I-Biograge
Akukho sinye isizukulwane sezingane zesikole saseSoviet esekhule emavesini ezingane nasezincekwini zika-Irina Tokmakova. "Mhlawumbe zero awunacala?", "U-Alya, Kleaxich kanye nencwadi A", "nenganekwane ekuseni", "Kusihlwa inganekwane ekuseni", "Inganekwane yakusihlwa" kanye nabanye kule misebenzi, okungukukhanya kwale misebenzi kugcwele ngomusa nokukhanya, Inhlawulo yombhali ngokwakhe. Yonke impilo yakhe, u-Irina Petrovna wakhonza emkhakheni wobuntu bakwaBuzi bezingane: Kwaziwa ngokuhumusha okugqamile kwemisebenzi yababhali bakwamanye amazwe kubafundi abancane.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Irina Petrovna wazalwa ngoMashi 3, 1929 eMoscow. Ubaba uPeter Manukov (Manukian) wasebenza njengonjiniyela kagesi. Umama uLydia Dillenskaya - Ngomsebenzi odokotela wezingane, walibangisa "indlu ye-uplift" yedolobha. Lapha esitezi sokuqala futhi wahlala umndeni wakwaManukov, kwakungekho ezinye izindlu.
Omunye umndeni kwakungudadewethu - udadewabo kababa, wahlanganyela ekukhulisweni kwe-Ira kanye nodadewabo osekhulile u-Elena, ipulazi lahola, walungisa, wathungatha ULydia Alexandrovna wasebenza kakhulu: Ngokufana nenkonzo eyinhloko efundiswe esikhungweni sezokwelapha sokuqala sezifo zezingane.
U-Irina Petrovna uyakhumbula: "Yonke umama wami wobuntwana abahlanganyela kwisayensi nakwabanye izingane zabantu kunamadodakazi akhe amabili," kusho u-Irina Petrovna.Izinkondlo zikaPapa "uPapa" zazithandwa kakhulu umsebenzi kaPushkin. Imvamisa sasabisa i-IRU encane emadolweni nasezinkondlo eziphindwayo. Ubaba no-anti bakhulume nezingane naseRussia, nase-Armenia. Cishe-ke, izilimi zanikezwa u-Irina kalula. Esikoleni, ngakujabulela ukufundisa isiJalimane, ngithanda isiNgisi. Futhi le ntombazane yanikezwa imvumelwano kalula, futhi ngandlela thile waqala ukubhala izinkondlo.
Ngo-1941, umndeni wakwa-Irina wawuswa ePhenza. Ngemuva kwempi, uManukov wabuyela eMoscow futhi. Ikilasi lokuthweswa iziqu lalisondela, futhi u-Irina waqala ukulungiselela ukwamukelwa ekwamukelweni kwekhono lobuhlakani be-MSU, eseshintshe isinqumo sesikhathi eside ukufaka iTimiryazevsky Academy Academy.
Eyunivesithi, intombazane yathatha ngaphandle kwezivivinyo ngenxa yendondo yegolide. Ngokulinganayo ngokugqamile, ngokuhlonishwa, okuthweswe iziqu eyunivesithi kwangena esikoleni seziqu.
Into yokufunda
Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe esikoleni sokuphothula iziqu, u-Irina wayeseshade nomculi uLvom Tokmakov futhi wasebenza njengomhlahlandlela wokuhumusha. Lapho isivakashi esivela eSweden safika kuye eqenjini, kwaqala ingxoxo. Isivakashi samangala ukuthi iTokmakov yazi ulimi lwayo lwendabuko (ulimi lwesibili e-University), lithanda izinkondlo zaseSweden. Lapho efika ezweni, wathumela iqoqo elisha elijwayelekile lezingoma zabantu baseSweden. Ngokushesha u-Irina wahunyushwa ambalwa futhi waqala ukufunda indodana encane.
Umlingani wakho ngasese uthathe izinguqulo zezinkondlo endlini yokushicilela yezingane, futhi ngokushesha banyathelwa: Ngo-1961, incwadi yokuqala yeTokmakova "inyosi izohola umdanso". I-Irina ephefumlelwe yayilahla i-thesis futhi yaqala hhayi nje ukuhumusha ngokwengeziwe, kodwa futhi nokubhala izinkondlo zazo.
"Emva kwakho konke, ngaqala ukubhala izinkondlo, ngenkathi ngiseyinto esesikoleni, kodwa ngathola ukuhlolwa okungekuhle kwemibhalo yami futhi ngayeka," kuvuma engxoxweni.Ukuhlolwa okungalungile kobuqambi beTokmakova kwanikeza imbongi edumile uVasily Lebedev-Kumach - Intandokazi kaJoseph Stalin nabo bonke abantu baseSoviet. Incwadi yokubhalela enamavesi IRA idlulise ngendodakazi yakhe - amantombazane afundwa ekilasini elilodwa. Kepha enye imbongi evelele - uSamuel Marshak, kunalokho, wabuya u-Irina ebuhlakani, waphefumulela wavula ikhasi elisha ku-biography. Imbongi yezingane ifunde ukuhumusha kwezinkondlo zezingane u-Irina Tokmakova eMurzilka, wabiza futhi wamenywa ukuba eze.
"Wakhuluma ngokungathi uMamashi futhi mina marmak. Ngiphume kuye, futhi kungathi kimi ngaphakathi kwesibani esikhanyayo, "Ngakhumbula lo mzuzu wenkondlo.Futhi uSamuel Yakovlevich utuse u-Irina Tokmakov e-Union of Writers. Ngalesi sikhathi, incwadi yakhe yokuqala yayivele yashicilelwa - ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo "Izihlahla", ezakhombisa ibhubesi iTokmakov. Bese bekukhona "izinkathi zonyaka" (1962), "Izinkanyezi" (1963). Kuma-70s, ukuguqulwa kokuqala kwemisebenzi ka-Irina Tokmakova kuvela: amakhathuni "ama-planethi angaqondakali" (ekudlaleni i-Starbreaker Fydaya ", 1974)," Rostik noKesha "(1979).
