I-Biograge
"Kwaphela iminyaka emibili ngingqongqoze iminyango eyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu."Ngakho-ke inkosi yakwaYurophu umpheme kaJakobe waxoshwa ngomsebenzi wakhe womphakathi othengisa i-encyclopedia yezingane zesikole. Ngemuva kwalokho wayeneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, naphezu kwentando kaYise waphonsa umfundi wezilwane wezilwane, futhi ozakwabo bezincwadi bamazi ngaphansi kwegama langempela - uRene Reimond.
Kepha ukusondela kwemibuthano yokubhala kanye ne-kaleidoscope engapheli yabantu kanye nezinhlamvu lapho uRene athola khona, bezama ukuthengisa izincwadi, benza umsebenzi wabo. Ku-32, wakhipha inoveli yokuqala: umphenyi "Awekho ama-orchid for miss blundish" agcwalise amazinga wabathengisi. Ubuqambi bathakazelelwa ngumbhali wezincwadi, futhi ngokushesha umhlaba wonke wambona ngaphansi kwegama uJames he hedeley wajaha. I-Bibliography yombhali iqukethe amanoveli angama-93, owokugcina kwawo owaphuma unyaka ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe.
Ubuntwana nentsha
URene Reimond wazalelwa enhlokodolobha yeGreat Britain ngo-Eva kaKhisisimusi wama Katolika ka-1906. Uyise, isosha langaphambili lamabutho asebukhosini eNdiya, ngaleso sikhathi labela phansi esikhundleni salo senziwa sabenza isayensi. UFrancis Reimond ngaphambi kuka-1912 walingisa i-Bengal Veterinary College, wabe esesungula ilabhorethri yocwaningo.
UFrancis waphupha ukuthi indodana yakhe izokhetha umsebenzi wesayensi. URena wanikwa ukutadisha esikhungweni semfundo esidala kunazo zonke ezweni - isikole sasebukhosini eRochester, sasungulwa ngo-604 ngabefundisi. Esikoleni esiphakeme, ngokwesekwa ngubaba, le nsizwa yathatha ama-bactekeliology - ukutadisha amarabi, awachitha, afuna uhambo oluya eCalcutta, futhi eneminyaka engu-18 washiya indlu.
Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wesayensi kaRenee wawungenzeki. Ukuphonsa ukuqeqeshwa, wasebenza ngokushesha njengomabhalane osebhange, wabe eseqasha ukuhweba ngezincwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe yayihlanganisa ukuthengiswa kwekota ye-encyclopedia yezingane eyenziwe ngu-Arthur Mi. Ukwazi ububanzi obubanzi babathengi banikeze igalari engapheli yezinhlamvu kumlobi wesikhathi esizayo, futhi okuhlangenwe nakho kwaKhe kuye kwafakwa futhi kubalingiswa abasebenza kwezohwebo "kusuka emnyango."
Into yokufunda
Ukufundwa okuqashiwe, ukuqaphela okuthandwa kakhulu kwezithameli, uReymond wembula i-niche ethembisayo ekuqaliseni okubhaliwe - izindaba eziningi ze-gangster. Inoveli yokuqala - "Azikho ama-orchid for miss blundish" - Wakha ngezimpelasonto eziyisithupha nje ngo-1939. Angikaze ngenzeke embhalweni wase-US, imicabango yawo inwebeka le ndaba yeqembu likaMamash Barker namadodana, yabhala incwadi, isebenzisa amakhadi kuphela nezichazamazwi ze-slang.
Umkhiqizo wokudabuka ngaso leso sikhathi waba ngumbumbulu, futhi ngokushesha lapho i-Reimond eneminyaka engu-32 ithola umnikelo wokuvumelanisa nombhalo ozokwenza eLondon West Extere. UGeorge Orwell uphendule ngokukhishwa kwenoveli, ukwazisa okusha ngesilinganiso sokuziphatha. Ugcizelele ukuthi incwadi ethi "American" kusukela lapho umbono hhayi nje kuphela ulimi, kodwa futhi nezindinganiso zokuziphatha ezivumela ukulungiselelwa kobudlova.
