I-Biograge
USandro Bottcelli ungummeleli ovelele wokupenda kwe-florentine yesikhathi se-quatrocheto. Ngemuva kokufa, inkosi yangena ekuqothulweni. Ngakho-ke kwaqhubeka kuze kufike maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX, lapho umphakathi uphinde uvuke emsebenzini wakhe kanye ne-biography. Igama likaSandro Bottcelli liza engqondweni nakubakhi izakhamizi, nochwepheshe bangenye yokuqala uma kuziwa ebuciko bokuzalwa kabusha kwakuqala.Ubuntwana nentsha
Iqiniso elijabulisayo lokuthi akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo mayelana: I-Bottlicelli akulona igama langempela lomculi. Ebuntweni, igama lakhe kwakungu-Alessandro di Mariano di Banny Fipeipei. NgoMashi 1, 1445, indodana encane - uSandro wazalelwa emndenini kaFlorentine Kozhevnik Mariano. Ngaphezu kwakhe, abazali babenendodana emithathu yaphezulu: uGiovanni kanye noSimone abazinikele ngokuhweba, no-Antonio, owakhetha ubucwebecwebe ubucwebecwebe.
Akukho ukuvumela ngemvelaphi yesibongo somdwebi wezinhlungu. Umbono wokuqala ubopha isidlaliso se-Bottnelli ngemisebenzi yokuhweba yabafowethu ababili abaphezulu ("I-Bottcelle" ihumusha njenge-barrel). Abasekeli bomunye umbono futhi bakholelwa ukuthi igama lesidlaliso laya eSANDRO lisuka kuSANDRO lisuka kuMfoweth 'uGiovanni, kodwa ngesinye isizathu: Wayengumuntu ononile. Abanye abacwaningi bathi isibongo esisha sadlulisela e-Bottlicelli kusuka komunye umzalwane - u-Antonio ("Battigello" - "Izindaba Zesiliva Master").
Ebusheni bakhe iminyaka emi-2, uSandro wayengumfundi wobucwebecwebe. Kepha ngo-1462 (noma ngo-1464 - Imibono yabaphenyi ihlukana) yangena kwi-Art Workshop e-Fra Filippo Lippi. Lapho eyokugcina ngo-1467 kwesobunxele uFlorence, u-Andrea Verroko waba ngumeluleki we-Genius yesikhathi esizayo. Ngendlela, uLeonardo da Vinci wafunda emhlanganweni we-verrican workshop ngasikhathi sinye ne-Bottlicelli. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, ngo-1469, uSandro waqala ukusebenza ezimele.
Ukupenda
Izinsuku eziqondile zokubhala imidwebo eminingi azikaziwa. Ochwepheshe bakhombe izinsuku eziyisibonelo ezisuselwa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-stylistic. Umsebenzi owangena endabeni njengowokuqala futhi ongumnikazi weBrush Bottcelicelli uthi "umfanekiso wamandla." Kubhalwe ngo-1470, wenzelwe iHholo LeNkantolo Yezohwebo LeFlorentine. Manje umbukiso wegalari ye-UFFIZI.
Imisebenzi yokuqala ezimele yomculi futhi ifaka izithombe eziningi zeMadonn. "I-Madonna Eucharist edume kakhulu", yabhalwa ngabo-1470. Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, i-Bottlicelli ivela umhlangano wayo. Indodana kameluleki wakhe wangaphambili - uFilippino Lippi - iza neSandro nomfundi.
Ngemuva kwe-1470, izici zesitayela samakhosi ziyabonakala ziyenzeka: Iphalethi elikhanyayo, ukudluliswa kwezithunzi zesikhumba ngezithunzi ezigcwele. Ukufezekiswa kwe-Bottlelicelli njenge-painter yikhono lokuphila nokucindezela idrama yesakhiwo, ukunika izithombe zokubonisa, imizwa nokunyakaza. Lokhu kwabonakaliswa ngokukhanyayo ekuqaleni (1470-1472) diptyja mayelana neTestamente Elidala feat feat kaJudeth, umhlaseli wase-Asiriya odidekile we-Ooolefer.
