Italy".
Kusukela ngo-1908, umlobi waqala ukushicilela amaqoqo wezindaba, ebopha ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym yokudala "eluhlaza": umbhali waqamba izindaba ezingama-25 kulo nyaka, ethola imali enhle. Ngo-1913, ukufundwa komphakathi kwabona imibhalo ka-Alexander Stepanovich ngesimo se-TromoManiac.
Njalo ngonyaka, i-Grinevsky ithuthukise amakhono ayo: Ingqikithi yemisebenzi iye yanda, iziza zaba zijulile futhi zingalindelekanga, kanye nomlobi baqeda izincwadi nezingcaphuno ezaziwa kakhulu kubantu.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi uGrinevsky uthatha indawo ekhethekile emhlabeni wezincwadi zaseRussia. Iqiniso ngukuthi umbhali wayengenabo abalandeli, noma abalandeli noma ama-mithatives. Kodwa-ke, umbhali ngokwakhe wasolwa ngokuboleka izindaba ezibolekayo kusuka ku-Edgar ngu, uJack London, Hoffman, Stevenson kanye nezinye izinto zobuntu bokudala. Kepha lapho ehlaziya imibhalo, kwavela ukuthi lokhu kufana bekungazethembi kakhulu futhi kungalungi.
Futhi, igama lika-Alexander Green liqhathaniswa nezwe laseGreenland. Umbhali ngokwakhe akazange asebenzise igama lale ndawo eqanjiwe emisebenzini yakhe, kwasungulwa umgxeki wakhe waseSoviet uKornelius Zelensky, ngaleyo ndlela echaze indawo yokwenza izinhlamvu eziphambili emanoveli asemqoka emanoveli aluhlaza.
Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi i-peninsula, lapho izwe lomlobi litholakala khona emngceleni oseningizimu wasolwandle waseChina. Iziphetho ezinjalo zenziwa ngojeziswa emisebenzini yezihlalo zangempela: New Zealand, Pacific, njll.
Ngo-1916-1922, uBiriny wabhalwa incwadi ethi "Scarlet Sails", eyayimkhazimulisile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zimpaphe ezinkulu zomsebenzi zinikelwe kunkosikazi wesibili uNina. Umbono womsebenzi wazalelwa ekhanda lomlobi ngokuzenzela ngokuzenzekela: U-Alexander Stepanovich wabona isikebhe esinamasoyili amhlophe vele embonizwini ngamathoyizi.
"Leli thoyizi lathi kimi okuthile kimi, kepha bengingazi ukuthi, ngicabange ukuthi ngabe umkhumbi obomvu uzothi yini ngokwengeziwe, ngoba kungcono umbala obomvu, ngoba ku-Alom kuhlangane. I-Liacial isho ulwazi, kungani ukujabulele. Futhi ngakho-ke, ukusabalalisa kulokhu, ukuthatha amaza nomkhumbi ngo-Alay Sails, ngabona umgomo wokuba ngukuthi, "umlobi wachaza izinkumbulo zakhe kokusalungiswa kumaza abhalwe phansi.Ngo-1928, u-Alexander Stepanovich ukhiqiza umsebenzi wakhe obalulekile, onikeza igama elithi "egijima kumaza".
Le noveli mayelana nokungakhululeki, abagxeki banamuhla bathatha uhlobo lwezimanga. Futhi i-Alexander Green Green ijwayelekile kubafundi emsebenzini wolaka lukababa (1929), "umgwaqo ongekho ndawo" (1919) kanye "noDeveli Wamanzi Amawolintshi".
Inoveli yokugcina yombhali ibizwa ngokuthi "nokho, lo msebenzi u-Alexander Green wayengenaso isikhathi sokuqeda.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukusuka e-biography of luhlaza, kuyaziwa ukuthi wabhapathizwa yi-Orthodox Ricitual, yize uyise wayekholwa ekhokhwa Katolika. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imibono yenkolo yalomlobi yaqala ukuguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umkakhe wagubha: Ngesikhathi eCrinevsky evakashele esontweni lendawo futhi wawuthanda kakhulu umgubho wePhasika.
