I-Biograge
Umlobi waseBrithani kanye nefezeli yefilosofi waziwa ngenoveli "ezweni elisha elihle", elibhalwe ngohlobo lwe-Anti-Nightpia. Ngiqale umsebenzi wami njengomuntu onobuntu no-satir, umphikisi wempi, waba nesithakazelo eneminyaka yobudala kanye nezinye izindaba ezingokomoya. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwathathwa njengezibukezana ezivelele, kwaqokelwa umklomelo kaNobel ezincwadini kasikhombisa.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Oldese Huxley yazalwa ngoJulayi 26, 1894 edolobheni laseHiolming, e-United Kingdom. Bobabili abazali be-huxley bangabakwamasiko amasiko. Ubaba ka-Oldel, uLeonard Huxley, naye wayengumbhali, futhi umkhulu kaMundela kaYologist ungumuntu odumile wezilwane, oyisiduduli wesayensi kanye nomvikeli womqondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kaCharles Darwin.
Okhokho bakwa-Oldes Huxley kusuka ohlangothini lukamama nabo bashiya umkhondo emlandweni. UMkhokho Omkhulu uThomas Arnold wayenguthisha, onguchwepheshe wakudala kanye noMguquko wohlelo lwemfundo, futhi umzala wayeyimbongi nomgxeki wemibhalo. UMfoweth 'u-Ogel Huxley, uJulian no-Andrew, babeyizinto ezidumile zebhayoloji.
U-Aldos ulahlekelwe ngumama oneminyaka eyishumi nantathu. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, le nsizwa "yathatha" ukugula kwamehlo, ngenxa yalokho abona okuningi. Le nhlekelele yaphenduka uhlangothi olukhanyayo lapho uHuxley ededelwa embuthweni wamasosha ngaleso sikhathi lapho impi yezwe yokuqala ikhona.
Kamuva, ngo-1943, umlobi wakhipha incwajana ethi "Indlela Yokulungisa I-Remix", lapho ahlanganyela khona owakhe isipiliyoni sakhe sokulungiswa kombono.
AmaRoma Alidos okuqala abhale asesencane - ngo-17, kepha lo msebenzi awuzange ushicilelwe. Imfundo kaHuxley itholwe e-Oxford, lapho afunda khona izincwadi eBalliol-College. Isinqumo sokugcina sokuba ngumlobi ochwepheshe weza kuye eneminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Into yokufunda
Uhlobo oluthandayo lwe-Oldhos Huxley - Antiutopia. Emisebenzini yakhe, umbhali uchaza ukuthi umphakathi wawuthunjwa kanjani ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulahlekelwa izinsalela zobuntu. Kuleveli "ezweni elisha elihle" lichaza iLondon yesikhathi esizayo. Wonke amazwe omhlaba axhumeke ezweni elilodwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwaphenduka ihlelo, futhi uHenry Ford, umenzi wokuqala wezimoto ezishibhile ezitholakala emphakathini - kuNkulunkulu omusha womphakathi wabathengi.
Abantu emhlabeni, okuchaza i-Huxley, kuhlukaniswe ngokwezifiso zaba yizinkundla. Ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo kuyanqanyulwa, futhi izakhamizi ezintsha ze- "Wiral World" zitshalwe kumashubhu wokuhlola. Amandla ezingane eziphansi izingane zicindezelwe okwamanje esiteji sombungu.
Izakhamizi kusukela zisencane zilungiselela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngokutholwa zazihlala endaweni yazo ohlelweni lwangokwezifiso. "Baphathwa" i-Hypnosis, balungiselelwe ukuphinda, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokwamukelwa okunemibandela kwamanani enkampani.
Enye incwadi edumile ye-Huxley yi- "Monkey kanye nomqondo", okulotshwe ngohlobo lwe-Antiutopia yasePostPalyptic. Umsebenzi "inoveli ku-Novel", ngoba iqala ngokuthi amaBudddies amabili asithola kanjani isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "Monkey kanye noMnyoso", owanqabile inkampani yamafilimu.
Amaqhawe azofunda ukuthi umbhali we-PSSKSTIKILE usanda kushona, kanye namaqiniso athile avela e-Biography akhe angenakuqhathaniswa. Yonke inoveli ngumbhalo walesi simo esiqanjiwe.
"Isimo" sichaza ikusasa lesintu, elicishe lazibhubhisa ngezikhali zenuzi futhi izifo eziwumshayabhuqe zibangelwa ngokwezifiso. Impucuko namasiko agcinwa kuphela eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand, ezasele eceleni kwezinqubo ze-Apocalyptic. Umhlaba wonke ubhema amanxiwa lapho izixuku zizulazula ezixukwini zabantu abanqobayo.
Iqembu leNew Zealand Ososayensi bathunyelwa kuloluhambo olwaluya ogwini lweMelika, ukubala ukuvulwa kwaleli zwekazi. Ngemuva kokutheleleka kwemisebe eMelika, sekuvele izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo nezilwane, futhi abantu abasindile bakha umphakathi omusha wamanxiwa wempucuko.
Ngokusho kwamanoveli "ezweni elisha elihle" ngo-1998, ifilimu noLeonard Nimoeem noPeter Gallaher. Kwenziwe enye ifilimu ngo-1980 nguMqondisi uBert Brintinkerf.