Umbhali ngokwakhe ubiza izinkondlo zakhe "umdlalo nenjabulo." Ngisho nophawu oluphambili lwezwe - isikwele esibomvu - ubhala kalula, wedwa futhi ukuze ukhumbule okokuqala. Futhi ubuhlakani baka-Irina Petrovna buvame ukuthwala umsebenzi wezemfundo. Ngala mavesi e-bastard kuze kube namuhla ngekhanda izinhlamvu, i-akhawunti, izimpawu zezimpawu. Umbhali umane wenza izinhlamvu nezinombolo zabalingiswa abaphambili bezinganekwane zakhe futhi bavunyelwe ukuvakasha okuhehayo. Ngakho-ke bazalwa bethandekayo izingane "Meyi, akufanele basolwe" (1984), "Alya, kleaxich kanye nencwadi a" ezinye izindaba.
Kuma-80s, umbhali udlulise isikhalo ngokwengeziwe. U-Odin ngemuva kokuphuma kolunye uphume ngepeni lakhe, "futhi ekuseni kuzofika", "ngenjabulo, i-Impushkin." Abalingiswa babo abaphambili baba abafana abanesibindi ababonga ubungane futhi bakholelwa ukuthi okuhle kuwina okubi.
Igalelo lika-Irina Petrovna ezincwadini zokuhumusha lihle. Ngenxa yayo izinguqulo ezinjengokuthi "Peter Peng" James Barry, "Mio, i-MOLWID LINGREN," Alice Carroll "Lewis Carroll," Halloll Carroll, Jourches Nagerlef kanye nokunye. Kepha ngemisebenzi yesimanje yenqabile ukusebenza.
"Inani labafundi bakhe (uhlobo) nabalandeli bakhe) bakhulu, kepha angiboni inzuzo yokufunda inganekwane, kepha kukhona ukulimala. Kuyikhathalela empilweni yangempela, "kusho yena.Izinkondlo kanye neProse A zaya eMhlabeni: zisebenze eJury of the International Price G. H. U-Andersen, wayeyilungu leKomidi eliPhethe LoMkhandlu Wezincwadi Zamazwe Ngamazwe Ngamazwe Ngamazwe (iBby). Futhi ngokwanezakhe unikeze i-regalia ehlonishwayo: ophumelele emzuzweni wombuso waseRussia kanye nomklomelo wezemibhalo waseRussia ogama lakhe ngo-Alexander Green.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomlingani wekusasa, umculi uLVom Alekseevich Tokmakov, umbhali wahlangana, ngokuba ngonyaka wesithathu kaFilfak. Le nsizwa yabe isiqeda isikole seStroganov, yabe isishiya wonke ama-Urals - ukusebenza ngokusatshalaliswa. Ngakho-ke lo mbhangqwana washada ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, ngasekupheleni kwama-50s. Futhi ngokushesha owakwakho waba ngabazali bendodana kaVasily.
KwakunguLev Aleksevich owabuyisa umkakhe ubuhlakani, futhi impilo yonke kankosikazi wasebenza eTandem ehlanganiswe kahle: wabhala incwadi, wabhala imifanekiso. Ukuphendukela komunye nomunye ukuze kusiza usizo noma izeluleko kwakujwayelekile kubo.
"Ubengumfundi wokuqala wemisebenzi yami nomhleli wokuqala. Iqinile impela, kepha ilungile. Ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe, akukho lutho olushicilelwe. Ngamunye wethu wahlonishwa futhi wawazisa umbono womunye. Kwakungekho cala noma ukuwanaka. Sibe ne-tandem engaguquki ngokuphelele, ngalomqondo, sobabili sasinenhlanhla enkulu, "kusho u-Irina Petrovna.Indodana kaVasily Tokmakov yangena ezinyathelweni zikamama, yaba ngumlobi, umbhali wezincwadi eziningana zabasenkulisa.
Ngo-2010, ngonyaka wama-83 wokuphila, uLev Aleksevich wafa. Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Irina Petrovna washonelwa yindodana yakhe. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila, umlobi wawusekela umzukulu kuphela kaLydia.
Ukushona
U-Irina Petrovna Tokmakova ushone ngo-Ephreli 5, 2018 wangcwatshwa eceleni kwabashade naye esiteyeni sokuqala samathuna ase-Armenia.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umlobi, ngaphezu kokuhumusha, usebenze kuphrojekthi ye-anthology yezingane "isiqhingi esijabulisayo" enemifanekiso ekhanyayo nezithombe. Uqophe ividiyo yezikhumbuzo zomuzi othandekayo, ubuntwana bezempi nezinye izikhathi ze-biography yabo.
I-Bibliography
- 1962 - "Izinkathi Zonyaka"
- 1962 - "Izihlahla"
- Ngo-1963 - "Izinkanyezi"
- Ngo-1966 - "Pines Noisy"
- Ngo-1970 - "Tale ngeSasanchik"
- 1970 - "I-Zhenka-counter"
- 1980 - "I-Summer Shower"
- Ngo-1981 - "Ama-Chalields Anchanted"
- 1984 - "Mhlawumbe zero akufanele asolwe?"
- Ngo-1968 - "Alya, Kleaxich kanye nencwadi a"
- Ngo-1986 - "Futhi ekuseni ukujabula kuzofika"
- 1991 - "Ngokujabulisayo, i-Impushkin!"
- 2013 - "Plm"