Isithombe sokuqala somzimba onqunu e-Bottlicelli isithombe esithi "Saint Sebastian". Ngosuku lwe-Martyr, ngoJanuwari 20, 1474, lalimelwe ngokuqinile yizakhamizi zedolobha. I-canvas emile ithunyelwe kwikholomu yeSonto laseSanta Maria Maggiore.
Maphakathi ne-1470s, uSandro ubhekisela ohlotsheni lwe-portrait lobuciko obuhle. Ngalesi sikhathi, "isithombe sendondo esingaziwa eKozimo Medici." Wayengubani le nsizwa, eboniswe esithombeni 1474-1475, akaziwa. Kunomqondo wokuthi kungumfanekiso wokuzibonakalisa. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imodeli yalo mculi bakhonze uMfoweth 'u-Antonio, abanye - ukuthi i-canvase iboniswa ngumlobi wendondo noma ummeleli womndeni wakwaMedici.
Ngalo mndeni onamandla we-florentine nendawo ezungezile, umdwebi wasondela kuma-70s. NgoJanuwari 28, 1475 UJuliano Medici, umfowabo wekhanda leRiphabhulikhi yaseFlorenzo uLorenzo, wabamba iqhaza kulo mqhudelwano ngeZinga, phezu komdwebo owasebenza kuwo iBoticelli. Bangabo-1478, umculi wabhalwa ngumfanekiso kaJuliano uqobo.
Emaflothini akhazinyulisiwe "maughty", umndeni wakwaMedici ucishe wacwilisa ndawonye ne-retinue. Kwakuyingxenye yazo zombili i-Bottlicelli, zingabonakala ngesibalo sawo ekhoneni elifanele.
Ephreli 26, 1478 ngenxa yecala lehlulekile ukumelana noMedici, uJuliano wabulawa. Ngo-Order of Lindenzo, umculi wabhala iFresco phezu kwamasango aholela ePalazzo Vecchio. Isithombe sabahlaseli abaqashiwe, owenziwe ngu-Bottlicelli, awuzange ube neminyaka engama-20. Ngemuva kokuxoshwa eFlorence, uMkhosi we-Piero we-Piero ophansi wacekelwa phansi.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1470s, umdwebi ubathandwa ngaphandle kweTuscany. Ubaba sikst IV afisa ukubona i-SANDRO ekhanda lopende wezindonga ze-chapel esanda kukhiwa. Ngo-1481, i-Bottlicelli ifika eRoma futhi kanye nabanye abaculi kuqala umsebenzi eFrescoes. Amabhulashi akhe angawakwabathathu, okubandakanya "isilingo sikaKristu", kanye nemidwebo eyi-11 kababa. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, uphahla lweSicstinian Chapel luzosebenza uMichelangelo, futhi luzokwaziwa emhlabeni wonke.
Ngemuva kokuvuza eVatican, engxenyeni yokuqala yama-1480s, i-Bottcelli yakha ubuciko obukhulu. Baphefumulelwe isiko lasendulo kanye nefilosofi yasendulo yabahlali, abalandeli be-neoplatonism, umfundi abasondelene nabo kuleyo nkathi. Intwasahlobo, ebhalwe ngo-1482, ingumsebenzi ongaqondakali kakhulu wombhali, ongenakho ukuhumusha okucacile. Kukholakala ukuthi umculi wadala isithombe, aphefumulelwe yinkondlo "ngohlobo lwezinto" uLucretia, okungukuthi le ndima:
"Leso sitho sentwasahlobo, futhi uVenus uya, futhi uVenus unamaphiko
I-Bulletin iseza, futhi, ama-marshmallows, phambi kwawo
Ukumaka umama we-flora futhi, izimbali ezisendleleni ezisakazayo,
Amapende agcwalisa konke nephunga elimnandi ...
Imimoya, unkulunkulukazi, gijima phambi kwakho; Ngokulinganiswa kwakho
Amafu avela ezulwini, kuxutsa
Ukhaphethi we-bloral floral, amagagasi olwandle asolwandle,
Futhi umgexo we-azure ukhanya ukukhanya okugcwele izikhukhula "
Lesi sithombe, kanye namanye amaparele amabili alesi sikhathi, iPallada ne-Centaur Canvas kanye nokuzalwa kweVenus, ingumnikazi we-venus, ongumnikazi we-lorenzo di pierfrantic, i-Duke of Duke Florence. Ukunikeza isimilo sale misebenzi emithathu, abaphenyi baphawula abahlabeleli nemigqa yepulasitiki, imicu yombala, umuzwa wokuvumizwa nokuvumelana, okuvezwe yi-auntle nuances.