Umlando we-Miss Ofrate Blundish Rene Rene Revene ushicilelwe ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym, enikezwe kakhulu igama lombhali waseMelika kunegama langempela nesibongo. Ngaphambi kwempi, abanye abaseshi abaseshi abahlanu abadalwa uJames babeholwa ngokuxoshwa. Ngo-1941, umbhali wajoyina amazinga e-UK Air Force Pilots. Ngo-1944, kwaxoshwa kwinkonzo esesimweni sezindiza ezinkulu.
Kuze kube ngu-1945 kwahlelwa lo magazini weRoyal Air Force, kwathi ngo-1946 wasiza ukushicilela i-anthology "yeSlipstream". Igama ekuhumusheni lisho indawo yokucindezela encishisiwe, eyenziwe ngemuva kwendiza. Izimali ezivela ekuthengisweni kweqoqo ziye e-UK Air Force Force Fund.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isibuko sikaRammond "esibukweni esisekamelweni 22" sangena kwi-anthology. Umlobi washiya i-Gangster Theme yeGangster futhi wagxila ekufihleni imfihlakalo, echaza isibuko esingaqondakali, lapho umuntu ongamaziyo eboniswa khona ngezikhathi ezithile. Izakhi zemfihlakalo ziqukethe i-Romani yokuqala eshicilelwe "miss Shamway ikhulisa i-wand magic".
Ukushiya insizakalo e-Aviation, uJames Chase ubhala ezinye izincwadi ezimbalwa, ezisekelwe ezindabeni ze-gangster, kepha ngemuva kwenoveli yeshumi kwi-bibliography - "Izici ze-Blondes" - inquma ukubhekisa esihlokweni sobugebengu beLondon. Mhlawumbe kunomthelela kuleli cala elawulahlekile. Ngokwemithetho yoMlobi waseMelika uRamond Chandera, iNkantolo ibona ukuthi unecala lokwephula amalungelo obunikazi - ukuphrinta kutholakala kuma- "afunwayo ama-blondes". Ukuxosha amabhilidi ukuletha ukuxolisa komphakathi.
Ngokwalokhu, isizathu esifanayo noma enye incwadi ethi "Amadoda Abulawa Kakhulu", umlobi ushicilela isibonelelo se-UMBOZ ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym entsha. Futhi, izincwadi zishicilelwa ngaphansi kwegama uRemonta Marshall. Ngo-1948, ukuqhubeka komphenyiso ngokuthunjwa kwe-Miss Blundish "Orchid yenyama". URene Reimond uba ngomunye wababhali baseYurophu abathela kakhulu: izincwadi ezi-3-4 zishicilelwa ngonyaka.
Ngo-1951, kuvela inoveli "futhi impilo imfushane kakhulu, isenzo esenzeka ePost-War Great Britain. Lesi sakhiwo sihlanganiswa ngomugqa wothando phakathi komlingiswa ophambili - umthwebuli wezithombe ongathandeki - nesela elingenamikhawulo, elilungele yonke into ngemali. Le ncwadi yaphuma ngaphansi kwe-pseudonymtyrm raymond marshall.
Ukudideka kweziza zikaJames Chase kudonsela ama-cinema. Uhlu lwezihlangu lubuyiselwa kanye nefilimu yethelevishini kusuka kuchungechunge oluntathu "Mirage", kudutshulwe e-USSR encwadini ethi "umhlaba wonke ephaketheni lakho." Isithombe sika-Andris Berzins siphuma ngo-1983. Ngokungafani nomthombo wokubhala owenziwe eminyakeni engama-24 edlule, ifilimu ephathelene nabaqoqi beGinny Gordon iqukethe umongo wezenhlalo.
Ngo-1960, umbhali uhambela eMpumalanga Ekude. Kuhlatshwe umxhwele ukubonwa, lapho ebuyela eYurophu, wakha amanoveli weLotus for Miss Kwon no "ibhokisi lebhokisi kusuka eHong Kong". Ngasikhathi sinye, umphenyi "Western", ozovikelwa eHollywood ngemuva kweminyaka engama-38. Intatheli esolwa ngokungafanele kwi-Criminal Drama "Palmetto" izodlala uWoody Harrelson, futhi inkampani izokwenza u-Elizabeth Shu, uGina Gershon bese kuthi ekuqaleni komlingisi we-Chloe Sevigny.
