I-Biograge
Waphupha ngokuba ngumqhubi wesifundo, kodwa waba yipiyano eliqhakazile. Waba owokuqala e-USSR umnikazi womklomelo woGrammy. Isimangaliso sasinda ophondweni lwe-stalinist sihlanza futhi sasinda ekukhapheleni komuntu osondele kakhulu. Ubuye wabhekwa omunye wabadlali abavelele kakhulu bekhulu lama-20. UnguSvyatoslav Richter.Ubuntwana nentsha
USvyatoslav Teoflovich wazalwa angama-20 (noma 7, ngokwesitayela esidala) sikaMashi 1915 edolobheni laseZhytomyyr emndenini wamaJalimane aRessas. Lapho umfana egcwaliseka ngonyaka, lo mndeni wathuthela e-Odessa. Ubaba wafundisa e-Odessa Conservatory futhi wayengumculi onethalente - wadlala upiyano nesitho. Umama Richter, u-Anna Pavlovna, wagqoka igama lokugcina laseMoskalev futhi waqhamuka esibonelweni.
Umculo womfana waqala ukuqeqesha usuka eminyakeni engu-3. Ubaba kaSvyatoslav waqala wahlanganisa isikhundla sothisha nomdlalo emzimbeni waseLuthere Chirche, kodwa lapho osebenza nabo basola uTheophila 'enkonzweni yenkolo yokuwina abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu. URichtera-Okwesikhulile kwadingeka ashiye iKirchi futhi ahlanganyele ezifundweni zangasese.
Kwakungekho isikhathi sokufundisa indodana yesikhathi, ngakho ngokwezemfundo yomculo iSvyatoslav yanikezwa kakhulu kuye. Intshisekelo ebuphisheni emculweni oholele ekutheni iRichter Youzana ivele yaqala ukudlala wonke amaqembu, amanothi atholakala ekhaya.
Izinga lakhe lethalente lakhe alidingi ulwazi lwezemfundo - ngokuqeda leminyaka leminyaka, iSvyatoslav, eyayingakafundanga unyaka owodwa esikoleni soMculo, yaba yikhonsathi ka-Odessa Philharmonic. Ngalesi sikhathi, wahamba namaBrigade amaningi avakashela, wandisa i-repertoire yakhe futhi ethola isipiliyoni.
Ikhonsathi yokuqala yale nsizwa yanikeza ngo-1934 ngoMeyi 1934. Uhlelo lwenkulumo lwaluyimisebenzi kaFrederick Chopin - umqambi, ongumnikazi wawo waba umdlalo wokuqala, okuyinto uRichter afunde ukudlala. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokudonswa kwemali, kwamukelwa iSvyatoslav Theofilovich endlini ye-Odessa Opera ngesikhundla somthathi.
Naphezu kwenqubekela phambili yenhloso, uRichter akazange acabange ngamakhono ochwepheshe. Wafika eMoscow Conservatory kuphela ngo-1937, futhi lesi sinyathelo sasiyi-adventure - le nsizwa ibingasenayo imfundo yomculo. UHenry Guase, umdlali wepiyano oluhle kakhulu, ofunde iSvyatoslav, futhi abafundi bancenga ngokulalela i-Odessa enethalente.
Ithalente elenzayo likaRichter lahlatshwa umxhwele uthisha - bathi, khona-ke yena ngezwi eliphansi wavuma kumfundi obona umculi omuhle phambi kwakhe. I-Svyatoslav yamukelwa kwi-Conservatory, kepha yacishe yaxoshwa ngokushesha - wenqaba ukutadisha izimpendulo zemfundo ejwayelekile.
Wabuyiselwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba uNugauz ephikelele kulokhu, kodwa wafunda ngokuphazamiseka - i-svyatoslav yathola idiploma ye-conservatory kuphela ngo-1947 kuphela. Uthisha noRichter babesondele kakhulu - okokuqala ngqa lapho le nsizwa ihlala khona nangomfundisi ekhaya. Ukuhlonipha uPianist kanye nokwamukelwa kwaphenduka iminyaka eminingi iSvyatoslav Theofilovich ayifaki ikhonsathi yesihlanu kaBeethoven ezinhlelweni - kwakukholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukungadlali iNikuza yakhe.
