I-Biograge
Izindaba zaziwa ngumbusi amabili, ogama lakhe linguNebukadinesari. Kepha uma owokuqala ehlala ekhulu le-XII yekhulu le-XII futhi akazange ashiye iminonjana esikweni lomhlaba, khona-ke uNebukadinesari II, owayebusa eVii-VI ngaphambi kwehlobo lamanje, "hernate" ukuze awele emakhasini eBhayibheli. Igama lombusi lafa emugqeni owodwa noJulia Caesar, u-Alexander Macedonia nakusisidingo. Abantu bephila bakhombisa izici zikaNapoleon eNkosini yaseBabiloni yasendulo.
UMbusi waduma ngokwakhiwa kwezimangaliso ezimbili zomhlaba - umbhoshongo waseBabiloni kanye nezingadi ezilengisweni zama-semiramids. Futhi nokho - isifo esingaqondakali esasihlushwa uNebukadinesari iminyaka engu-7 futhi saphenduka umzekeliso webhayibheli wangaphandle, obekungeke kulimaze ukuba nalo lonke inyunyana man.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwendodana yomsunguli weNovovavilon (noma eChaldean) Umbuso weNobophalacar akayona. Shayela usuku olusondele lokubukeka kukaNabu-Kudurry-Usur (ngakho-ke igama lomsindo we-Nebuchadnezar): Kufika ku-630 BC. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20, uTsarevich usevele eposini elibalulekile lezempi futhi wabamba iqhaza emikhankasweni kababa.
Inzalo kanye nommeleli okhanyayo wobukhosi azihlukanisa nomzali: Uma uNabopalasar engasuki kude nabantu, khona-ke indodana ekhomba izimpande zakhe zaphezulu, yazibiza ngenzalo kaNaram-Suene, ama-Tsar Legends .
Akukho lutho olwaziwa ngobuntwana benkosana yomqhele, kodwa ebusheni bakhe, wahlanganisa ngenkuthalo ubuciko bempi, kwathi ngo-607-60b. Umbhangqwana nomzali wayala impi.
Amaqiniso Omlando
Kulezi zinsuku, uNebukadinesari II wayezobizwa ngokuthi yimenenja ephumelelayo noma abaphathi abaqhakazile. Ukuqala i-biography kusuka emikhankasweni yezempi ephumelelayo, ngokushesha washintsha kakhulu enhlanganweni yezenhlalo nezomthetho yaseBabilonia. UNebukadinesari osemusha waba odume ngokubamba eMiddle East. Kathathu bakhuluma kathathu eJudiya futhi bathatha iJerusalema.
Ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa kokugcina komuzi kaNebukadinesari wakubhubhisa, kwaze kwagcwala isisekelo sethempeli likaSolomoni. "Ukuthwebula kweBabiloni", okubandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhuluma umlando wamaJuda, kusho ukunxenxa ubugqila bezakhamizi ezisindile zaseJudiya.
Umkhuzi uNahiphononoror, ngokungafani noyise, wakwazi ukufaka isicelo sokushayisana kwabaseGibhithe, owayecasule amaBabiloni abhubhise ukuhlaselwa okulimazayo. Ngo-605 BC UTsarevich, egameni likaYise, waya ukulwa noNehho, eGibhitho likaFaro. Eziphathimeni, ngaleso sikhathi babebuthakathaka iPalestine, iSyria kanye nesimo saseFenike.
UNebukadinesari nebutho waphoqa i-Ewufrathe futhi washaya ikamu laseGibhithe ngokungazelelwe, etholakala ngaphansi kwezindonga zento yakhe eyinhloko - iDioty-Fortress Karhemmy. Umphathi waseBabiloni waphula ibutho likaFaro, acekele phansi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokwakheka.
Ngesikhathi somkhankaso wamasosha, maphakathi no-Agasti 605 BC, uNebukadinesari wafunda ngokufa komzali. Wabuyela eBabiloni kwathi ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu wakhala. Ukungena kombani kube ngamalungelo futhi ukubuyiswa okusheshayo ezinhlwini zamabutho kukhombisa ukuthi uMbuso usezandleni eziqinile.