Ekupheleni kwe-1470s - ekuqaleni kuka-1480s, i-Bottcelli isebenza ngemifanekiso kaDante "Divine Comedy". Kusuka emdwebishini wesipele esihlahleni, ambalwa, phakathi kwabo - "kwalasha esihogweni" kwasinda. Kusuka kwimisebenzi ngesihloko senkolo yalesi sikhathi, "Madonna nengane esihlalweni sobukhosi" (1484), "Isichasiselo seCheckello" (1484-1490), i-TDUDO "Madonna Magnitiate" (1481-1485) no "Madonna nge-grenade" (Kulungile 1487).
Ngo-1490-1500, i-Bottlicelli yathonywa izimfundiso zendlu yaseDominican DZHirolamo Savonarol, owagxeka ama-oda esonto wesikhathi nokungaphezulu kwempilo yezwe. Ukungena ekukhangelweni kokukhuthaza nokuphenduka, uSandro waqala ukusebenzisa izithunzi ezimnyama nezivinjelwe.
Ama-Landscapes kanye nezinto ezingaphakathi zangaphakathi zanyamalala kulezi zizinda ezivelele, ezingabonakala kwi- "Dante Portrait" (approx. 1495). Kubhalwe ngoJudith ocishe ube ngu-1490, kwashiya itende lika-Oloferna "kanye" nokulila kukaKristu "- isimilo sesikhathi somsebenzi somdwebi wezinhlungu.
Ukumangalelwa kwe-Savonarola e-ysi kanye nokwenziwa kwabangu-1498, futhi ngisho ekuqaleni - ukushona kukaLorenzo Medici kanye nenjabulo yezombusazwe eyalandela lokhu eTuscany Shack Bottle Bompicelolli. Imfihlakalo kanye ne-Gloomy ngobuhlakani obungeziwe. "UKhisimusi ongaqondakali" we-1500 isikhumbuzo esikhulu salesi sikhathi nomsebenzi wokugcina obalulekile womculi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu ye-Bottcelli iyakwazi okuncane. Umculi wayengenaye umfazi nezingane. Abaphenyi abaningana bakholelwa ukuthi uSandro wayethandana noVespucci Simonete - ubuhle bokuqala bukaFlorence kanye nentokazi yenhliziyo kaJuliano Medici.
Usebenze njengemodeli yemidwebo eminingi yokupenda. USivonette washona ngo-1476 eneminyaka engama-23.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni engu-4,5 edlule yokuphila, i-Bottcelli ayizange ibhale futhi yaphila ebuphofini. Inkosi enkulu yeminyaka ye-quatrocheto yangcwatshwa emathuneni iSonto leFlorentine lase-Otisanti ngoMeyi 17, 1510.Ukusebenza
- KULUNGILE. 1470 - "Ukulingisa Amandla"
- KULUNGILE. 1470 - "Ama-Wholches"
- Ok.1470 - "" Madonna Eucharist "
- 1474 - "Saint Sebastian"
- 1474-1475 - "Portrait of a angaziwa nge Medal of kozimo medici"
- KULUNGILE. 1475 - "Imidwebo kaJuliano Medici"
- 1481-1485 - "I-Madonna Magnification"
- KULUNGILE. 1482 - "Intwasahlobo"
- 1482-1483 - "I-Pallada ne-Centaur"
- KULUNGILE. 1485 - "IVenus neMars"
- KULUNGILE. 1485 - "Ukuzalwa kweVenus"
- KULUNGILE. 1487 - "Madonna nge-grenade"
- KULUNGILE. 1490 - "Ukuthumela Amakheli KaKristu"
- KULUNGILE. 1495 - "Ukunyundela"
- KULUNGILE. Ngo-1495 - "Portrait of Dante"
- 1495-1500 - "Busith, eshiya itende lika-Oolferefere"
- 1500 - "UKhisimusi Omfushane"