Ngokuqondene nempilo yomuntu siqu, umbhali weRomanov wayeshade kabili. Umlingani wokuqala waba nguVera Pavlovna Abramov, ndodakazi yesikhulu esicebile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi endabeni "imfucumfucu eyikhulu emfuleni", kwakunguVera owaba prototype we-heroine eyinhloko kaGelley.
Umshado wabo, owaqala ngo-1908, wagcina esehlukanisweni ngo-Abramova: Owesifazane, ngokusho kwakhe, wayekhathele ukungacabangi nokungalawuleki komyeni wakhe. Ayizange ingeze ukuqondana kanye ne-honelcomb yezinyosi ejwayelekile. U-Alexander Stepanovich ngokwakhe wenza imizamo yokuhlangana kabusha. Wanikela okholweni izincwadi eziningana, wabhala kwelinye lazo: "Umngane wami okuwukuphela kwakhe." Futhi, kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo, oluhlaza aluzange luhlukane nomfanekiso weVera Pavlovna.
Noma kunjalo, ngo-1921, insizwa yashada noNina Mironova, owayephila impilo yakhe yonke. Abalingani baphila bajabule futhi babhekane nesipho sekusasa.
Lapho u-Alexander Stepanovich efa, uNina Green ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kweCrimea amaJalimane wadingiselwa eJalimane waya emsebenzini. Lapho ebuyela e-USSR, lona wesifazane usolwa ngezwe lakubo ngecala, ngakho-ke iminyaka eyi-10 eyalandela yayisemakamu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi bobabili abashadikazi beGreen Green bebengajwayele nje kuphela, kodwa futhi banobungane, uma kungenzeka, basekelana endaweni enzima nasekhempini ngesikhathi.
Ukushona
U-Alexander Stepanovich Green ushonile ehlobo lika-1932. Imbangela yokufa ngumdlavuza wesisu. Iphrofa le langcwatshwa eCrimea e-Old Crimea, nesikhumbuzo sifakwa ethuneni lakhe ngokusekelwe emsebenzini "egijima kumaza amaza."
Kuyaqapheleka lokho ngemuva kokunqoba kweSoviet Union eMpini Yezwe II, izincwadi zikaGreen zaqashelwa imibono ye-anti-Soviet nephikisanayo ye-proletariat. Kungemva kokushona kukaJoseph Stalin, igama lokuluhlaza lavuselelwa.
Emkhumbuleni lo mnyuziyamu wesayensi, umnyuziyamu wavulwa e-Feodosia, emigwaqweni, imitapo yolwazi, amathobala aqanjwe amagama, adalwe ama-scarpptures nokunye okuningi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1906 - "e-Italy"
- 1907 - "Amawolintshi"
- 1907 - "Intandokazi"
- 1908 - "I-Tramp"
- 1908 - "Madoda amabili"
- 1909 - "Umkhumbi Womoya"
- 1909 - "Maniac"
- 1909 - "Isigameko ku-PSA Street"
- 1910 - "Ehlathini"
- 1910 - "Ibhokisi enensipho"
- 1911 - "Ukukhanya kwenyanga
- Ngo-1912 - "Inganekwane Ebusika"
- Ngo-1914 - "Ngaphandle Komphakathi"
- 1915 - "Aviator-Lunatic"
- 1916 - "Imfihlakalo Yezindlu 41"
- Ngo-1917 - "" Umoya Onhle "
- 1918 - "Izinkunzi eTomat"
- 1922 - "Umlilo Omhlophe"
- 1923 - "" Scarlet Sails "
- 1924 - "Ukuhamba okujabulisayo"
- Ngo-1925 - "Imidlalo eyisithupha"
- 1927 - "Inganekwane yeFerguson"
- 1928 - "Ukugijima Kumagagasi"
- 1933 - "I-Velvet Porter"
- 1960 - "Sahlala ogwini"
- Ngo-1961 - "I-Stone Stamp" Ranch