I-Biograge
"Ndodana yenhlangano", "Abamhlophe baya emzuzwa" ku-70-80s, izingane zesikole zaseSoviet zifundekile nale misebenzi ethokozisayo, eboshwe ngomoya weqhawe le-adventure kanye nebuqhawe. Kodwa-ke, umlobi wabo uValentin Petrovich Kataev ungena emlandweni wezincwadi zaseRussia hhayi njengomlobi wezingane. IPeru yakhe ingumnikazi wamanoveli amaningi, izindaba, izindaba - amagugu okubhala weKataeva afaka phakathi kwemisebenzi engaphezu kwe-130.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Biography kaVali Kataeva iqala nge-Odessa yekhulu le-XIX-Ferenight XX Century. Kuleli dolobha elinomsindo waseningizimu emhlanganweni wamakhulu amabili eminyaka, ngoJanuwari 28, 1897, kwazalwa umlobi wesikhathi esizayo. Ubaba uPeter Vasilyevich Kataev, uthisha esikoleni esingokomoya, nomama, indodakazi evamile ka-Eugene Ivanovna Bachi Bachi Bachi betanovna bachi bachi, kusukela ebuntwaneni, amadodana atholile athanda izincwadi nokufunda.
Ukushaya le nkampani yonke impilo, bobabili abafowethu bazinikele ezincwadini: Umfowethu omncane Katava - Zhenya - Waziwa Ngaphansi kwePsegedny Evgeny Petrov njengoMlobi we- "Twelve Chain" e-Tilya Ilfom ( Filezilberg).
Abafana bahlala ekuqaleni kukanina bengashonile ngokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kwesongo. Ubaba, u-OvDov, akasashadi, nokukhulisa izingane kwaqala ukusiza uDade u-Evgenia Ivanovna. U-anti wayenomusa omkhulu, kepha umama akakwazanga ukufaka esikhundleni se-shaft encane. UTrauma kusuka ekulahlekelweni kwahlala emphefumulweni wengane.
Umfana wayefuna umfana ekwakheni. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-9, sekuvele i-gymnasium, waqala ukubhala izinkondlo afunda kuyo yonke indlu, efuna ukwamukelwa. Ukuba mdala, le nsizwa yaqala ukugqoka okubhaliwe ehhovisi lokuhlela selivele lifuna ukuhlolwa kobungcweti. Futhi impumelelo yokuqala yeza kuye ngo-1910, lapho inkondlo "yasekwindla" yaqala ukunyatheliswa encwadini ethi "Odessa Vestnik", bese eminye imibhalo, kubandakanya izindaba kanye nezazi.
Isikhathi eside ukujabulela impumelelo yokudala kataev bekungafanele. Impi yezwe yokuqala yaqala (1914-1918), kwathi ngo-1915, ngaphandle kokuphothula e-Gymnasium, le nsizwa yashiya ivolontiya liye phambili.
Ukulwa
Inkonzo kaKatak yaqala ubuciko obujwayelekile. Kulimale kabili, kwafakwa ubuthi ngamagesi anobuthi, yingakho izwi lakhe lihlala liphela nge-hoarse elikhanyayo. Umlobi wadilizwa esimweni esibi ekwindla ngo-1917 ngemuva kokulimala kabi ethangeni. Ukusuka empini kaKataev, wabuya nemiklomelo: Amabili eSt George Cross kanye ne-oda laseSt. Anne.
Sasingenaso isikhathi sokuthola izintambo zempi yezwe yokuqala, njengoba nempi yasezweni yaphuma ezweni. Lesi sikhathi se-biography valentina kataeva siyaphikisana. Kweminye imithombo kuthiwa kusukela ngo-1919 yalwa ezinhlwini zempi ebomvu, yayala ibhethri le-artillery. Kepha kunenye indlela, ngokusho ukuthi kataev wajoyina "obomvu" ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ekuqaleni kwafakwa amavolontiya embuthweni omhlophe we-general denikin, owaboshwa abaphathi bezokuphepha.
Nokho, impilo yamasosha kaKatas yasinda ngokugcwele futhi yawachaza endabeni yencwadi yempi yombango (1920), le ndaba "baba" (1928).
