I-Biograge
U-Alexei Kaplea odumile wavuma izwe lonke, wahlunga ama-movie ngoVladimir Lenin, u-Isaac Babel wamthanda. Omunye wamaconsi athandwayo kwakunguSvetlana Allilueva, okwathi umqondisi wacishe wakhokha umsebenzi. Wazalwa enalo igama likaLazari, kodwa wahlala emlandweni weSoviet Cinema nethelevishini njenge-alexey capler.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography kaLazar Yakovlevich kaKaplera yaqala eMbusweni waseRussia, edolobheni laseKiev, ngoSepthemba 28 (Okthoba 11), 1904, ngo-1903. Umfana wakhulela emndenini wamaJuda: Uyise wayengusomabhizinisi, futhi umama wayesenziwa ekhaya.
Abazali bathembela ukuthi indodana izolandela ezinyathelweni zikaYise futhi izoqhubeka nomndeni. Kepha ibhizinisi lebhizinisi likhathazekile umfana omncane: namanje endaweni yokuzivocavoca ngithanda ubuciko bezemidlalo, futhi wanquma ukuba ngumlingisi. Cishe ngalesi sikhathi, le nsizwa, eneminyaka engaba ngu-15, ishintsha igama futhi iba yi-alexey kapler. Ngokokuqala ngqa, waya esigabeni semidlalo yaseshashalazini yakhe ebizwa ngokuthi "Harlequin".
Ukudala
Ekuqaleni kwendlela yokudala, u-Alexey wazihlaziya kuma-hypostatas ahlukahlukene. Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu kwi-Gymnasium, uMqondisi wesikhathi esizayo kanye nombhali wesikrini uzinze ukudlala iKiev Pop Theatre. Ubuye wahlanganisa inkampani yokudala "uChipistan", futhi ebusheni wayaziwa phakathi kwabalingani ngokuthi "uLucy Kapler".
Ngolunye usuku, u-Alexey nabangane wabona ukuthi iKiev yesiFundazwe yayingayifanelekeli, isikhathi sasiyisikhathi sokuphakama okusha. Ngakho-ke obomvu waya e-petrograd, lapho kuvela khona "ifektri yomlingisi we-eccentric".
Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zobuciko kancane kancane zahamba ngomkhumbi wesimanje, futhi uMuntu omusha wendalo wawungasathokozi. Ngakho-ke, iqembu laseKieh lezinsizwa ezifuna ukuvelela lafika ngendlela. Umsebenzi weGogol "Umshado", owawukade wenziwa ngokungathi sína, waphenduka umkhosi wezinombolo zama-pop namaqhinga.
Ngenxa ye-alexey, izindima eziningana e-cinema, kepha ngejubane le nsizwa edumele ebuciko obusebenzayo. Wayefuna ukukhuluma izwi lakhe, hhayi ukumiswa imicabango yabanye abantu. Lapho eneminyaka engu-23, u-Alexey wathuthela e-Odessa, kwathi kamuva waba umsizi u-A. Donzzhenko kwifilimu "Arsenal". Wayengafuni ukuhlala kubasizi, kepha khona-ke umfana waqokwa ngokudumazeka kokuqala: izilungiselelo zakhe zavinjelwa.
Akayekanga futhi anqobe umncintiswano wesimo esihle kakhulu sefilimu ngaphansi kwesihloko sokusebenza "lenin ngo-Okthoba". Ngisithandile lesi sithombe esithi Stalin, okungamangazi, ngoba sikhona - umlingani osondele kakhulu kanye nomlingani kaVladimir Ilyich, axoxa naye ngazo zonke izinyathelo.
Kusukela ngo-1939, iKapler ifundise eVGIK nasempini enkulu yokuthanda izwe, yasebenza njengombhali wamasosha. Ngemuva kokubuya ezixhumanisi, u-Alexei - uMoma ngoMikhail, othole imali yama-movie ahlanganayo, wamnika imali enhle ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kwavumela umqondisi ukuthi aqale impilo ephephile.
