I-Biograge
"Bashiye izindaba eziningi kunomculo."Akukaze kube khona noma ngubani ongaba mfushane futhi omfushane ngokwengeziwe kunokugxuma kokugxekwa marcus, chaza umphumela wezibhamu zocansi ezikolweni zomhlaba. Iqembu laseBritish Punk lalikhona iminyaka emithathu, liqophe okuwukuphela kwe-albhamu engeyona i-vocal ehle kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye inqume ukuqondiswa kokuthuthukiswa komculo odumile kwamashumi emiculo adumile amashumi emiculo adumile azophambili.
Imibhalo yezingoma, imiculo enolaka, ihlathi lendlela yokusebenza ebukhali yabahlanganyeli beqembu - konke lokhu bekungumbhikisho, okukude bekulokhu kusatshalaliswa. Ama-pistols wezocansi ama-radicalism kwakuyisimo esingesiko lakini kakhulu ngokwezenhlalo, futhi lesi sibalo sanikeza umhlaba weqembu elidume endaweni ephansi ngokusemthethweni.
Umlando wendalo nokwakheka
Enye indlela yokuxoxa indaba yezibhamu zobulili ukuqala nge-London Designer Statis Store Stock Ngo-1971, wavula umklami wakhe uMalcolm Maclaren kanye nomngani wakhe nozakwethu uVivien Westwood. Uqashwe ngemibono ye-sitialiayitionalism, eyayisekelwe embhikishweni wokubonisa ngokumelene noCwancism, uMcLaren udala izinto zokulwa noTeddy, eziphikisana nasemphakathini wendabuko. E-USSR, i-analogue yale subculture yayiyizitayela.
Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, abaqambi bashintsha uhla lwe-biker nezinto ezi-rocker, kanye nenganekwane "ngokushesha kakhulu ukuhlala, naku-toongo, ukufela ebhodini. I-boutique evuselelwe iphenduka indawo yentsha engahlelekile. Phakathi kwezivakashi ezijwayelekile yizona ama-novice Musicians Steve Jones noPawulu bapheka. Sebevele bengunyaka njengoba kuneqembu labo i-strand, lapho, khona, ngaphandle kwawo, ukudlala futhi ujwayelene nesikole i-Wallenenell.
Impumelelo ekhethekile yalezi zinsuku ezingama-365 iqembu ayifinyeleli, kwathi ngo-1974, uJones uthatha ukukhushulwa. Njengoba isitolo sikaMcLaren singenye yalezo zindawo lapho kuqoqwa khona izilaleli eziqondiwe zeqembu, uphendukela kumnikazi we-boutique.
Ukubona abaculi abasebasha lapho bebhekene nabaculi abasebasha ukuze babone isifiso sokuncishiswa kanye nemibhikisho, uMcLaren uba ngumphathi we-strand, okuzoqanjwa kabusha ngezibhamu zocansi.
Ngosizo loMklami eqenjini ujoyina i-Bassist Glen Mattle, eyayisebenza eBoutique, kepha yathola imfundo ekhethekile eSt Martin's Art College. I-MCLAREN ebusika eliseduzane liphethe izifundazwe. Ukubuyela ezweni lasentwasahlobo yango-1975, waphefumulela umsebenzi nonodoli abasha baseNew York, enquma ukudala iqembu elivuselelayo ngokulinganayo eLondon, futhi umucu uba yinto yokuhlola.
IMamelaren ivusa ukuhamba kukaNyatingale, ikholisa uJones ukuthi athathe amaqembu e-Guitar kuye futhi aqale ukusesha i-Vocalist. Ngemuva kwama-uvoti ahlukahlukene anqatshiwe, umklami wacela ukulalela iphephandaba elineminyaka engu-19 ubudala, elihlangane esitolo. UMcLaren waheha ukubukeka: isikibha esidwetshiwe ngombhalo "ngiyazonda i-pink floyd", eluhlaza, ngihlanganisa izinwele nokubukeka okuhlanyayo. UJohn Lidon - ngakho-ke wabiza le nsizwa - wafuna ukucwaningwa kwe-pub.
Sihlabelele inselelo ngaphansi kwe- "agnoniment" yomshini womculo, owadlala esinye sezingoma zika-Alice Cooper. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi osolwa kamuva, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuyithatha eqenjini. Ngakho-ke i-vocalist johnny ivele yavela njengengxenye yeqembu. I-pseudonym yenzeka kwigama lesidlaliso elidilizwe umhlanganyeli omusha noSteve Jones ngenxa yamazinyo agula amaLidon (ngesiNgisi "abolile" asho ukuthi "okubolile").