Eminyakeni yama-60s, uJames Chase kwakha amanoveli angama-20, kufaka phakathi "i-Vulture iyabekezela". Esesangweni, iqembu labaphangi lizokweba indandatho yeBorgia nomnikazi ocebile we-marion, indlu yakhe etholakala ekujuleni kwehlathi lase-Afrika. Umlobi wagcina isigqi sakhe somsebenzi kuze kube sekufeni kokufa, ededela izincwadi ezi-1-2 ngonyaka.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UJames Chase washada esinye isikweletu. Umshado noSilvia Rey waphetha lapho eneminyaka engama-25. Umbhangqwana waphakamisa indodana yakhe. Ngo-1956, umlobi wahambisa umndeni waya eFrance, kwathi eminyakeni engu-13 kamuva wathutha nomkakhe eSwitzerland. Bahlala eduze kwechibi iGeneva.
Incwadi ethi "intatheli Cade" umbhali wanikezela umngane womshado. Embhalweni wokuqalisa, wayibiza ngokuthi "umkakhe, umhumushi, umshayeli kanye nesandla sakhe sokudla" futhi waphawula umusa nokuqonda okwamukele impilo ngokuhlanganyela noSylvia.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Umbhali akagcinanga ukulalela umculo we-classic, kodwa futhi wayehlala evakashela opera. Futhi okunye okuphakathi kokubhala kwezincwadi Chase kwagcwalisa ukuqoqwa kwamamodeli amamodeli we-meccano.
Ukufa kukaJames Chaise
Inkosi yomseshi waseYurophu yafa ngoFebhuwari 1985 ekhaya e-Ascona (Switzerland). Wayeneminyaka engama-78 ubudala. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni amadolobha, lapho amathuna kaJakobe uJoyce noThomas Mann bakhona.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1939 - "Azikho ama-orchid for miss blundish"
- Ngo-1939 - "Akasasidingi"
- 1940 - "I-12 Chinese nentombazane"
- Ngo-1941 - "UMiss Celagan ugeleza osizini"
- Ngo-1944 - "UMiss Shamway wagawula i-wand magic"
- 1945 - "EVA"
- 1948 - "I-Orchid Yenyama"
- Ngo-1950 - "Mallory"
- 1951 - "Kepha impilo imfushane kangako!"
- 1954 - "Kusihlwa ukuphuma endlini"
- Ngo-1957 - "Isikhumbuzo kusuka ku-" Musketeer Club "
- 1959 - "Umhlaba wonke ephaketheni lakho"
- Ngo-1962 - "Ibhokisi LaseHong Kong"
- Ngo-1966 - "Intatheli yeCade"
- Ngo-1974 - "Izinhlanzi zegolide Akukho lapho ukucasha khona"
- 1982 - "Ukufa Kwahambisana nabo"
Amacaphuna
Abantu bayayithanda izoni eziphendukayo. Bahlabeke umxhwele kakhulu kunamaqhawe. Konke kufanelekile amaphupho nethemba lokuphila ngakho konke izindleko. Izidalwa ezihlekisayo, awusoze wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uzilindele kuzo. Bashintsha imizwa kaningi kunomsila we-lizard. Angilithandi i-lizard uma ngabesifazane bengaphambi kwazo.-Vikayo
- 1983 - "I-Mirage" (kwinoveli "Umhlaba wonke ephaketheni lakho")
- Ngo-1990 - "Kubhekwe njengengozi" (ngokuya ngenoveli "eduze kwekhefu")
- 1992 - "Amakhasino" (kwinoveli "Ngakho-ke, isithandwa sami ...")
- Ngo-1992 - "Sniper" (kwi-Novel "Bullet ebunzini")
- 1998 - I-Palmetto (kwinoveli "Western")