Ngesinye isikhathi, ubomvu waholwa ngumhlangano eVGIK, nasemhlanganweni wokuqala weNyunyana yama-cinematographs of the USSR, wakhethwa nguNobhala WeBhodi. Eminyakeni engu-63, i-dropper yamenyelwa kumenyezeli we-TV kuya ku "Kinopanoram", indoda eholwa iminyaka eyi-6, kuyilapho uhlelo lukhanyisiwe. U-Alive and Witty Alexey ahluke kakhulu kwabanye abaholi, wenqaba ukufunda ephepheni futhi enze ubuso obungathi sína.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yomdwebi ihlukaniswa ngokugcwala okungachazwanga. Indoda yokuqala yomshado esemthethweni ekhishwe nguTatyana Tarnowskaya, umlingisi weSoviet Cinema. Umshado wabo lowo odonsi wabhapathizwa, wahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-8. Ngaphezu kwendodana ka-Anatoly kule nyunyana, isithwebuli sasingenazo izingane futhi.
Ngemuva kwesehlukaniso, u-Alexey wayehlala emshadweni wangempela nomlobi nodokotela uTatiana Zlatogorova. Ngemuva kokuhlukana naye, kuhlanganiswe kamuva nomlingisi waseGalina uSergeyeva.
I-Turning Point empilweni yomculi yayazi uSvetlana Allyluve - Indodakazi kaJoseph Stalin. Ngesikhathi somhlangano emcimbini lapho kugujwa kwesikhumbuzo se-Okthoba Revolution, i-dropper yayineminyaka engaba ngu-40 ubudala, futhi intombazane yayingu-16.
Indoda yamema uSvetlana emdansweni, enze izincomo eziningana ezinakekelayo. Futhi-ke nganginomuzwa wokuthi inhliziyo yakhe iyancibilika. Kusukela ngalolo suku, umqondisi odumile, umbhali nombhali wesikrini abakwazanga ukucabanga ngenye intombazane, ngaphandle kwentombazane enesizotha. Ukunakekela indodakazi kaStalin kwakungelula: U-Allyluweva waphumela emgwaqweni ephelezelwa onogada kuphela, kodwa indoda ayizange ibuye.
I-Scarlet yashayela le ntombazane emicimbini yamasiko, ikhombise ubuciko be-cinema yomhlaba. Imihlangano yajaha, kepha uStalin wayesabika. Umqondisi waya eStalingrad ezungeze i-Stalingrad futhi wabhala kusukela lapho, emibhalweni, emibhalweni yokuthi amacebo aqondile ajabule ku-Svetlana.
Ngasekuthandwa, bekufanele ngihlanganyele: Base bevalelisa, becindezela eduze futhi baphefumula kancane, futhi egumbini elilandelayo bebengakunciphisi iso elihambisana nalo. Ngobusuku, u-Alexey wabizelwa futhi waphikelela ngokuphakanyiswa ukuthi akwazi ukuya phambili ekuqoqeni imininingwane kwi-movie elungiselela ukulungiselela. Kepha owesilisa ophuphuthekiswe uthando oluphendulwe ngokwenqaba okubukhali. Ngosuku olulandelayo, i-dropper yaboshwa ngomkhankaso we-anti-soviet, igwetshwe iminyaka engu-5 yathunyelwa eVorkuta. Indoda ithole umthwebuli wezithombe zomsebenzi, ngoba yavunyelwa ukuba ishiye ucingo, olubiwe olubiyelwe.
Lapha wahlangana nomlingisi uValentina Tokarskaya, owayekwazi ukucula ngokumangalisayo nangokudansa. Ngaphandle kwesiphetho, lona wesifazane wazizwa ekhululekile impela, futhi uthando lwayo ngokuphila kanye ne-charm yanqoba isibalo. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, ngasikhathi sinye uMqondisi ubesekucindezelekeni okujulile, futhi amaTokarskaya ngokoqobo kwawukhipha elongeni.