Igama elidumile livele ekuweni kuka-1975. Ngaleso sikhathi, iMcLaren Boutique ibivele yabizwa ngocansi futhi ekhethekile ezimpahleni zemfashini ye-fetish. Njengoba umphathi weqembu ephawula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wayefuna igama leqembu lasho nengozi, nokuheha. NgoNovemba 6, izibhamu zocansi zanikeza ikhonsathi yokuqala ekolishi elibizwa ngeSt. Martin, lapho kwakufundwa khona umdlali we-bass. Lolu suku iphuzu lereferensi ye-biography esemthethweni yeqembu le-punk.
Ngemuva konyaka nesigamu, lapho leli qembu laqala ukwaziwa e-UK nakwamanye amazwe, i-quartet ishiye isiginci se-bass kanye nombhali 10 kwezingoma eziyi-12 ukusuka kuma-pistols we-albhamu kuphela we-albhamu glols GlenLos GlenL Glen Mattlock. Ngokusemthethweni, uMcLaren umemezele ukuthi wasusa umhlanganyeli ngenxa yokuthanda kwakhe emculweni - okuthiwa u-Matlock wayengubani "uBeatles" fan.
I-bassist uqobo yagcizelela enguqulo yokubuka kuqala esihlalweni sayo. Efilimu elidonsayo 2000 "ukungcola kanye nokufutheka, okuyinto ithempeli laseGiulian athathe, kusho ukuthi imbangela yayibudlelwano obunzima phakathi kwe-matlock futhi yabolile.
Kuholele ku-LED endaweni ekhululiwe, okubolile kwaletha umngane ekolishi lobuciko be-Headey Side Vishez. Igama lamanje le-novice lalinguJohn Simon Richie, kepha izibhamu zocansi vocalist zamthanda ukumbiza ngegama lesidlaliso. UVishez wayevele ejwayelene nabo bonke abanye iqembu ngenxa yemihlangano esitolo seMaklaren, kanti uVivien Westerwood waze wanikela ngo-malcolm ukuthatha izwi lakhe, futhi engabolile.
NgoMashi 1977, ama-vish aqala ukuwela neqembu. Abahlanganyeli bezocansi ababambiqhaza baletha ukudumazeka: Umuntu omusha wadlala ngokungananazi. Kepha isenzo sakhe, ukubukeka okuvusa inkanuko kanye ne-hooligan abathandwayo kahle emfanekisweni weqembu. UMcLaren wanquma ukushiya i-bassist eqenjini, yize embhalweni we-albhamu evishies ukubamba iqhaza kwangemukele.
Ngo-1978, ngemuva kohambo lwamadolobha ase-US, leli qembu lahlukana. Kamuva, iqembu laphinde lahlangana kaninginingi ukuvakasha noma amakhonsathi amakhulu. Njengengxenye yesitezi sokupheka, uSteve Jones, uJohnny wabola.
Umculo
Enkulumweni yokuqala ekolishi, lapho uMatlock afundwa khona, iqembu lalingenalutho ngaphandle kwalo. Amathuluzi abolekele eqenjini lamatshe, lapho enza khona; I-repertoire yakhiwa yimikhombe edwaleni nasezingeniso ze-roll izingoma zeshumi leminyaka edlule. Kepha abathathu kuphela ababecula: abanikazi bamathuluzi, bebona ukuthi baphendukela kanjani kwabasanda kufika endaweni yesehlakalo, bacisha ugesi ukuphazamisa i-vakhanalia.
Abaculi bezocansi ama-pistols azofutheka, kepha banikela. Ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, iqembu lanikeza amanye amakhonsathi amahlanu ezikhungweni zemfundo zaseLondon. Ingoma yokuqala ye-repertoire yakhe iba "ingenamuntu". Izinto zokukhangisa zenzelwe iqembu. Kusukela ngo-1976, iqembu elisha liqala ukwenza emakilabhini, futhi i- "Club" 100 "iba yiplatifomu eyinhloko. Inani elijwayelekile lezivakashi ezingama-50-60 nabaculi bakhuphuka kubavakashi abangama-600-700. Akukho ukujikeleza kuma-TV kanye nomsakazo wezocansi onqobayo ukwamukelwa endaweni engaphansi komhlaba.
Impumelelo inentshisekelo kwezintatheli. Ehlobo lika-1976, inkulumo yeqembu elinomqondo odumile "ongenangqondo ku-U.K.Ke." Ukuhumusha omunye wemisele yaseBrithani. Umbhalo kaBuddy, ongenayo wokubulawa, umbono ongenalutho wabaculi - konke lokhu kubanjwa ukunakwa kwabezindaba kuya kwezibhamu zocansi. Abagxeki babhalwa ngabo, iqembu lifaka amanye amaqembu, iqembu le-punk linikeza ikhonsathi eParis futhi libambe iqhaza emkhosini wokuqala we-punk, ohambisana "neklabhu" 100 ".
