I-Biograge
U-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin ngokwazini wakuthanda imisebenzi kaGabriel Derzhavin. Ngaphezu kwezincwadi, e-biography kaGabriel Romanovich, umsebenzi kahulumeni, ukuthembeka kwi-Empress kanye nengoma engekho emthethweni yombuso kwakukhona.Ubuntwana nentsha
Imbongi nesifo esizalelwa esifundazweni saseKazan ngo-1743. Usuku lokuzalwa lwenzeka ngoJulayi 14 ngesitayela esisha. Uhlobo lwama-Dervicians luvela kuTatar Mustim Bagrim. Ngokusho kwenganekwane yomndeni, ukhokho wangena kwisikhulu seNkosana ebumnyama emigqeni ye-horde yegolide ngekhulu le-x.
Ishintsha inkolo, i-horde yangaphambili, igama elithi ilya, lapho libhapathizwa, labhapathizwa. Kusuka kwelinye lamadodana ka-Ilya - Amandla - kanye negatsha lesikhumba saseGabriel Romanovich kwenzeka.
Umndeni waseDerzhavini akazange ashise. Ubaba, oyisikhulu esihlokweni esihlonishwayo sempilo yesibili enkulu, yokuhamba kokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokudalwa kweNdodana yeNdodana kwakulele emahlombe kamama kaFekla noRereevna. Kwakunzima kowesifazane ukunikeza imfundo efanelekile. Ekuqaleni, umfana wafunda lo mthethosivivinywa, ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala nokubhala ekhaya. Othisha bokuqala bekukhona abefundisi.
Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, umfana ungena esikoleni se-boarding e-Orenburg, engahlukaniswanga inkazimulo yokuqeqeshwa osezingeni eliphakeme. Noma kunjalo, ngemuva kwezifundo ezitholakele, uDerzhavin uzoqala ukukhuluma isiJalimane. Bambalwa kamuva, lo mndeni wathuthela eKazani, le nsizwa yaqhubeka nokufunda i-Gymnasium.
I-Gymnasium yayithandwa ngobuciko obubukwayo nobunjiniyela abaphumelele kuyo. Lapha, osemusha wahlangana nomsebenzi wezimbongi uMikhail Lomonosov, u-Alexander Sumarov, Vasily Trediakovsky. Le nsizwa ngokwayo ithatha ipeni ezandleni zayo futhi yazama amabutho ezinkondlweni. I-pancake yokuqala yaphenduka igumbi, i-syllable ayiphumelelanga impela, kodwa yaphenduka uMkhandlu.
Ngo-1762, imfuneko yeTrojannivsky Attover yafika e-PereBrazhensky Regiment, insizwa imele ezempi. UGabriel Romanovich ngokwakhe wacubungula le minyaka esebuthweni elibi kakhulu empilweni yakhe yonke. Ukungabi nesikhathi sokuqala, amasosha amabutho ahlelwa kabusha eCerzhavin ebambe iqhaza ngayo nabo bonke abanogada. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Ekaterina II yayisesihlalweni sobukhosi.
Okwesifo esisha, impilo yamasosha ayizange ibe lula. Ekuqaleni, kwakudingeka ukuba bahlanganyele amaBarracks namasosha, isikhathi esigabeni sezinkondlo noma isayensi bekusweleka kakhulu. UGabriel Romanovich wayengenabavakashi abasezingeni eliphakeme, ngakho-ke washukunyiswa kancane. Imbongi yesikhathi esizayo kwadingeka ukuthi ibuze ngokubhala ngokunyuka kuka-Alexey Orlov, ubeka i-acress kwi-Empress. Isicelo sanelisiwe, futhi umnyango omkhulu wathola i-chin capral, wathuthela ejele lamaphoyisa. Kepha ngaleso sikhathi, uDerzhavin wathwalwa yi-kits nomdlalo wekhadi.
Ngo-1770, lo mkhosi wanquma ukusuka ekuphileni okugcwele, kwathi ngo-1772 waheha ukucindezela i-pugachev bunth.
Into yokufunda
Umsebenzi wokuqala, oshicilelwe ekuphrintiwe ngo-1773 futhi ungowasePeru Derzhavin, kwakuwumshado ovuthayo weGrand Duke Paul Petrovich. Ekuqaleni, imbongi yakha isitayela sikaLomonosov. Ngeshwa, uGabriel Romanovich akakwazanga ukuphinda indlela "yomoya" yokuqamba uMikhail Vasilyevich.
Kungekudala, kulandela abangane babangane abanolwazi kakhulu emsebenzini wokubhala, uDerzharatin wakhetha isampula le-ODA. Ngokusho koMdali, umsebenzi oyinhloko womlobi ukuKhanyiselwa kwezinto ezinhle nokwakhiwa kwezindaba ezimbi.
Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi yenkondlo yanyatheliswa ngaphandle kwesiginesha eSt Petersburg Bulletin. Ukukhanya kwabona "ukhiye", "ababusi nabahluleli". Kodwa-ke, izinkondlo zezinkondlo ezinhle nezinkondlo ezenza uDerzhavin aziwa phakathi kwababhali, kepha hhayi phakathi komphakathi.
Igama likaGabriel Romanovich liduma ngemuva kokuwabhalela kuFelitsa, obhidliza uCatherine. Ngezinkondlo ezinomdlandla, imbongi ithole ibhokisi le-Empret, embozwe amadayimane, lapho ama-500 ama-chersens ayelele khona.