Ekupheleni kwethemu, u-Alexey wabuyela eMoscow, naphezu kwenqatshelo lokuvela enhlokodolobha kanye nezinsuku ezine-allyluve. Kepha obomvu futhi akazange afune imihlangano naye: Izinkumbulo zesixhumanisi zazinetshe elisindayo emphefumlweni wakhe, ngokucophelela indodakazi 'yabaholi' babantu '. Le ndoda yafuna ukuya eKiev futhi ihlangane nabazali bayo, kodwa, ingangeni esitimeleni, yaphinde yatholwa isikhathi.
Kulokhu u-Alexey wathunyelwa edolobhaneni lase-Inta, lapho kwakungekho ukukhathazeka okuthe xaxa. Umqondisi nge-par nabanye abasebenza emayini. Indoda yayisiphetha iminyaka eyi-10, ngasekupheleni kwethemu lesibili, u-Alexey wayenenhlanhla. Umholi waya kokhokho, futhi i-capple neTokarskaya yawa ngaphansi kokuxolelwa.
Ukubuyela eMoscow, lo mbhangqwana wasayina, futhi impilo yaqala ukuthuthuka kancane kancane. Kepha lapha uSvetlana Allyluweva uvele emkhathizwe, ngaleso sikhathi wayeseshade kabili. Owesifazane wavuma ukuthi wacabanga ngaye kuphela, kepha obomvu waphendula ngokwenqaba.
Ubukhosi abuzange bubambe umkhawulo eduze kwaseValentina. Ngo-1954, indoda yahlangana nenkondlo eshadile uYulia Drunina, lapho engena ezifundweni ezimemezelwe, lapho iKapler ifundiswa khona. Owesifazane weminyaka engu-6 wamelana nemizwa enkulu, ezama ukugcina inyunyana noNikolai Stashinov: Indodakazi ka-Elena yakhula.
Lapho intombazane ingakwazi ukumelana nothando ngaphezulu, wahlukanisa umyeni wakhe, no-Alexey bahlukana nomkakhe. Indoda ngesikhathi somshado yayineminyaka engama-50, nesithandwa sayo - kuphela 30. Uthando lothando lwakhuluma yonke inhloko-dolobha: Kwakungathi badalwe. Uthando aluzange luhlukane umzuzu, futhi indaba yabo yothando ifana nenganekwane.
Ukushona
U-Alexey uchithe isikhathi eside esibhedlela, eduze kwakhe wayengunkosikazi othandekayo uJulia Vladimirovna, wayehlala emtholampilo. I-kapler igcinwe ngesibindi futhi kuze kube yilapho umoya wokugcina ukhathazekile ngonkosikazi wakhe, ebona, uzohlala kanjani ngaphandle kwakhe ngesikhathi esinzima kangako.
Lo mculi washona ngoSepthemba 11, 1979 ngemuva kokugula kakhulu nokugula okude: kusuka kumdlavuza. Ngokusho kweTestamente, ubukhulu bangcwatshwa emathuneni amadala.
UJulia akazange akwamukele ukufa komyeni wakhe, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona ingozi yemibono yakhe namathemba ngokuvamile. Konke okwakuhlala kulo umfazi, kwadumazeka. UDrunina wazibulala, esethole i-carbon monoxide emotweni yakhe. Ngo-1991, wangcwatshwa eceleni kuka-Alexey nomkakhe.
Izics
Izimo:
- Ngo-1931 - eyami 12-28
- Ngo-1937 - "Lenin ngo-Okthoba"
- 1942 - "Ikhonsathi ngaphambili"
- 1942 - "I-Iron Angel"
- 1942 - "Usuku lwempi"
- Ngo-1943 - "Uvikela uMotherland"
- Ngo-1961 - "Izimpilo Ezimbili"
- 1976 - "I-Blue bird"
- 1984 - "Iqhawe lenoveli yakhe"
- 1996 - "Buyisela" Bremen konke
Umkhiqizi:
- Ngo-1930 - "Ilungelo kowesifazane"
Umsebenzi Osebenzayo:
- 1926 - "I-Cherto Wheel"
- 1926 - "Shineel"
Izincwadi:
- "Ababili kwabayizigidi ezingamashumi amabili"
- "Ukubuyiselwa Kwempi Yempi"
- "Lopushk"