I-Biograge
Ubizelwe isithonjana se-russet yaseRussia, ikhulu le-taloni xx, ubuhle obubulalayo. Umculi wabantu we-USSR, uthisha kaMaya Plisetskaya, uNikolai Tsiskaridze kanye nePleiada yonke yabaculi abanethalente, uMarina Timofeevna Semenov waphila impilo ende futhi ecebile, enqoba isikhundla seminyaka ecebile, enqoba isikhundla seminyaka ende, ekunqobeleni iminyaka eyikhulu. Waba ukugwinya kokuqala kwe-ballet yeSoviet, ekhuluma esigabeni esidumile seParis Theatre Grand Opera.Ubuntwana nentsha
Indawo yokugcina yesikhathi esizayo ye-Bolshoi Theatre yazalwa ngonyaka we-1908 edolobheni eNeva, emndenini wabasebenzi abajwayelekile abanokunambitheka okunesizotha kanye nobuningi bezingane. Isahluko somndeni safa, sishiya umfazi ongumfelokazi wezingane eziyisithupha. Futhi ngubani owaziyo ukuthi lo mndeni wasinda kanjani, uma umama engahlangananga nomuntu omuhle futhi ohloniphekile, owayeshada naye. Lowo owayengumatilosi, owayesebenza kwesinye sezitshalo ze-petrograd, uNikolai shechume waba ngubaba wokutholwa kaMarina omncane.
Amakhono okuqala avelele entombazane abona ukuthi intombi kanina u-Ekaterina Karina, owake wabhala ama-ballerina afunda izingane zobuciko bemidanso. I-Semenova, kanye nodadewabo, uValeria waya embuthanweni kaKarina, futhi ukuthi ngeso lazisa ngokushesha ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo, eluleka abazali ukuba banikeze indodakazi ukuba ibambe.
Ngakho-ke, uMarina Semenova oneminyaka engu-10 uvele emngceleni wesikole sezobuchwepheshe kweChoreographic, okuthi, ngemuva kokuvuselelwa, kwaba nesikole seshashalazi sempetha. Uma ubheka intombazane encane ejezisa, amalungu amakhomishini eKhomishini enza isinqumo esidumazayo: yenqaba.
Futhi ukube bekungengenxa yokuphikelela komunye wothisha, umdwebi kaBallet Viktor Semenov, owathi "imbewu ku-ballet kufanele kube ngaphezulu," kusho uMarina ekhaya nanoma yini. Kepha wamukelwa futhi wanqunywa esikoleni sokubopha.
Intombazane entekenteke yashayisa ikilasi kumeluleki omuhle, umama waseGalina Ulanova, uMary Romanova. Owesifazane ovela kulo lokuqala wabona ukuthi idayimane lahlaselwa ezandleni zakhe, okuthi, ngokusika okufanele, lizophenduka idayimane elibaluleke kakhulu.
Maduze nje ukuqonda ukuthi uMarina Semenov ungumdansi ovela kuNkulunkulu, weza kubahloli abaqinile, ekuqaleni wenqaba. Le ntombazane yadluliselwa ebangeni lokuqala ku-3. Umeluleki omusha kaMarina kwakungu-Agrippina Vaganov, okuyinto ebesilisa abasebasha abesaba njengomlilo. Owesifazane wayedume ngokuthukuthela okunonya nangokungenamusa, ajeziswa ngezindawo ezincane.
UMarina Semenova, wabingelela esifubeni sikaMaria Romanova, waya ekilasini laseVaganova, washeshe wabona ukuthi u-Agrippina Yakovlevna ungunina wesibili. Kamuva, iBallerina edumile ebizwa ngokuthi uVeganov, ayenabo abangane ngaphambi kokuphila kwakhe.
Insimbi eyalweni
Ukukhishwa komculi we-ballet ogqamile kwenzeka lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Umdansi uthole indima yokuqala ku-ballet "umtshingo womlingo". Iqembu lesibili laya eMarina Semenova eSilvia Ballet: Intombazane yaphathisa indima yentokazi ye-Dryad. Kepha izindima ezimbili zokuqala zazingenisa kuphela isisusa sangempela. Uphathiswe iqembu eDon Quixote Ballet, lapho inkundla yemidlalo enkulu yemidlalo yaseshashalazini enkulu ye-Quiz cyger yafika esuka eMoscow. UMarina osemusha wayengemubi kakhulu kune-muscovite edumile.