Iminyaka emithathu, ibutho likaNebukadinesari, lapho kwalwa khona ama-merceek amaGrikhi futhi anqoba iSyria, iPalestine, eJudiya kanye nemibuso emincane embalwa. Kepha ngo-600, inhlanhla yafulathela uMbusi, kwathi ngemuva kokunqotshwa kobuhlungu, wabuyela eBabiloni ukugcwalisa ukulahlekelwa ngumuntu nangokwenyama.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, inkosi yaseBabiloni yakwazi ukubuyela ekuphakameni komJuda, yamukelwa maphakathi no-Mashi 597 BC. Isibopho senkosi yakwaJoakimi, savula isango phambi kwebutho likaNebukadinesari. U-Ioacim uqobo akazange abhoboze umnqobi, enikela ukubulawa kwakhe.
Ngesikhathi sezikhathi ze-clutch phakathi kwezintaba zamasosha nezifiso zokuphindisela okuphikisayo eBabiloni, uNebukadinesari wamboza uMbuso. Izimpumelelo zalo zithathwe kwizimpawu zobumba ezitholwe ngabavubukuli. Amarekhodi aphakamisa ukuthi uMbusi wazakhela kabusha ukubhujiswa kwabaseGibhithe nokunye okuthe xaxa iBabiloni, ukuliguqula libe isikhungo sokuhweba kwamanye amazwe.
Washada namadodakazi e-Midy Tsar Amistitys (edume kakhulu njenge-semicircuit), owashade naye umkakhe waveza umkakhe, wawazungeza izwe elinezintaba nezobuluhlaza, "izingadi ezilenga." Imininingwane etholakele ibachaze njengephiramidi enama-4-tier kusuka kumapulatifomu asekelwa amakholomu. Amapulatifomu ambozwe ngomhlanga oxutshwe ne-asphalt, khona-ke izitini ezilethwe ngesisombululo se-gypsum. Ngaphezulu faka amapuleti ekuholeni, futhi kubo ungqimba lomhlaba ovundile.
Emahlombe kwakukhona amakhambi, izimbali, izihlahlana nezihlahla. Imbewu nezithombo zensimu enhle kwalethwa kuwo wonke umbuso. Ukunisela kwenzeka ngokuhlinzeka ngamanzi avela e-Ewufrathe ngokusebenzisa amakholomu asekelayo. "I-Flowed" enezimbali enezitshalo eziyindilinga zonke zonyaka wonke zithole igama lezingalo ezilengisweni zama-semiramides avela kwaPosososikhathi.
Umlingani wakhe obonga wazala inkosi yezingane eziningana, kepha le ndaba kwakuyigama lendlalifa eliyinhloko - indodana ka-Amel Marduk.
Okugcina, obekujabulele ubuhle kanye nokunambitheka kwezingadi ezilengisweni, kwakungu-Alexander Macedonia, owabamba iBabiloni ngo-331 BC. Ngaphansi komthunzi walezi zihlahla, wafa. Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Alexander Gardens, amaSemiramudes awela ukubola. Izikhukhula zathathwa isisekelo, futhi amapulatifomu awa.
Okungenani i- "Hanging Gardens" yaziwa nangokuthi i-zigkurat yamamitha angama-90 e-Etemenana, eyaba yi-prototype yombhoshongo waseBabiloni. UNebukadinesari waphakamisa edolobheni, okwakuhlala abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-200, izigodlo eziningana zokunethezeka. Emaphethelweni eBabiloni, indawo yokuhlala ikakhulukazi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Esgil, okuyinkimbinkimbi eyodwa eyayiyi-zigkurate eyisisekelo engu-7 ye-Etemenana, eyakhiwe ngendlela yephiramidi egxekile. Emlandweni webhayibheli wephiramidi uthole igama elithi "IBheyiloni LaseTower". Kwezinye izikhathi zambonakalisa ngesinye isimangaliso sezwe esabonakala sibonga uNebukadinesari.
