I-Biograge
Umculi waseSpain uFrancisco Goya, kokubili empilweni, nasemsebenzini wazama ukulandela izimiso eziphakeme kakhulu. Wadala umfanekiso ongokomlando wezwe lakhe, wenza umnikelo omkhulu ku-ART. UGoya ungomunye wamakhosi akhanyayo wesikhathi se-Romanticism. Ubuhlakani bakhe buyimvelo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye izithombe zikaFrancisco zethulwa eHermitage, izithombe zazo zingabonakala kwi-Intanethi.Ubuntwana nentsha
UFrancisco-José de Goya-I-Lusatenes wazalwa ngoMashi 30, 1746 eZaragoza. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa komfana, lo mndeni wathuthela edolobhaneni laseFuendetodos - kwakuyisinyathelo esiphoqelekile, ngoba indlu yaseZaragoz yayingaphansi kokulungiswa.
Lo mndeni wawunomcebo ojwayelekile, uFrancisco wayengomncane kunabo bonke abazalwane: uPerenil Camillo esikhathini esizayo waba umpristi, noTomase, phakathi, wangena ezinyathelweni zikayise waba yinkosi yamapulangwe. Izingane zithole imfundo ye-mediocre impela, uFrancisco osemusha wanikeza ukutadisha endaweni yokusebenzela eLusana-I-Martinez.
Le nsizwa hhayi nje kuphela izifundo zekhono, kodwa futhi yathola nokuhlabelela i-serenade kanye nokwenza izinto ezikhazimulayo zabantu. UFrancisco wayeyinsizwa esheshayo futhi eqhoshayo, eyaba ngesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokubamba iqhaza kwayo njalo ezinhlangeni zasemgwaqweni.
Ngenxa yalokho, wayephoqe ukuthi ashiye lo muzi ukubalekela ekushushisweni okungenzeka eMadrid. Ukusuka kwi-MartininePork Workshop, i-GoYa yahamba ngaphandle kokuzisola okukhethekile. Uthisha akazange azame ukubamba insizwa enethalente, ngoba ngokwakhe wameluleka ukuthi aqhubeke.
Ngemuva kokuhamba, uFrancisco wazama kabili ukufaka i-Art Academy, kepha kusukela ngenhlanhla akazange amamatheke, le nsizwa yazulazula.
Ukupenda
Ngesikhathi sokuzulazula kukaGoya wavakashela eRoma, iParma neNaples. Ngo-1771, uthola umklomelo wesibili we-Parm Academy of Arts. Ngokuqondene neprimiyamu yokuqala, akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngalo namuhla. Kepha le mpumelelo yamvumela uFrancisco ukuba azikholelwe ngokwawo, ngoba uMkhandlu Wezemfundo eMadrid wahlangana buthule umdwebi womculi omncane emiqhudelwaneni nemibukiso.
Lapho ebuyela eZaragozu, uFrancisco wenza ngokupenda, okungukuthi ukupenda kwama-frescoes esonto. Umhlobiso wakhe wesigodlo soMnyango weSigodlo kanye nesonto lika-El Pilar bahlonipha indumiso, eyayiphokophela uFrancisco ofisa ukunqoba inhlokodolobha futhi.
Lapho efika eMadrid, uGoya waqala ukusebenza ngephaneli, edingekayo ekhaphethini leRoyal Holder Pluent.
Hhayi ngaphandle komngane weBangeu ngoJanuwari 22, 1783, uFrancisco uthole i-oda elibalulekile kusuka ku-Count Floridabnca. Umculi ubengakholelwa ngenhlanhla, ngoba ukubhala komfanekiso we-velmazbus ephezulu kwamvumela ukuba aphile kahle. Kepha akukhona konke lokhu - ngenxa yesibalo, owethula umculi emphakathini ophakeme futhi siveza umfowabo omncane, inkosi uDon Luisu, uFrancisco uthola i-oda elisha.
UDon Luis uyalela ukufeza imidwebo yamalungu omndeni wakhe. Ngomsebenzi wakhe, uGuya wathola ama-rerov ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20, futhi unkosikazi womculi wagqoka ingubo ngegolide nesiliva, abiza ama-30 ama-reals ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30.
Ngakho-ke, uFrancisco Goya uba yisithombe seSpain esaziwayo. Ngo-1786, uFrancisco waba nesithakazelo eKarl III, waba ngumdwebi wenkantolo. Ngemuva kokufa kombusi, ophumelele esikhundleni sakhe uKarl IV kwesokunxele uGoyuya ngesikhundla sakhe, wandisa kakhulu uxolo.
Ngo-1795, uFrancisco wakhetha umqondisi wokuhlonishwa kwe-Academy of San Fernando. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, umdwebi wafinyelela esiqongweni somsebenzi - wakhiwa eSan of the Cource Piretter yeNkosi uCharles IV.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umngani kaGoya, umculi uFrancisco Bayeu, wazethula kudadewabo. Ubuhle be-Blonde weJosef kanye ne-Assomaser Arron ngokushesha bathandana ngokushesha. Kepha uFrancisco akazange aphuthume ukushada futhi wanquma ngalesi sinyathelo kuphela ngemuva kwezindaba zokukhulelwa kwentombazane.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi umzalwane wonkosikazi wesikhathi esizayo wayephethe umhlangano lapho umdwebi enza khona. Umcimbi onesizotha wenzeka ngoJulayi 25, 1773. Ingane ezalwe kungekudala ngemuva kokuthi umshado waphila isikhashana. Umlingani wabeletha izingane ezinhlanu, eminye imithombo ikhombisa inombolo enkulu. Kusinda kumfana oyedwa ogama lakhe linguFrancisco Javier Pedro, owaba umculi ngokuzayo.