Into yokufunda
Kusukela ngo-1922, kufika isigaba esisha empilweni kanye nomsebenzi kaKataeva: umlobi usuka e-Odessa eMoscow, usebenza ephephandabeni "lomuntu". Umbuthano wakhe wokuxhumana unamathalenta amaningi alesosikhathi: U-Yuri Olesha, u-Isaac Babel, u-Ilya Ilf, u-Eduard Bagritsky. Bonke, ngemuva kukaKata bathande, bashiye u-Odessa ukunqoba inhloko-dolobha, futhi iphayona elinenhlanhla libasizile.
Inhlanhla enhle yamamatheka ngempela nomlobi omncane. Ithalente lakhe ekugcineni lalibonakala enhlokodolobha. Ukushicilelwa kwendaba ethi "Rastrchiki" (1926), lapho umbhali esendleleni evamile egxeka isihlava senhlalo yalesosikhathi - isabelo semali kahulumeni, siphawulwa ngempumelelo enkulu. UStanislavsky ngokwakhe waphakamisa ukuthi kataev ukugqoka izindaba zendaba. Futhi ngokushesha wadlula emgabeni we-mchat. Futhi i-Quadrature yesibili "Circle Quadrature" yahlelwa eNew York Broadway.
Ngokulandela umfowabo osemdala, uKakaev Jr., uValentin Petrovich waqala ukuzibandakanya endaweni yokubhala.
"Wonke umuntu ohlakaniphile, onekhono angabhala okuthile," kusho yena.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngomfowethu onothando, uKataev uqala ukubhala kwenoveli enobunzima ngamadayimane afihlwe ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa. Umqondo uhlukaniswe nge-evgeny nakwamanye ama-Ilgen Ilfom, ubamema ukuba babhale umdwebo wenoveli, owayezoba ngcono futhi wathuthuka ekushicilelweni.
Ukuthi kulokhu kwaphuma, sekuvele kwaziwa kahle. U-Ilf noPetrov (u-Eugene bathatha i-pseudonym okuthiwa nguYise) babhekane nomsebenzi ngaphandle kokululeka. Inoveli ebhaliwe yaya ezingcaphuno, futhi ekubongeleni kwalolo mbono kwashicilelwa ngokunikezela kweValentina Kataev.
UValentina Petrovich wamiselwe ukudlula izimpi ezintathu. Eminyakeni yeMpi Yezwe I, waphinde wagqoka umfaniswano wamasosha waya phambili. Wasebenza njengombhalo wangaphambili, wabhala ama-Essay, izindatshana, ezithwebulwe izithombe. Indaba ethi "I-Son Regiment" (1945) yaba ngumsebenzi odumile waleso sikhathi: isithombe somlingiswa ophambili weVanya Soltsev sisebenzisa amadlelo abuhlungu ezingane eziningi phakathi neminyaka yempi.
Ingqikithi yezingane kaKataev idlulisa amacala eminyakeni yangaphambi kwempi, lapho ibhala le ndaba ethi "Umlobi we-White Sillely Lonely", lapho umlobi abhapathizwa esimweni sendabuko yakhe ye-Odessa. Kumaqhawe, isilwane kanye noPavlik, ababandakanyeka emjikelezweni we-adventure ngokumelene nesizinda sedolobha elichithwe yinguquko, baqagela ngezici zikaKatheva uqobo kanye nomfowabo uZhenya.
Indaba "I-White Sil Lonely" (1936) ivula ama-tetralogy "amagagasi olwandle amnyama", lapho amanoveli e- "catacombs" (1951) angena emanovo (1956) "nomoya wasebusika" (1960-1961).
Uma "isikebhe" singabizwa kuphela ngokuthi i-autobiographical, khona-ke inoveli "idayimane umqhele wami" abagxeki babizwa ngeMEMOI. Umlobi ngokwakhe akazange avumelane nencazelo enjalo futhi wenqaba ngisho nokuchazwa kohlobo lwenoveli.
"Lokhu kuyindiza yamahhala yenganekwane yami, esekelwe ezenzakalweni zangempela," kusho yena.UKataev usebenza encwadini ngo-1975-77, futhi imicimbi echaziwe ifaka umfundi ezweni lemibhalo le-20s lama-20s.