U-Olgese Haxey futhi wabhala cishe amashumi amabili ezindaba nenoveli, phakathi kwazo iKinfia, "umhlengikazi omncane" onesidlo sasekuseni "nabanye.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umfazi wokuqala ka-Oldhos Huxley, uMaria NIS, ekuqaleni wayevela eBelgium. Kuzalwe indodana, eyayibizwa uMathewu. Umfana wafunda eDartington Hell School, kwathi ngo-1937, kanye nomndeni wonke, wasuka e-UK waya e-United States, lapho angena khona e-University of California futhi waba udokotela owesifo odumile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umbono ka-Aldos waqhubeka nokuwa, futhi esinye sezizathu zokuthuthela eLos Angeles iqiniso lokuthi umlobi wabheka ukuthi isimo sezulu saseCalifornia sizuzisa kakhulu impilo yakhe kuneBrithani. Ngokubambisana nomndeni we-Huxley e-US, u-Oddos wathutha, uGerald Gerd.
EMelika, u-Oldel Huxley uya ezingeni elisha lomsebenzi wakhe futhi aqale ukubuza imibuzo ngomqondo womuntu. Kunikezwe isaziso esisha, phakathi kwesazi sefilosofi saseNdiya DZHINDA KRISHUNTUNTI siyanikezwa. Uthando lukaHuxley lokufiphaza, ifilosofi nezindaba ezingokomoya ezivuselelwa ukuxhumana nalo muntu. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwesithakazelo kulezi zihloko, uHuxley ngokwakhe wazibiza nge-agnostic.
Ngo-1953, uHuxley wabamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni okuhambisana nocwaningo lwethonya lezinto ze-Psychotropic ekuqapheleni komuntu. Lokhu kuhlola kanye nesipiliyoni se-Huxley esichazwe kwi-Essay "yomnyango wokubona". Futhi ngokuxhumana kwe-Huxley nomcwaningi owenze isivivinyo, igama elithi "Psychedelic" lalisetshenziselwa okokuqala. Konke lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okusha kuthonye ubuhlakani bukaHuxley.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaMariya ngo-1955, ubudala uHaxley bashada ngokwesibili - osebenza naye, umlobi we-Italian Laure.
Intshisekelo kaHuxley ezifundazweni ezahlukahlukene zokwazi komuntu ibandakanya umlobi kolunye ucwaningo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960. Ngokubambisana nodokotela wezengqondo waseMelika ovelele, uMilton Erickson Huxley wafunda izifundazwe eziguqukile zokwazi, hypnosis kanye ne-trance.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Iningi lemibhalo yesandla ye-Oldew Huxley ifile ngesikhathi somlilo endlini yakhe kungekudala ngaphambi kokushona kombhali. Ingxenye yemibhalo yesandla esisindile igcinwa emtapweni wezincwadi wase-University of Stanford, kanye nengxenye ye-University of California eLos Angeles.
Umculi uStuart Mcmill ngoMeyi 2009 wadala amahlaya ka-Oldhos Huxley "ezweni elisha elihle" futhi "1984" Izwe lethu lanamuhla elifana neNhlangano elifanekiswe yibo bobabili umphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho kuqhathaniswa, kwavela ukuthi umphakathi wethu uhamba ngendlela ehlongozwe yi-Huxley.
Igama le-Essay Huxley ngomthelela weMescaline ukuqwashisa - iminyango yokubona - yanikeza igama leqembu lehlelo likaJim Morrison iminyango.
Ukushona
Imbangela yokufa kwe-Oldhos Huxley isiphenduke umdlavuza we-larynx. Umlobi washona ngoNovemba 22, 1963 eLos Angeles, ngosuku olulodwa nathi uMongameli wase-US uJohn Kennedy.
Ngokwesicelo sikaHuxley, umkakhe wamenza phambi kokufa kwe-LSD, yize odokotela bakhombisa ukubhikisha ngalokhu. Lo mjovo wanikeza umlobi ukuthi afele ngokuzithoba, ngaphandle kokujaha futhi aqhekeze. U-Laura we-Archer's Laura wavuma lokhu ngo-1986 kuphela, lapho exoxa nenkampani yethelevishini yaseBritish BBC.
I-Bibliography
- 1921 - "I-Yellow Gree"
- 1923 - "Schutovskaya Horovod"
- Ngo-1925 - "Lawa maqabunga angenazithelo"
- Ngo-1928 - "I-counterpoint"
- 1932 - "Ezweni Elisha Elihle"
- Ngo-1936 - "Kugobhoza eGaza"
- Ngo-1939 - "Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi"
- 1943 - "Ungayilungisa kanjani umbono"
- 1945 - "Isikhathi kufanele sime"
- 1945 - "Ifilosofi Engapheli"
- Ngo-1948 - "Monkey kanye nomqondo"
- 1952 - "Amademoni Ludensk"
- 1954 - "Iminyango Yokuqonda"
- Ngo-1955 - "Ubuhlakani kanye Nkulunkulu"
- 1956 - "IPharadesi Nesihogo"
- 1958 - "Buyela Ezweni Elisha Elihle"
- 1962 - "Isiqhingi"
Amacaphuna
I-Olderhosa Huxley ingumnikazi wenqwaba yama-aphorisms adumile, ikakhulukazi:
"Futhi kuthiwani uma izwe lethu liyisihogo selinye iplanethi?" "I-Axious: I-Axious: Kuyinto encane kakhulu abayifanele." "Ukugoqa okukufanele." "I-Shit iyenzile Esesibili indawo ngemuva kokuthula, lapho kukhulunywa ngokuzwakalisa okungenakunqotshwa. "" Ebungwini beqiniso - kuhlobene nesiphambeko. "