I-Biograge
Okwesikhathilweni esithe xaxa sebhubesi iTolstoy kuxutshwe ukuthi ubuhlakani beprosesi baseRussia lalinenhlanhla enkulu kumkayo - kwangeziwa ukuthi ngubani osakwazi ukubekezelela ingcindezi yethalente elinjalo nengxenye yekhulu leminyaka. USophia noRereevna uqobo ezikhumbuzweni sengathi ucele intethelelo evela ezizukulwaneniso, ezingaphenduki umbhali omkhulu ofanayo futhi akazange ahlangabezane nokulindelwe.Ubuntwana nentsha
USophia Tolstaya, eMaiden Bers, - Indodakazi yesibili kaDokotela waseMoscow, i-Helide Rebleman norei Evstafyevich kanye nethuluzi lesimo somthengisi sothando alexandrovna. Umlobi u-Ivan Turgenev ubeka ama-Sona nodadewabo uTatiana no-Elizaba umfowethu abavela kuYise, uVarvara Petrovna Andrei Bers wasebenza njengodokotela womndeni.
Amantombazane athole imfundo yasekhaya ehle kakhulu, uSophia, kuya okufanayo - idiploma ye-Moscow University, enikeza ilungelo lokufundisa. Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-11 wahola idayari, lokhu kuthakazelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaphenduka imisebenzi yokubhala egcwele.
Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi umndeni uhlala enhlokodolobha, ehlobo kuphela elingena emzaneni. Ngosuku olulodwa, ngo-1861, i-graph entsha kaTolstoy, eyayikade yothando u-Alexandrovna, yalengiswa eBersam. U-Leo usekhazimulisile izindaba ezibhalwe ngesikhathi sempi eCaucasus. Umlobi washiya inkonzo yezempi futhi wafuna umlingani wempilo, owayezohambelana nezimfuno zawo eziphakeme - ekhangayo, ehlakaniphile, elula futhi enempilo ukuzala izingane eziphilile.
I-Perse yabona kwikholamu yokubumbana esandleni sika-Elizabeth. Futhi ku-sofye, ngaleso sikhathi umuntu ophikisayo wefa likaMitrofan Polivanov wethulwa futhi wathola nesivumelwano sokuqala. Kodwa-ke, kamuva uTolstoy wabhala ezimelweni zakhe, ezazingazizwa imizwa ngoLisa futhi engafuni ukushada kuphela ekubalweni. Emlayezweni oya ku-sofye, uNikolayevich kwakunguFrank: Thatha ukuthi usethandweni no-Elizavetutu - "Ukubheka okungamanga nokungabi nabulungisa," futhi wacela ngokushesha ukushada naye.
Ubaba ekuqaleni waphikisana, ecasulwa yindodakazi endala. Kepha uSofya, osekufundile ukuthonya abantu ngokuyisisekelo, kwancenga u-Andrei Evstafyevich. Umshado udlale isonto ngemuva kokunikezwa okusemthethweni.
Unkosikazi webhubesi uTolstoy
Umshado nomlobi waba yinguquko ekuphileni kukaSophia Andreevna. Kusukela ku-salon yezwe, intombazane eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala yangena edolobhaneni, lapho okukukhathaza okungaziwa kwawela khona kokuqukethwe yifa elikhulu, ukubalwa kwezinto ezibangelwa yizo zonke izindaba nezinye izindaba. Endlini yabalwa, kwamangala ukuthi kwakungekho okunethezeka, futhi imikhuba yendoda yakhe yashaqeka okokuqala.
Encwadini ethi "Impilo Yami" ngemininingwane emincane kakhulu kuchazwa ukukhathazeka kwansuku zonke kwe-CEATEPS Young. Kwaphendukela kuze kufike lapho uSophia athenge amakhemikhali amhlophe nama-apors futhi aphoqa abapheki babo ukuba bawagqoke. Owesifazane ngandlela-thile wahlukanisa ingxenye ebonakalayo yokuhlala kanye nomlingani wakubo, kodwa akavuma ukushintsha amanani angokomoya. Ukungena kwa-1867 kubonisa ukuthi yikuphi ukungena okwenziwe emkhayeni wekholomu:
"Impilo yayivalwa kakhulu, ngaphandle kwemicimbi, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza empilweni yomphakathi, ngaphandle kobuciko nangaphandle koshintsho nokujabulisa."Ukuzama ukulingana nezinhloso zikaLeo Nikolayevich, uSophia ubukeka ungakhululekile ukubekezelela izimfuno zama-domostroevts weqiniso, wadala induduzo, uzama ukuba yikho konke ngokulula, njengombhali othandekayo. Ukungavumelani nomyeni wakhe bavumele lapho kufika ezinganeni. Ubukhulu obukhulu bazala abafana abangama-9 namantombazane amane, abahlanu abalokothi babe ngabantu abadala, ingane eyodwa nje ayizange ikhuthazele. Son Sergey, kuphela lapho ekhula futhi efunda amarekhodi kamama, elungiselela incwadi yokushicilela, ngabona ukuthi kunzima kangakanani kuSophia Andreevna Biography.