Umsuka womsebenzi uwukuthi ngesisekelo sangempela sesakhiwo samaqhawe, futhi laba babhali abadumile nezimbongi zombhali - ophindwe ka-pseudomtym. Futhi into entsha ukuthi uKataev wabhala okokuqala ngesitayela esingajwayelekile, uhlobo kanye nokuqondisa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukushiwo okokuqala ngempilo yomuntu siqu yombhali kuhlotshaniswa negama lika-Irina Aleksinskaya. Imizwa yethenda yentombazane ehlala endaweni, yaba uthando lokuqala lwensizwa. Akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngomshado wokuqala kaKatava, kepha umshado wesibili waphenduka wajabula. Ngino-Esteri Brenner, bashada ngo-1931. Umakoti wayeneminyaka engu-18 kuphela ubudala, kataev - 34.
UValentin Petrovich Laskovo wabiza unkosikazi we-Esta. Ngo-1936, lo mbhangqwana wazalwa u-Eugene, kwathi ngo-1938, indodana kaPavlik. Indodakazi uValentin Petrovich athandwayo. UZhenya omncane waba yiPrototype ye-heroine Fairy Tales "TSVETIK-Semizvevenik", "Dudge nePitcher". Indodakazi ka-Eugene's yanikeza abazali umzukulu wokuqala nowokuphela komzukulu.
Ukushona
Sekuvele kukhule kwa-Deep asebekhulile, iKataev yathola umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi ukususa isimila somdlavuza. Kepha imbangela yokufa kwakungeyona i-oncology. Umlobi washona eminyakeni eyi-12 ngemuva kwesifo sohlangothi, ngonyaka wama-90 wokuphila, ngo-Ephreli 12, 1986.
U-Esther Davydovna wasinda wasinda umyeni wakhe iminyaka engama-23. Babephila emshadweni ojabulisayo weminyaka engama-55. Abalingani bangcwatshwa ethuneni elilodwa e-Novodevichy Cemetery eMoscow.
Amacaphuna
"Sengikusola ukuthi ikhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu yomculi iyinkululeko ephelele, ephelele, engenasibindi yezahlulelo zayo" ("Utshani be-Oplivion"). "Phakathi kwabantu bavame ukuvela. Kepha uthando oluqashelwayo nolunothando kuphela lweTotherland lungakwenza kusuka esibindini seqhawe "(" Son Regment ")." Ihlobo liyafa. Ekwindla lifa. Ubusika - ukufa uqobo. Futhi intwasahlobo ihlala njalo. Uhlala ngokungapheli ekujuleni kwento eshintsha njalo, uguqula kuphela amafomu awo "(" Diamond My Moy ")." Umshado omuhle wothando - lokhu kwenzeka kaningi "(" cube ").I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1920 - "edolobheni elivinjezelwe"
- 1925 - "I-Erendorf Island"
- 1926 - "Izulu"
- 1927 - "Circle Quadrature"
- 1928 - "Isitolo SoMnyango"
- Ngo-1931 - "Izingqungquthela eziyizigidi"
- Ngo-1931 - "Avangard"
- 1932 - "Isikhathi, phambili!"
- Ngo-1936 - "I-White Sil Lonely"
- 1940 - "I-Flower-7,"
- 1940 - "Dudge nePitcher"
- 1940 - "Usuku Lokuphumula"
- 1943 - "Ukugoqwa okuluhlaza"
- Ngo-1944 - "Indlu kaBaba"
- 1945 - "I-Son Regiment"
- 1956 - "IHortook Esitebhisini"
- 1956 - Icala "Icala Ngobuhlakani"
- Ngo-1961 - "Umoya Wasebusika"
- Ngo-1961 - "I-Catacombs"
- 1978 - "IDayimane Moen"
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi ye-PROSE e-40, kufaka phakathi izinganekwane nezimo, zavikelwa. Odume kakhulu - "Umkhumbi omhlophe onesizungu" (1937), "amagagasi olwandle amnyama (1975)," I-Son Regiment "(1981).