IDiploma yomfundi wakhe othandekayo uVaganova wanikezwa ngo-1925. Ikakhulu okuthandayo, umeluleki waqala kabusha i-ballet Delibe "Creek". I-Fairy Party Marina Semenov ayizange yenziwe kwi-Studence Scene, kodwa esiteji se-Mariinsky Theatre. Le ndima iye yaba yingqophamlando ebalulekile e-biography yomculi, ngoba ngemuva kokubulawa kwayo, uSemenov wabhaliswa eTroupe of the Leningrad Opera kanye ne-Ballet Theatre. IBlallerina yaphuma esiteji sakhe, kusukela ngo-1925 kuya ku-1930.
Isifunda saseMarina Semenova kwalowo "Mariineka" sangaphambili saba yinkohliso futhi saphulukana nesiko elisungulwe kahle: Umdwebi "wahlelwa kabusha" isinyathelo sokuqala esiphoqelekile sabo bonke abasanda kufika - wadlula emsebenzini eKorselythet. Ngisho nenkanyezi u-Anna Pavlova, ovale kulesi sehlakalo, akazange aphuphe ngomsebenzi osheshayo ngasikhathi sinye.
I-Semenova evela ezinsukwini zokuqala iphathise amaqembu aholayo. ESwanan Lake, wadlala u-Odeta-Odilillia, "ebuhleni bokulala" - u-Aurora noFlorin, e "Bayaderka" ehlanganisa uNikia. Umlingani kaMarina esiteji, kwathi lapho ephila emshadweni kwakungumeluleki omkhulu nogama lomqashi weVenor Viktor.
Ngawo-1930 kwaqala ukuhunyushwa kancane kancane kweqembu. UMarina noVictor Semenov bathuthele ekungeneni kwethiyetha yezabasebenzi. Ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba wonyaka ofanayo, igama lenganekwane yesikhathi esizayo yeSoviet Ballet yavela okokuqala kumaphosta. Umdwebi wenziwa ephathini enkulu - uNikia e "Bayaderka" Choreography Marius Peltipa.
Ezinkulumweni zikaMarina Semenova, owayeseqede ngokushesha, amazinga aphezulu namalungu kahulumeni onomdlavuzi eza. Cishe ngenxa ye-ballet dancer ememezele omunye wobuciko obuphambili benyunyana.
I-Russian Ballet Diamond income i-anatoly LunacArsky engxoxweni noSergey Dyagilev ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakhe eParis. UStefan Colle, owabona uSemenov okokuqala ngqa esiteji seMoscow BT, wavivinywa ukushaqeka okunamandla. Mayelana ne-Brilliant Ballerina, edlale iphathi ye-swan ekudlaleni "i-swan lake," wabhala ezimelweni.
Uzwe ngomdansi ophathwe amakhono awo ahlatshwe ama-balletomania wonke ama-operomanistics, uNdunankulu weParisian Opera kanye ne-theorist of Dance Serge Lifrar imeme isimemezelo sikaMarina Semenov. Izikhulu zaseSoviet, zibopha inhliziyo, ukuvakasha okuvunyiwe, yize uKlim Voroshilov aphikisani nowokugcina. Wayengumphikisi oqinisekisiwe wohambo lwabaculi baseSoviet phesheya, bekholelwa ukuthi bazohlala lapho. Ngeshwa i-Voroshilov Lazar kaganovich, i-connoisseur emincane ye-ballet kanye ne-fan yembewu.
Ukunqoba kukaMarina Semenova, ukukhuluma ngesigaba esidumile senhlokodolobha yaseFrance eqenjini likaGiselle, kwabonakala. Umlingani wakhe kwakuyi-liminar uqobo. Amaphephandaba amaFrance akhethe ukuncoma inkanyezi yaseSoviet, abize ubuciko bakhe be-giselle "yobuciko be-ballet."
Umthamo wokunqoba uMarina Semenova wanqunywa ngo-1937, lapho umyeni wesibili kaBallerina efika esondweni lokucindezelwa nokuhlanza ama-stalinist, inxusa eTurkey Lion Karakhan. Ngemuva kokubulawa kwakhe, umdwebi wakwazi ukuhlakanipha ukugwema ukubamba iqhaza komlingani. Udumo lomhlaba kuphela lwamsindisa ekuboshweni nasekufeni. Indlela eya ekuhambeleni kwangaphandle komculi ofanele yavalwa, kepha waqhubeka ephuma endaweni yesehlakalo.
Imiklomelo kanye nesihe samandla abuyele enkundleni yemidlalo yaseBolshane yaseBolshane ngesikhathi sempi. Ngo-1941, umdansi wanikeza umklomelo we-stalin, kwathi lapho uMarina Semenova ka-1945 weza endaweni yesehlakalo ngesehlakalo ngenombolo yeCorona: Wenza iWaltz ekudlaleni "u-Ivan Susanin".