Izingane uSofya ziphakanyiswa ngaphandle kwama-nannies nabasizi, uLev ngokwahlukana nabaphathi. Ubukhulu obungazange bahlanganyele izifiso zomyeni wakhe ukuze baneliseke okungenani, bathole ukusebenza ngokomzimba, kodwa wonke amanani okusabalalisa abaswele. Phambi kwaso kwakukhona inselele ukunikeza izingane ezemfundo, ukuhlinzeka inhlala-kahle yezezimali ukuba ibukeke kahle emehlweni abanye. I-Lev Nikoleyevich yakholelwa ukuthi okweqile konakele, i-tinsel yangaphandle ivimbela ukusesha eminye imizwa ephezulu.
Ngaphezu kokuxazulula izingqinamba zokucindezela, ukubalwa kwathola isikhathi sokusiza umlobi wobuciko. USophia Andreevna ungene esikhundleni somuntu oshade naye unobhala, umhumushi, umhleli. Amafutha ahlasele ukubhala ngesandla kwebhubesi ngesandla, abhalwe kabusha okusalungiswa kwemisebenzi, lapho umbhali wethule ukuhlela okungapheli. "Kuphela" Impi Nokuthula "kubuyiswa encwadini yokubhalela izikhathi eziyisikhombisa.
UZandile, kwesinye isimo, ukusondela ekuhlaselweni kwezwe kwavela ukuthi kube yinto enhle yokuphatha. Lapho kwakungekho lwazi olwanele, kuboniswane nabangane. Ngajwayelana no-Anna DostoevSkaya, iVydova Food Mikhailovich, eyayifundisa ukushicilelwa kwezincwadi eziwugqinsi nokuthengiswa komsebenzi kaLeo.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ukungaboni ngaso linye njalo kususe umyeni wakhe nomkakhe komunye nomunye. ULev Nikoleyevich uzwakalise ngokuphelele ukunganeliseki ngendlela impilo eyakhiwa ngayo. USophia noRereevna kufanelekile, ngoba imisebenzi yakhe ayitholanga ukuhlolwa okulindelwe. Uthe akaqondi ukuthi ungumzuzu ohlukanisa umlingani, nokuthi wavezwa kanjani.
Ekufuneni okulinganayo okulingana, amanoni aqala ukuthatha izifundo zomculo ezivela ku-pianist kanye nomqambi we-sergey tanev. Umculi wahola lo wesifazane okhathele "esimweni esihle, wayeyiholide lokuphila." Ubudlelwano bakaSophia Sama buchazwa njengothando. Lapho uTaneyev ehamba, ukubalwa kwakufihle ukulangazelela, ngokusho kokuqashelwa kwakhe, ngemisebenzi ye-feverish. UDade Tatiana, izingane u-Ilya, u-Alexander noMaria bahlambalaza umama ngokunamathela ngokweqile kumuntu womunye umuntu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukubalwa kwabonakala ngethemba lokuthi izifundo zomculo zizokhula okuthile okwengeziwe.
ULev Nikoleyevich ubuye wabona ukuthi ushintsho kumkakhe, edamini lakhe, engabizwa ngokuthi amagama, abhala ukuthi wayengalali ebusuku, wayebona, naye. Kamuva, ngemuva kwalokho, kubhekise ekuqasheni, kumise lolu xhumano oluxakile.
Ukunakekelwa kwebhubesi iTolstoy kusuka empilweni kwabangela isifiso sokuba naye ngokushesha ku-sofier. Naphezu kwakho konke, ukudala okuhlangenwe nakho 'kokulangazelela okungabekezeleleki nokuzisola ngonembeza "maqondana nomyeni wakhe. Zonke izinsuku owesifazane waya ethuneni lendoda yakhe ayithandayo futhi washintsha izimbali lapho.
Ukushona
USophia Andreevna wasinda kumyeni wakhe iminyaka engu-9. Futhi le minyaka, unkosikazi kaLeo Tolstoy onikezelwe kulondolozo lwamagugu okudala wombhali - ashicilele umhlangano wemisebenzi, izincwadi ezabhalwa ngabalingani, kamuva zibe yingxenye yeqoqo leMnyuziyamu. Kumanori, amanoni kwakuyisiqondisi sokuqala.
USophia washona ngoNovemba 1919, kungenzeka, ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo. Ungcwatshwe 2 km kusuka ku-polyana evamile, emathuneni aseCochaki Village, eduze kwesonto likaNicholas ummangaliso. Kuleli necropolis kukhona amathuna omkhulu, abazali kanye nabafowethu uLev Nikolayevich, odadewethu uSofia - Tatyana.
Ukwahlulela ngesithombe esishicilelwe kwi-Intanethi, azikho izikhumbuzo ezimbi kakhulu ezingcwabeni, kuphela iziphambano zokhuni ezinesizotha kanye namagama anamagama nezinsuku.