Ekuthetheleni abasanda kufika banaka futhi barekhode izinkampani. Ukunqoba kuya kumarekhodi e-EMI: ekuseni ngo-Okthoba 8, ummeleli wenkampani uhlangana noMclaren, kwathi kusihlwa usayina isivumelwano. Ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu lelo lalebuleki likhipha "i-anarchy elithile ku-U.K.Ke.", futhi yena ushayisana ezindaweni ezingama-38 eBritish Hit Parade. Manje ngisho nalabo abasekude nemibuthano engaphansi komhlaba bayaziwa ngama-pistols sezocansi.
Ingoma lapho uhulumeni waseBrithani asethwe khona emugqeni owodwa nezinhlangano ezixegayo, avimbela i-imeyili emsakazweni naku-TV. Lapho ebhekene nentukuthelo yomphakathi, amarekhodi e-EMI amisa amakhophi wokuphrinta, futhi maduze nje oyedwa anyamalale eshadini.
Unyaka ovunguvunguvungu uqeda ukusebenza okungatheni kunesiphithiphithi ku-TV. Ama-Rockers amenyelwa ku-Bill Grande Show. Ukuvakashela izibhamu zocansi kusuka kumaminithi okuqala kuphenduka ukubuyela emuva phakathi kwezivakashi kanye nokuhola, kanti abaculi banamahloni ngamazwi, futhi abalandeli babalandeli. Umethuli waxoshwa esiteshini, futhi ngenxa yezibhamu zezocansi kwavela ukuthi ukuqedwa kwamakhonsathi njengengxenye yohambo oluzayo "Anarchy". Uma ekuqaleni amadolobha angama-24 ayeseshadini, khona-ke kwasala okungu-7 kuphela.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zikali zanele ukusekela isithombe sabahlukumezi abanobudlova. Ama-pogroms emahhotela waba ngotshani bokugcina wamarekhodi e-EMI: Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 1977, inkampani ikhiphe isinqumo ngeso sivumelwano esiphetha kanjalo. Ngo-Mashi McLaren wakwazi ukuba nentshisekelo eqenjini labamele ama-A & M amarekhodi, kodwa ama-Amerilika asayinwa, kepha amaMelika anamaviki anele futhi avakashela abahlanganyeli bezinduku zocansi ehhovisi ukuguqula imiqondo yabo.
Uzakwethu ovumile ukusiza iqembu le-punk ukuthi akhulule "uNkulunkulu ongashadile", waba amarekhodi e-virgin - elinye lamafemu osomabhizinisi odumile waseBrithani uRichard Branson. Noma kunjalo, ukubona isembozo nobuso bendlovukazi, izindebe zabo bezivikeleke yizikhombo, amafektri aphrinta okukodwa, anqabile ukusebenza. Isimo lesi sinqumo silungise izingxoxo ezinde.
Ingoma yaqashelwa njengomunye we-ichilo kakhulu emlandweni womculo waseBrithani. Futhi uma kwenqaba ukusakaza ku-Air Force, iziteshi ezizimele ngokwazo zanquma ukungafaki ukwakheka kokujikeleza. Esibangeni samakhophi athengiswayo, oyedwa waqala ekuqaleni, kepha eshadini likazwelonke wahlala uhlala okwesibili "ngokucatshangelwa."
Ngo-Okthoba 1977, leli qembu likhiphe i-albhamu okuwukuphela kwe-albhamu ethi "Ungalokothi unake amaBollols, nazi izibhamu zocansi". Uthole isimo seplatinamu e-United States nase-UK, futhi futhi waba yigolide eHolland.
NgoDisemba, amakhonsathi athatha amakhonsathi ezweni lakubo labaculi nakuNetherlands, nangemva konyaka omusha, izibhamu zocansi zaya ezifundeni. Ngenxa yesikhulumi sokuphromotha esingaphumelelanga, awazange aqoqe izithameli ezidingekayo, amakhonsathi ahlulekile, kwathi ekuqaleni kwawo-1978 kwamenyezelwa ukubola kweqembu.
Ngo-1996, ubolile, uJones noMkhakha bachitha isigamu sonyaka kuhambo lomhlaba ngezingoma zeqembu. Ku- "zero" bekunamakhonsathi ambalwa lapho kudlalwa khona iqembu elihlangane naye. Uhambo lwe-Global Global lwenziwe ngo-2008.
Izibhamu zocansi manje
Ukuhlaziywa kabusha kweqembu lenkulumo akusenziwanga. UMalcolm Mclaren ushone ngo-2010. UGlen Matte usebenza neqembu ubuso. UJohn Lidon uhlala nonkosikazi wakhe eCalifornia, wasebenzela isikhashana ku-TV, ngonyaka we-2017 ngashicilela incwadi enamavesi, futhi ehlobo lika-2018 ngiqale ukuvakashela i-villain ekhathuni "Ninja Turtle: Ukuvukela." Le nkampani yayenziwa kuJohn Sina noLina Hidi. UPaul Cook udlala eqenjini le-Man-Raze. USteve Jones ukhiphe i-Autobiography.Ukwakhelekile
- Ngo-1977 - "Ungalokothi unake ama-bollols, nazi izibhamu zocansi"