I-Biograge
"I-Beatles" yiqembu le-phenomenon, ngaphandle kwalo umculo wanamuhla olwaluhluke ngokuphelele. Wonke umculi wesibili namuhla umemezela ukuthi ubuqambi baka- "Matles" bamthinte, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uhlala kuliphi izwe. Ukuthengiswa okuphelele kwamapuleti, amakhasethi nama-disk eqembu adlula amakhophi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-1. Isitayela se- "Beatles" asikwazi ukudideka nanoma ngubani - abakwazi ukulalela, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungazi.Umlando wendalo nokwakheka
Umlando walowo ohlanganisiwe waqala eBrithani yama-50s, ngesikhathi samaqembu omculo wendawo yonke. Noma ngubani okungenani owaziyo ukuthi adlale kanjani isiginci, izigubhu noma i-bajo, efuna ukufika ku- "band".
Ngo-1956, uJohn Lennon, kanye nabangane besikole, wadala iqembu le-germen, edlala ngemfashini, i-skiffle genre - kwakuyingxube yokuqala yedwala lesiNgisi neJazz. Ephathini, uJohn wahlangana noPaul McCartney futhi wancoma ukuthi wazi kangakanani ngomculo: Phansi kudlale kahle isiginci, wakwazi ukumhlelela kahle futhi athathe kalula amahemuhemu akhe athandwayo.
UJohn ngokwakhe wabe nje waqonda leli thuluzi futhi wayazi ukuthi angawathatha kanjani ama-Guitar Chords kuphela ezintanjeni ezi-4, njengaku-Banjo, ngakho-ke ngokushesha wamema umngane omusha eqenjini lakhe. Kamuva umngani uGeorge Harrison wabajoyina.
Lapho isikole sisala futhi sadingeka ukunquma ukuthi yini okufanele siyenze ngokulandelayo, bobathathu ngaphandle kokungabaza bakhethe umculo. Ababambe iqhaza bavumile ukuthi iqembu lidinga igama elisha. Izinketho zidabula kakhulu: "RAINBOW", "Johnny and Luna izinja", "amabhungane" - amabhungane. Inketho yokugcina bese ubeka igama langempela.
Kunenganekwane uLennon abona igama elithi Beatles ephusheni - okusolwa ukuthi kwaqhamuka owesilisa elangabini futhi abeke ukuthi iqembu kufanele libizwe kanjani. Ngokusho kwenguqulo elula, igama elikhethiwe ngoba kwakukhona impande eshaywayo, okusho ukushaywa kwesigqi noma isigubhu.
NgoJanuwari 1960, uStewart Satcliffe wajoyina abaculi, abagibeli bakaBass, yize kwadingeka bafunde ukudlala ngokoqobo "endleleni." Ngalesi sikhathi, leli qembu lenziwa eLiverpool yakhe yendabuko futhi ngezikhathi ezithile laqhubeka phezu kwe-UK. Ehlobo leBeatles limenyiwe amakhonsathi eHamburg. Ukwamukela isimemo futhi uvele esiteji ngesimo se-classic bit-band, kwadingeka ukuthi bathole ama-drummers ngokushesha. Babe sebengcono kakhulu, ngaphambi kwalokho obekwenzile eLiverpool bayise amaBlackjacks.
Ukuvakasha kokuqala kwangaphandle kwedlula ngaphansi kwezimo eziseduze nokwedlulele: Kwakunokuningi okufanele kusebenze, inkokhelo yayiphansi, kuvela izinkinga nemibhalo edingiselwa kuyo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngonyaka, amaBitshists Solosts, esethole isimemo seHamburg, avuma, futhi kulokhu konke kwazolile kakhulu.
EJalimane, abaculi bajwayelana no-Astrid Kirgerr, umfundi we-Art College, owayenenoveli nge-satcliffe. Nguyena ohlele iseshini yokuqala yezithombe zobungcweti eqenjini futhi wasungula isithombe sokuqala: Izitayela ezintsha zezinwele, esikhundleni se-Concert yekhonsathi yangaphambilini - amajakethi angenazo ama-Collars nama-lacquers.
Ikhaya elithi "Beatles" libuyiswe yi-Quartet: Umgibeli weBass wanquma ukuhlala eJalimane kanye no-Astrid. Lapho, lapho kudume njengomculi onethalente, kepha i-biography yakhe yokudala yaphenduka imfushane kakhulu: neminyaka engama-21 ubudala, insizwa yafa ngenxa ye-hemorrhage ibale ebuchosheni.
Eminyakeni engu-2 ezayo, abaculi benziwa njalo edolobheni lakubo, eklabhini yaseCachern. Ngo-1961-1963, badlala amakhonsathi angama-262 lapho. Ukuthandwa kweqembu kwakhula, yize lapho-ke i-repertoire yabo yayinobuningi bemisebenzi yomculo. I-Duet yombhali kaPaul noJohane yadala izingoma ezintsha, kodwa bancamela ukubafaka etafuleni, ngaphandle kokuthola ithemba. Umsebenzi wabona ukukhanya kuphela lapho ama-sweter ethola umkhiqizi - uBrian Epstaina.
