I-Biograge
Abafowabo uLumiere - "Obaba 'abadumile' bomkhakha wamafilimu waseFrance, owavula umgwaqo oya emhlabeni we-cinema waya esintwini. Basuse amaqoqo efilimu lokuqala futhi bawasakaze esikrinini. I-French SineEmtec igcina amateyipu acishe abe ngu-1800 ahlungwa abazalwane abadumile.Ubuntwana nentsha
ULouis Jean no-Auguste Louis Marie Nicolas Lyumiere bazalelwa eBeSanesPone (France). Ubaba uCharles-Antoine Lumiere wayengumdwebi ochwepheshe, futhi onesifiso sokuthwebula izithombe. Ngo-1870, lo mndeni wathuthela eLyon, lapho u-Augus noLouis bathola iziqu esikoleni sezobuchwepheshe saseLa Martiniere. Ngemuva kokusuka ku-Besançon, uJeanne Josefina Kostil uLumiere wabeletha enye indodana yamadodakazi namadodakazi amathathu.
UCharles-Antoine wavula isitshalo esincane sokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uLouis nomunye wodadewaba basebenza efektri kusukela ekuseni kakhulu kuze kube kusihlwa, uyise womndeni uLyumiere wasongela ukuqothuka. Ngosizo luka-Auguste, owabuya empini, wakwazi ukuthola ukukhiqizwa kwathi ngo-1884 ukuqasha izisebenzi eziyishumi nambili. Ngo-1892, ubaba wakhe waya ekuphumuleni kahle, futhi sonke isimnye sasinabafowethu abangamaLumiere.
Ingqayi
Ngo-1892, uLouis no-Auguste Lumira bathatha ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ezingaphinda ziphinde zisebenze izithombe ezihambayo. Banezinqubo eziningana ezinemibala eminingana, kufaka phakathi ukufana kwamafilimu okusetshenziselwa ukuthutha kanye nokugcina ifilimu, yize ekuqaleni le nqubo yaqaliswa nguMsunguli waseFrance Emil Reino. Ngonyaka ofanayo, kwavela ithuluzi, elinelungelo lobunikazi elibizwa nge- "CinématographE Léon Bouly". Umqondo wokudala "i-cinema" ungowaLeon Bule.
Thuthukisa izinto zokusebenza kwalesi buka uvimbela ukuntuleka kwemali, ngakho-ke ilungelo lomsunguli wedivayisi othengise abazalwane abangamaLumiere. Banelungelo labo uhlobo lwabo ngo-1895. Ifilimu yokuqala yasuswa yathunyelwa ngonyaka ofanayo.
Umbukiso wangasese we-Debul wenzeka ngo-1895, Mashi 22. E "Lomphakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezwe" edolobheni laseParis, abantu abangama-200 babuthana kulo mcimbi. Isihloko esikhulu sengqungquthela enkulu bekuyisithombe sombala, kepha ukunakwa kwababukeli kwahlukaniswa esithombeni esimnyama esimnyama nomhlophe.
I-movie ethunyelwe amadokhumenti athule "aphumayo abasebenzi abavela efektri" bangena endabeni njengefilimu yokuqala eboniswa izilaleli esikrinini esikhulu. Lesi sikweletu senzeka ngoMashi 22, 1895 ngesikhathi sengqungquthela ukuhlonipha ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezithombe eFrance.
Ngale ndlela, kwaba "ukuphuma kwabasebenzi abavela efektri" bekuyilungelo lokuvula iqembu lokuqala elikhokhelwa amafilimu, elibibanjelwe ePapuchin Boulevard ekhasini elingaphansi "Grand Cafe". I-roller encane ayinalo icebo eliyinkimbinkimbi: ofreyimu, abasebenzi abavela esakhiweni baboniswa. Imisebenzi eyalandela yabafowethu baseLumière yayiyizimo ezincane ezivela empilweni yangempela.
Ifilimu elithi "Voltzhing" litshela ngesifundo sokugibela umgede osemusha ozama ukukhuphuka ehhashini.
Isithombe esidume kakhulu sikaLouis no-Auguste Lumes sibhekwa "ukufika kwesitimela esiteshini esihle." Naphezu kwecebo elilula, ifilimu ithandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yomlando wokuphendula izilaleli ngesikhathi seseshini. Kuvidiyo eyodwa okokuqala ngqa, amasu ajwayelekile, aphakathi nelikhulu ngeqembu elinqunyelwe.
Amasayizi wesikrini ahlaba umxhwele futhi ahamba "ehholo" isitimela sasaba izivakashi zeseshini. Umdwebo "Ukufika kwesitimela esiteshini esihle" kungenye ye-Okokuqala okukhiqizwayo. Abafowethu abanomdabu kanye nabanakwabo abajwayele ababambe iqhaza ekuqoqweni. Le filimu yaboniswa ngo-1896.
Ukukhiqizwa kwasetshenziswa ngo-1895 esithombeni esithule se- "Puffal Polyvaler". Ngokombono wokunisela izitshalo, umlimi engaboni umfana-hooligan, owangena kwi-hose. Amanzi amise ukwenza, futhi umlimi ubheka ithiphu le-hose. Umfana ususa umlenze wakhe kanye naye, namanzi anengcindezi eshaya umlimi ebusweni. Uthukuthele, ushesha ngemuva kokugijima i-hooligan.