Ubuhle obuhlukile bokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zenkosi yaseBabiloni yabizwa ngezeluleko nge-Ishtar - i-arch enkulu, eyavula umhubhe eduze kwethrekhi yokuhlelwa kombuso. Ukwakheka kwe-cloze ye-plated yezimbali eziphuzi, eziphuzi eziphuzi, ezimhlophe nezimnyama, izilwane ezivulekile. Isimangaliso sokwakha sisindile kuze kube namuhla.
Umlando webhayibheli
ETestamenteni Elidala, iTsar Babylonia ne-Asiriya kuboniswa njengesigqila nangomashiqela babantu abangamaJuda. Uma ukholwa okubhaliwe, eminyakeni yokugcina yokubusa kukaNebukadinesari, owazale kuNkulunkulu, wagula nokugula okumangazayo, okwamhlukumeza iminyaka engu-7.
Encwadini yomprofethi uDaniel, kuthiwa uMbusi, izigodlo kanye nezindawo zokugcina amachweba eBhabhiloni, waphenduka ngamehlo okubusa kwakhe, aqhathanise amandla akhe phezu kwamawadi. Ngenxa yalokhu, uMdali wamthumela ekujezisweni nguMkhulu; egibele abantu baseNebukadinesari, njengesilwane, badla utshani. Ikhanda lalimbozwe nge-mane lengongonyama, futhi izindebe zasukuma ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, njengenyoni.
Ososayensi banamuhla babonakala ezimpawu ezichazwe yizimpawu, ezibizwa nge-licycopy. Lesi yisimo somuntu we-psychopathic somuntu obonakala ephenduka isilwane. Isigaba esikhulu salesi sifo sisho ukulingiswa kwesiguli sesilo. Umuntu uhamba phezu kwawo wonke amane noma, njengenyoni, "esusa" amaphiko, azama ukuhamba.
Ososayensi nezazi-mlando bathi uNebukhadinezari wayengaba sesimweni esinjalo, ukuhlela iminyaka eyi-7 futhi angabhekwenga ngokweqile ngabaphristi, abapristi kanye nabantu. Abasekeli bomlando webhayibheli mayelana ne- "King-Blunt" baphakamisa ukuthi ingqondo kaNebukadinesari yakhuphuka ngempela, lapho, yathola khona, waveza ngokungaqondile ngolwazi olubhaliwe olusindile.
Amakholwa abiza ukugula kweNkosi "izinhlanzi ezivela kuNkulunkulu", futhi alulame ahlanganiswe ngokuqwashisa ngoNebukadinesari wokungabaluleki kwawo uMdali. Umbono owesabekayo weNkosi yaseBabiloni egulayo ecabanga ngayo ngokuqoshwa kwembongi yamaNgisi nomculi uWilliam Blake, ogcinwe egalari yeTate.
Ukukhumbula
- Abaculi, ababhali kanye nabaculi, bebonisa inkosi edumile emisebenzini yabo, bakhanga kaninginingi emfanekisweni kanye nobunikazi beBuchadnezari. "Mayelana ne-Navidkhodonosor Tsar, mayelana nomzimba nangama-ochroacs ahamba ngezinyawo, ePheshi ayishiswa," kubhalwe uSimeon Platsky kuhlaya lakhe.
- Imbongi, umculi kanye ne-Engraver William Bleake idale igalari ye-monotype (ukuphrinta okuphrintiwe), ukunikela ku-Nebuchadonosor.
- UNabucco (elinye igama elithi "NebuCadnezar") - Opera Giuseppe Verdi eLibretto Teathetle Solea, kwaqhutshwa yi-La Scala Scala Theatre ngo-1842.
- Encwadini, i-Yudifi Navidhodnemor imelwe yinkosi yase-Asiriya, indawo yokuhlala eyayiseNineve. Ngokusho kukaTovita "Nebukadinesari no-Asuiri", kukhona labo abathumba iNineve.
- Isiko lamaSulumane liyazi uNevuchadnezar ngaphansi kwegama le-bay of Nassar, limbiza ngokuthi uSaturap wesifundazwe sakwaSassanid, owalwa nama-Arabhu namaGibhithe, abulala iTorah emthonjeni.