Ngaphambi kwalapho, u-Epstayna wayengenabo okuhlangenwe nakho kobungcweti: Ngaphambi kokujwayelana nabaculi, wathengisa amapuleti, kepha ubuqambi beBetlet swet babonakala bethembisa ubumbano. Iningi lamalebula wentshiseko yakhe azange lihlanganyele, kepha wakwazi ukufeza inkontileka ne-EMI Firm ngesimo abazobhala okungenani abafana.
"Upende kabuhlungu ukuthi kwadingeka senze, futhi lokhu kwabonakala kungokoqobo kulokhu," kwakhumbula uLennon. - Kuze kwavela uBrian, sasiphila njengephupho. "
Ngaphambi kokuqopha i-albhamu yokuqala, iqembu lishiye kahle uPete. Uthando lwamantombazane nelungu elikhangayo kakhulu, akazange abhekane nomsebenzi wesitudiyo, okwakungesona isibonelo esinzima kakhulu ekhonsathini, futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye iqembu. Ngo-Agasti 16, 1962, uRingo Starr wajoyina amaBeatles.
Umculo
Ngo-1963, i-albhamu ye-rut albhamu "iBeatles" ngicela ungijabulise. Okuqukethwe kuqoqwe ngejubane elishaqisayo futhi kulawulwa cishe ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwezinye izingoma zabanye abantu, izingoma zomlobi kaLennon noMcCartney bangene kulo. Abaculi bavumile kusengaphambili ukuthi izingoma zamagama womabili zazisayina, futhi zigcine lesi siko kuze kube sekupheleni, yize izingoma zokugcina zabhalwa zodwa.Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Discography ye-Bitlz yagcwaliswa nge-albhamu yesibili enama-beatles, okwaba isiqalo seBitter. Isilinganiso sokuzilibazisa, abezindaba ze-Noven "U-National Hysteria" baye bajwayelekile: Izinkulumo zeza zonke izixuku, kodwa futhi nemigwaqo ezungezile yayikulungele ukuma ngaphandle kwewashi ukuzwa okungenani ikhonsathi echoes. Ihlombe futhi ajabule ngesinye isikhathi kwaba nesivunguvungu sokuthi abaculi abazizwa bekhuluma ngale nkulumo.
Ngo-1964, ubhubhane lwaseBitleania luthwebula i-United States. Eminyakeni engu-2 ezayo, abaculi baphila ngokusho kwesheduli edwetshwe imizuzu: Ukuvakasha, amakhonsathi, umsebenzi ovela e-TV, izinto ezithengiswayo e-cinema anikanga ukuphefumula okuncane. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-British Rock Band evela eLiverpool iqoshwe ama-albhamu ama-5 neziqeshana ezi-2 - umlobi wephepha nemvula.
Naphezu kohlelo lokuhlanya, abaculi bathola isikhathi sempilo yomuntu siqu, bezama, nokho, bamfihle nabalandeli. Umshado wokuqala uJohn Lennon - ngo-1962. Umshado lapho indodana kaJuliya yazalwa kungekudala, wakhuphuka iminyaka engu-6 futhi wahlukana lapho umculi ehlangana noYoko. I-Extravagant Japanese yashintsha impilo yonke kaLennon futhi yangenelela ngenkuthalo ezindabeni zeqembu, lapho ayengadideki khona abanye abaculi. KwakunguLennon wakhe onikezelwe ku-ballad unganginciphi.
URingo Starr wajoyina umshado - nge-Maurein Cox baphila iminyaka eyi-10 futhi bazala izingane ezintathu. UGeorge Harrison washada noPatty Boyd ngo-1966, kodwa ngo-1974, lowo oshade naye wamshiya e-Eric Clapton. UPaul McCartney ngo-1968 waphetha umshado noLinda Eastman, ahlala kuwo waze waphela empilweni yakhe.
Ngo-1965, leli qembu lathola umyalo woMbuso WaseBrithani ngegalelo lakhe ekuthuthukisweni kwesiko, okwadala ihlazo elikhulu. Phambilini, bebengekho abaculi phakathi kwabanikazi bomuntu ophakeme onjalo, futhi abanye babagibeli bamemezela ukungabaza ukuma "ngomugqa owodwa ngezithombe ze-pop." Eminyakeni engu-4 kamuva, uLennon wamemezela umbhikisho ngokumelene nokungenelela kwase-UK empini yaseBiafro-Nigerian wabuyisela i-oda.