Lapho nje uGoya eseyindilinga yamantombazane asenkantolo nasezincebelweni, wasekhohlwa ngokushesha. Ngokungafani namakhosikazi amaningi abaculi, lowo oshade naye akazange abeke uFrancisco: wabhala umfanekiso owodwa womkakhe. Le ndlela akunakwenzeka ukuchaza isimo somculi kuye. Naphezu kwalokhu, uFrancisco wahlala egasele ngokufa komlingani ka-1812.
Le ndoda kwakungeyona indoda ethembekile, abanye besifazane babehlala bekhona empilweni yakhe, ngaphezu komkakhe. Ama-aristocrats ama-aristocrats ane-goya abe nama-duchess ama-aristocrats asele ama-aristocrats we-goya. Ngemuva kokujwayelana nentombazane ehlobo lika-1795, kwaqala ukuthandwa kwezothando. Ngonyaka olandelayo, umlingani we-Duchess wasendulo wafa, waya e-Andelasusia. UGoya wahamba naye: bahlala ndawonye izinyanga eziningana.
Kodwa-ke, e-Biography kaFrancisco kwakukhona umcimbi ongathandeki: ekubuyiseleni eMadrid, i-Alba yamshiya umculi, ibheke kuye amasosha eposini eliphakeme. UFrancisco okonile lo mthetho, kepha ukuhlukaniswa kwavela ukuthi kube mfushane - ngokushesha intombazane ibuyele kuye, le noveli yahlala iminyaka engu-7. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi lobu budlelwano buqinisekisiwe yimiphi imibhalo.
Ukushona
Ekwindla ngo-1792, uFrancisco wagula kakhulu ngokuphela kothululwa okuphelele. Futhi le yimiphumela emincane, konke bekungabi kubi kakhulu, ngoba umdwebi wayehlala ezizwa ebuthakathaka, wahlushwa amakhanda, waphelelwa yithemba, futhi kancane waphela amandla futhi isikhathi esithile sakhubazeka. Abaphenyi baphakamisa, le yimiphumela ye-syphilis yethulwe ebusheni. Ukungezwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu empilweni yomculi, kepha akuzange kuphazamise kuye ukunakekela abesifazane.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, isimo salowo mculi saba sibi kakhulu, futhi umdwebo wakhe mkhulu. Ngemuva kokushona kukankosikazi wakhe nomshado wakhe, indodana kaGooyia yahlala yedwa. Ngo-1819, umculi wasuka ezindabeni futhi wathatha umhlalaphansi endlini yezwe "Quint del Sudo". Ukusuka ngaphakathi, upenda izindonga nge-frescoes emnyama, eyayingumbono wokuhlala unesizungu futhi okhathele impilo yomuntu.
Kodwa-ke, ukumamatheka emamatheka eFrancisco, wahlangana noLokadia de Wece. Baphuke inoveli enesivunguvungu, ngenxa yokuthi owesifazane ahlukanise umyeni wakhe.
Ngo-1824, wesaba ukushushiswa kohulumeni omusha, umdwebi unquma ukuya eFrance. Eminyakeni emibili wahlala eBordeaux, kodwa ngolunye usuku wanamathela ezindaweni zakhe zokunambushulo, nganquma ukubuya. Lapho eseMadrid ngesikhathi esiphezulu sokuphendula kwangemva kokuguqulwa, washeshe wabuyela eBordeaux.
Umculi waseSpain washona ezihlotsheni zakhe ezivela kumfazi wazo ezungezwe izihlobo ngobusuku buka-Ephreli 15-16, 1828. UFrancisco usaqhubeka nokubuyela eSpain ngo-1919 kuphela.
Ukusebenza
- 1777 - "Isambulela"
- 1778 - "Umthengisi wezitsha"
- 1778 - "Imakethe yeMadrid"
- 1779 - "Umdlalo ePelota"
- 1780 - "IBull Young"
- 1786 - "I-Brickayer elimele"
- 1791 - "Umdlalo eZhmurki"
- 1782-83 - "Imidwebo yegrafu iFloridabncan"
- 1787 - "Umndeni Wama-Duke of Osuna"
- 1787 - "Imidwebo kaMarquise A. Ponhothos"
- 1796 - "UDkt. Penal"
- 1796 - "Francisco Bayeu"
- 1797-1799 - "Ukulala Ukulala Kunikeza Izilo"
- 1798 - Ferdinand Gui Marda
- 1799 - "La Tirana"
- Ngo-1800 - "Umndeni weKing Charles IV"
- Ngo-1805 - "Sabas Garcia"
- Ngo-1806 - "Isabel A Carp de Porn"
- I-1810-1820 - "Izinhlekelele Zempi" (uchungechunge lwezingcweti ezingama-82)
- Ngo-1812 - "Intombazane ene-jug"
- 1819-1923 - "I-Saturn idla indodana yakhe"
- 1819-1923 - "Inja"
- Ngo-1820 - "Portrait T. Peres"
- Ngo-1823 - "Shabash Witch"
- Ngo-1828 - "Imidwebo kaJosé Pio de Molina"