Emva kwalokho, izinkondlo "zempophoza" zanyatheliswa "ku-interlocutor", "umbono uMursza", "uNkulunkulu". I-ODA yokugcina yaba ngumqhele wobuhlakani uGabriel Romanovich, futhi imbongi ngokwakhe yaqala phakathi kwalezi zithombe nezithombe. Bonke ababhali badale amakhulukhulu emisebenzi akha izincwadi ezihlangene eziyishumi nambili. Iqiniso elihehayo yindlela elula yeDerzhavin empilweni yansuku zonke.
Ngo-1815, i-Tsarskoyel Lyceum isivele yaziwa njengombhali owaziwayo. Lapho kumangaza abafundi, umbuzo wokuqala, owabuzwa umbhali wezinkondlo ze-Sublime, ubesemayelana nendawo yendlu yangasese. By the way, i-lyceum edume kakhulu futhi enethalente i-alceum alexander uSygeevich Pushkin wabheka kahle izinkondlo. Umsebenzi "Ngiyisikhumbuzo sami sakha okungalungile" okubhalwe nguye ngokwesampula "yesikhumbuzo" seDerzhavin.
Iqiniso elinokwethenjelwa uthando lweDerzhanin ukuze lube yiProtic Propese. Umlobi wabhala imisebenzi, ubanikeze ukuthamba okukhethekile, bezama ukukhipha amagama avela embhalweni ngemisindo ye- "P". Ngasikhathi sinye, uGabriel Romanovich wakhetha ukuthi indalo yakhe yafundwa emphakathini wezintokazi.
Kuyiqiniso, ikakhulukazi iDerzhanin yahlanganyela ebuhlotsheni obukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kwinani lokufeza okungokoqobo, iculo elingakahleleki loMbuso WaseRussia "ukunqoba ukuduma, ukusabalalisa!" Umculo wabhala u-Osip Kozlovsky.
Ipolitiki
Ngaphezu kwezincwadi, uGabriel Romanovich wabandakanyeka eMsebenzini kahulumeni. Ngemuva kokwesula isikhathi eside ngo-1777, uDerzhavin unikezwe abeluleki basekolishi futhi wathola imiphefumulo engama-300 yabalimi eBelarus. Ngo-1780, lesi sikhulu siwela eSenate, kodwa ukuqondile kweDerzhavin kanye nobude ezinqumweni ezinikezela nge-Unicman enezingane.
Ngo-1783, ukuba yilungu le-Imperial Russian Academy, imbongi yahlanganyela ekuhlelweni kwesichazamazwi sokuqala esihlakaniphile.
Ngo-1784, kwaqokwa umbusi we-Olonetsky Vicarity, futhi kusukela ngo-1786 kuya ku-1788 ukhonza inhloko yamanani entengo eTambov. Isifundazwe safakwa kuhlu phakathi emuva. Esikhathini esifushane, umbusi omusha wakwazi ukukhulisa udumo lwensimu ephathisiwe. Esokuqala esifundazweni sama-typpography, isikole, isibhedlela, indawo yokuhlala kanye nemidlalo yaseshashalazini.
Kusukela ngo-1791, uDerzhavin ubuyela enhlokodolobha, enkantolo yaseCatherine. Isikhundla sikaNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa soMbuso WaseRussia, ahlala kuwo ngo-1802- 1803, waba ngumqhele womsebenzi wezepolitiki weNoblengeman.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, uGabriel Romanovich wasungula wathola ithuba lokuzinikezela ngokuphelele ekubukeni okubhaliwe. Ukuxazulula impahla yesifundazwe saseNovgorod, imbongi ibamba izinsuku zokubhala izinkondlo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umlingani wokuqala wembongi ngo-1778 kwaba yi-ekaterina yakovlevna bastidon. Omunye umfazi osemusha, eneminyaka engama-34 ubudala, uCatherine ushone ngokuzumayo wangcwatshwa emathuneni ama-Lazarevian eSt. Petersburg.
UDerzhavin usevele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva washada futhi. Kulokhu, uDaria Alekseevna Dyakova, owayephila kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe waba ngabakhethiweyo. Bobabili abafazi bephepha lembongi lembongi emisebenzini.
Izingane zomdabu zazingenasifundazwe, kepha umshana nezingane zakini zaseDerzhanin, uPeter Lazarev, zakhuliswa emndenini onakekela umndeni. Elinye lamadodana - UMikhail Lazarev, kamuva wavula i-Antarctica, engumthandi onethalente.
Ukushona
Ngo-1816, sekuvele ngesikhathi sekhambi, imbongi edumile yaseRussia yashona esendlini yayo esifundazweni saseNovgorod.
Ithuna likaGabriel Romanovich kanye nonkosikazi wakhe, owashiya impilo ngo-1842, utholakala esontweni laseVarlaamo Khutyn eduzane naseVeliky Novgorod.
Amacaphuna
Lezi zindaba zivame ukwehluka lokho, njengokuqanjwa kwesikhathi esedlule. Kukhona kuphela amandla, ukuphenduka kothile. Akukho mphakathi. Akukho mphakathi ezingezona ezinye izakhamizi ezingabanye okufanele zikhule, zishukumise futhi ziqondiswe uthando ngeNdlulisa. Kumele athande izwe liphile, ayithulule laba ngaphansi kwalo futhi abe yisibonelo kulo lonke izwe. I-Syll izohlala imbongolo, yize kukhona ukuguquka kwezinkanyezi zakhe; lapho kufanele khona ngengqondo. izindlebe.I-Bibliography
- 1798 - "I-Derzhavin Communion"
- UDerzhavin Gabriel Romanovich "uyasebenza. U-Ed. YA. GROTT in 9 Volumes"
- 1933 - "Derzhavin G. R. Poem"
- 1957 - "Izinkondlo G. R. Derzhavina"
- 1980 - "Inkondlo. PROSE. (G. R. Derzhavin)
- 1984 - "Izintandokazi prose. (G. R. Derzhavin)"