Ibhayisikobho
Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-Liverpool ezine ifakwe inkanyezi e-cinema ngo-1964. "Ubusuku bosuku olunzima" lwenziwe ngohlobo lwefilimu lomdlalo futhi lulungiselelwe emavikini ama-8 kuphela. Ngokusebenza okuthize kusuka kubaculi bekungadingi: Kwakuyi-movie ngempilo yansuku zonke yeqembu - amakhonsathi, abalandeli, ukuvakasha. Le filimu yaphumelela phakathi kwabalandeli futhi yaqokwa i-Oscar kabili kabili, futhi i-soundtrack yakhipha i-albhamu ehlukile.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, itheyiphu "yokusiza!" Ngokubamba iqhaza kwe- "bitls". Erekhodini ngomculo wakhe, izolo eyaziwayo yavela kuye, eyangena encwadini kaGuinness yamarekhodi ngenani lamalungiselelo nezincazelo (ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili) yaziwa namuhla.
Ngo-1968, abaculi baba ngamaqhawe omkhumbi ophuzi wekhathuni. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ababambiqhaza beqembu bazamile ukudala i-cinema yabo, kepha isithombe sohambo lwemfihlakalo lwemilingo bathola ukulinganiselwa okuphansi komphakathi nabagxeki.
Bola
Ngo-1966, iqembu liyeka ukunika amakhonsathi "bukhoma" futhi ikhanda lakhe lingena emsebenzini we-studio. Ngemuva konyaka, i-albhamu ye-SGT iyazalwa. I-Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, abaningi ababheka ngayo okungcono kakhulu emlandweni weqembu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubudlelwane babaculi baphamba. I-BIATLES, ikhathele inkazimulo, imemezele isifiso sokwenza amaphrojekthi akho.
Ngo-1967, uBrian Epstein ufa ngenxa ye-overdose ngamaphilisi okulala. Akakwazanga ukuthola ukushintshwa okugcwele, kepha ngokuhlanganisa umzamo, "ama-beatles" abhala amanye amapuleti amathathu: "I-ALBBEY ROOR" (1968), "makube" (1970), kanye nobabili zihlangene (1969).
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, i-albhamu yokuqala yeSolo Paul McCartney iyeza. Engxoxweni, empeleni uletha umugqa ngaphansi komlando weBeatles. Isithombe sokugcina seqembu senzeka ngo-Agasti 22, 1969 hhayi kude nefa likaJohn Lennon, eTittenhrst Park.
Ngemuva kokubola, uchungechunge lwamacala lwaqala ngamalungelo okushicilela kumanothi, izingoma kanye neqembu leqembu, imiphumela lapho kunethiwekhi isesenezincazelo eziphikisanayo.
Eminyakeni engu-10 kamuva, abaculi baqala ukucabanga ngemvuselelo, kodwa bekungamiselwe ukuba ifezeke ngalezi zinhlelo. Ngo-1980, uJohn Lennon wabulawa ngumuntu othandana naye ngokomqondo kaMark Chapman. Ithemba lokuthi uzobuyisa leli qembu bafa ngokufa kwakhe. Ngakho-ke "amaBeatles" amahle ekugcineni angena esikhathini esedlule.
Ngo-2001, uGeorge Harrison wafa ngenxa ye-tumor yobuchopho.
Ama-hitles manje
URingo Starr noPaul McCartney bahlala esiteji. NgoJanuwari 2014, baba ngama-lauresses omklomelo wokuhlonishwa kodumo ngolwazi ngegalelo labo ekwakhiweni komculo wekhulu lama-20.
Umsebenzi we-Pita wangaphambili weDrummer wayengelula. Ushintshe amaqembu athile futhi wazama ukwenza ubuciko bodwa, kodwa ngempumelelo.
Ngo-1968 wanquma ukulahla umculo futhi wangena eMsebenzini kaHulumeni, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 waqala ukuvela emphakathini futhi wadala iqembu lakhe i-pete the Peter Band, manje esenza njalo amakhonsathi e-United States.
Ukwakhelekile
- 1963 - ngicela ungijabulise
- Ngo-1963 - NgeBeatles
- Ngo-1964 - Ubusuku obunzima bosuku
- Ngo-1964 - AmaBeatles Ayathengiswa
- Ngo-1965 - Usizo!
- Ngo-1965 - Umphefumlo wenjoloba
- 1966 - I-Revolver
- Ngo-1967 - SGT. I-Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
- Ngo-1967 - Uhambo lweMilingo Yemfihlakalo
- Ngo-1968 - AmaBeatles ("I-White Album")
- Ngo-1969 - Ama-Yellow Submarine
- 1969 - Abbey Road
- 1970 - makube njalo
Xer clies
- 1963 - ngicela ungijabulise
- Ngo-1964 - Kufanele ngabe ngazi kangcono
- 1996 - Ngifuna ukubamba isandla sakho
- Ngo-1967 - Lucy esibhakabhakeni ngamadayimane
- 1969 - Ungangivumeli phansi
- 1969 - Buyela emuva
- Ngo-1968 - I-anyanisi yengilazi
- Ngo-1968 - konke ndawonye manje
- 1968 - ILady Madonna
- 1970 - Umgwaqo omude futhi owinayo
- 1973 - kufanele ufihle uthando lwakho kude