I-Dance Career Semenova yaphela ngo-1952. Kusukela ngo-1953 kuya ku-1997, uMarina Timofeevna wafundisa futhi wasebenza njengomfundisi omkhulu. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe maya i-Plisetskaya, uRimma Karelian, Marina Kondratieva, eNadezhda Pavlova, Galina Stepanenko, Nikolai Tsiskaridze. Kusukela ngo-1997, inganekwane yeSoviet Ballet Art nguProfesa Rati. USemenova wasebenza iminyaka engama-95, futhi abafundi bakhe babiza ama-semenov.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umshado noMento wangaphambilini uViktor Semenenina's Ballerina waphela ngemuva nje kokusuka eLeningrad eya eMoscow. IPhini le-Commissar Yezinto Ezingaphandle kwebhubesi UKarakhani lalwa nobuhle basebukhosini beBallerina futhi ngenxa yakhe ngashiya unkosikazi wesibili nezingane ezintathu. Bahlala emshadweni wangempela kuze kudutshulwe kweKarakhani.
Ukuphela kwendodakazi kaKatya kwazalwa kumyeni wesithathu, umlingisi vsevolod aksenov. Indodakazi yangena ezinyathelweni zikamama odumile futhi yaba i-ballerina. Wakhonza eBolshoi Theatre.
Ukushona
Umbala wokufuduka kwamaRussia weza ekwenzeni isikhulu eParis of the Grand-Opera ngo-1935. Angikunaki ukufika kwe-semenova, kuphela uMatilda Kshesinskaya, echaza ukuthi yena, umka-The Prince, isimo kwakungewona ukuhambela enkulumweni kankosikazi wezeluleko. Kusezingeni, okukhiqizwa ngokomusi enhlokodolobha yaseFrance uMarina Semenov wakhumbula ozakwabo abaseDemarsh.
Lapho, ngo-December 1971, uMarina Timofeevna wezwa ngokufa kweKshesinsky, ongazange afinyelele eminyakeni eyi-100, emamatheka futhi athembisa ukuthi ngokuqinisekile wayezosinda ngokuqinisekile uMatilda.
Umdansi odumile wenza isithembiso ngenzalo: Semenova ayizange ibe ngonyaka we-102. Ushone ngoJuni 2010. Imbangela yokufa yayimdala. Ungcwabe le ndaba ngesakhiwo se-10 se-Novodevichy Cemetery.
Inhlangano
Repertoire ku-leningrad opera kanye ne-ballet Theatre
- 1925 - "Ruch" L. Minus, Choreography M. Petipa - Naila
- Ngo-1925 - "UDon Quixote" L. Minusa, Choreography A. Gorky - Lady Driad
- 1925 - "Ubuhle bokulala" P. Tchaikovsky, Choreography M. Petipa - Princess Florin
- 1926 - "Bayaderka" L. Minus, Choreography M. Petipa - Nikia
- 1927 - "Ubuhle bokulala" P. Tchaikovsky, Choreography M. Petipa - Princess Aurora
- 1929 - "Raymond" A. Glabulova, Choreography M. Petipa - Raymond
Repertoire enkundleni yemidlalo yaseBolshoi
- 1930 - Swan Lake P. Tchaikovsky - Odetta Okhi
- 1930 - "Ubuhle bokulala" P. Tchaikovsky, Choreography M. Petipa - Princess Aurora
- Ngo-1931 - "Ruslan noLyudmila" M. Glinka, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Lezginka
- Ngo-1934 - "Esmeralda" Ch. Puni, abahleli v. Tikhmirova - Esmeralda
- Ngo-1934 - "UGiselle" A. Adana, Choreography J. CORALCCEL, J. Perero noM. Petipa - UGiselle
- Ngo-1935 - "Choqunian" emculweni kaF. Chopin, Choreography M. Fukina - Prelude
- 1936 - Bakhcharaisai Fountain B. Asafieva, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Maria
- Ngo-1937 - "URuslan noLyudmila" M. Glinka, Balletmister R. Zakharov - I-Magic Virgo
- 1938 - Caucasian Thuthunjwa B. Asafieva, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Polina
- 1939 - "Nutcracker" P. Tchaikovsky, Balletmister V. Vinonen - Masha
- 1941 - Taras Bulba V. Solovyov-Grey, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Pannachka
- 1945 - "Carmen" Jize, BalletMaster R. Zakharov - Moreno
- Ngo-1946 - Owesifazane weBaryshnya-Peader B. Asafieva, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Lisa
- 1947 - UCinderella S. Prokofiev, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Cinderella
- Ngo-1949 - "I-Copper Halper" B. Asafieva, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Queen Bala