Iqhaza efilimu likhethe umlimi uFrancois Claire, owayesebenza efeni likaLumen, neNdodana yenye yezinceku. Umfana wabizwa ngokuthi uBenoa Duval. Isakhiwo sefilimu sasiyisisekelo seminye imisebenzi eminingi. Isibonelo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlelo lokunisela "olusebuthobeni" lwalusetshenziswa esiqeshini 'somuntu kusuka eKapuchin Boulevard ".
Ifilimu lesikhombisa kwi-movie ekhokhelwe e-Grand Café yaba yisilima esiyisimungulu 'sokudweba kwengane' ngokuzibandakanya kuka-Ausua, abangane bakhe namadodakazi. Uhlaka lwalo mbhangqwana lupha ingane ku-puon. Le filimu ivele ngo-1895. Indodakazi kaLumiera yavela esithombeni esithi "ukufikelwa izinhlanzi ezibomvu".
Ubude befilimu lefilimu ngalinye elifushane lalingaba ngamamitha ayi-17, futhi isikhathi sokubonisa sasinqunyelwe kumasekhondi angama-50: kuningi kakhulu ukuthi noma yimaphi amafilimu okuqala aqhubeka.
Ukusungulwa okudumezwe, abafowethu abangamaLumiere ngonyaka we-1896 kwaboniswa eLondon, eNew York, eBombay. Ngo-1898, uLouis Lumiere waqhubeka nokubandakanya ukwenza ngcono nokutadisha imishini yefilimu. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuqhubekayo emkhakheni wezithombe ne-cinema ngombala.
Ngo-1903, uLouis Lyomiem wabulungelo ubunikazi be-Authotrom - indlela eyathola ngayo imibala. Ukuhlonipha uLouis Lyumira ngo-1914, i-asteroid yaqanjwa igama. Ukuhlonipha umsunguli, kuneprimiyamu yedokhumenti enhle kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kokusungulwa kwe- "cinema" uqobo uqobo, kukholakala ukuthi abafowethu banomqondo wamafilimu ajwayelekile. Ifilimu lefilimu le-cinema lifaka phakathi umsebenzi omfushane wamashumi amahlanu wezihloko ezihluke ngokuphelele. Enqubweni yokuhlunga, kwavela amasu nezindlela ezintsha. Ngesikhathi seseshini, umculo (i-saxophone noma upiyano) ubelokhu ezwakala ehholo.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi uLouis no-Auguste Lumiera futhi akakwazanga ukucabanga ukuthi yiziphi izikali ezizothatha "cinema" zazo. Babekholelwa ukuthi bekungukuheha okujabulisayo ongakwenza inzuzo.
Ngo-1919, uLouis Lymiere waba yilungu le-French Academy of Science. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ekusebenzeni nabafowethu be-cinema bashiya imisebenzi eyi-1800.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Igama lonkosikazi ka-Auguste Oumber - uMargaret Wincler. Ngokusemthethweni umshado wabhaliswa ngo-1893. Kwazalwa kuzalwa izingane ezimbili emshadweni: ndodakazi u-Andre kanye nendodana kaHenri.
Intombazane yangena emlandweni kuze kube phakade, njengoba ivela kumafreyimu wamafilimu okuqala. Ngo-1914, wabulawa ngumkhuhlane. UHenry ngaphambi kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II waqhubeka nendaba yabafowethu abaseLumiere. ULouis wayeshade nodadewabo kankosikazi ka-Auguste, wavuka.
Ukufa Kwabafowethu AbaseLumiere
Ngo-1948, ngoJuni 6, uLouis Lumiere washona, ngo-Ephreli 10, 1954 - August. ILyon ngumngcwabo womndeni kumathuna amasha we-guillaty.
Ukufa kwabasunguli baseFrance abadumile kuvame ukungabhalwanga ngokuningiliziwe emithonjeni. Ngemuva kokufa, abafowethu abangamaLumiere bashiya ifa elikhulu.
Ngo-1960, inkanyezi e-alley of inkazimulo "iHollywood yavela ngokuhlonipha abasunguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhumbuzo zisungulwa eLyon naseLa Sichote, kanye naseYakaterinburg.
Isikhathi eside, "i-Bank of France" yakhiqiza amabhasikidi ngesithombe sabafowethu abanguLumiere, ngo-1995, ngenxa yokushabalala okungokomlando, ukudilizwa kwezigidi eziyi-17 kwabhujiswa. Lokhu kungenxa yemininingwane engazelelwe ekubambisaneni 'kobaba "be-cinema ngokubusa ngokubambisana kwe-vichy ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II.
Izics
- Ngo-1895 - "Puffer ekhukhumele"
- Ngo-1895 - "Indawo yokusebenzela eLa Cute"
- Ngo-1895 - "Phuma izisebenzi ezivela efektri"
- Ngo-1895 - "Ukudla kwasekuseni kwengane"
- Ngo-1895 - "Ukubamba i-Goldfish"
- Ngo-1895 - "AmaBlacksmiths"
- Ngo-1895 - "Ukugeza olwandle"
- Ngo-1895 - "Ukufika Kwezitimela esiteshini esihle"
- Ngo-1896 - "Umdlalo we-Snowball"