Ikhonsathi yokuqala enhlokodolobha iRichter yadlala ngoNovemba 26, 1940. Lapho-ke eHholo Lomculi le-Conservatory, umculi wenze i-pukofieves yesithupha, eyayenziwa umbhali ngaphambi kwakhe.
Lapho-ke impi yaqala, futhi umdlali wepiyano waphoqeleka ukuba ahlale eMoscow, engazi ngempela ngesiphetho sabazali esisele e-Odessa. Ngawo wonke amathuba, umculi wanikeza amakhonsathi, kwathi ngo-1942 waqala kabusha imisebenzi. Ngesikhathi sempi, waphule izinkulumo cishe zonke i-USSR, wadlala ngisho naseLeningrad ye-blockade, futhi ngalesi sikhathi lenzeke inhlekelele yomndeni wakhe e-Odessa.
Ubaba noMama bakwaRichter bahlongozwa ukuthi bakhishwe edolobheni - isitha safika, futhi umsebenzi we-Odessa waba yindaba ethile. U-Anna Pavlovna wenqabile ukuhamba. Kamuva, kwavela ukuthi lona wesifazane wayenenoveli eceleni ne-kondratyev ethile, eyayibamba ngaphambi kwempi - indoda okusolwa ukuthi yalimaza uhlobo lwethambo lesifo sofuba futhi ayikwazanga ukuzisebenzela.
Eqinisweni, konke bekuhlukile - i-kondratyev yavela emndenini weRoyal Official futhi yayinezikhalazo eziningi ngeseluleko, noma kunjalo, njengoba zinjalo. Indoda yahlela ukulinda amaJalimane bese ishiya nabo. UTeofil Richter wanquma ukushiya umkakhe yedwa futhi washiya nokuphuma. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngoba iziphathimandla zazisho into eyodwa - isiJalimane silinde ukuthathwa kwedolobha ngabadlali bama-fascists kanye namamaki kubahlanganyeli.
Kuboshwe uRichter-Senior waboshwa ngaphansi kwe-Article 54-ha ye-Ukraine SSR ye-Unitherland, wagwetshwa ukudubula nokuthathwa kabusha kwempahla. Izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokubanjwa kwedolobha laseNofila Danilovich Shot. Unina kaSvyatoslav wasala noKondratyev futhi, lapho u-Odessa ededelwa, eshiywe nabahlaseli. Owesifazane wabe esesuka eRomania, ngemuva kwakhe eJalimane futhi iminyaka engama-20 akazange akhulume neNdodana yakhe.
Umculo
Umculo ubelokhu eyisisekelo sempilo kaPianist, mhlawumbe, ngiyabonga kuye, Svyatoslav Theofilovich, kanye namagagasi akhe, wasinda kuwona womabili amagagasi okuhlanzwa kwe-stalinist. Umholi omkhulu wayengenzi mhlakaze emculweni, kepha indodakazi yakhe yayivame ukubeka amarekhodi ngokubulawa kukaRichter. Ukuhlonipha isisebenzi sobuciko kungadala i-svyatoslav - namaJalimane, kanye ne-interleal - akukaze kuboshwe.
Lapho impi iphela, ukuthandwa kwangempela kwafika eCichtera. Uwine umncintiswano wesithathu wokuhlangana kabusha kwabadlali, futhi inkazimulo yalo mholi yaqashelwa kulo lonke i-USSR. Kubukeka sengathi isikhathi safika ngezinkulumo eziseNtshonalanga, kepha lokhu akuzange zivumele le svyatoslav - ubungani buye bathinteka nge-Objena State. Isibonelo, lapho uSergey Prokofiev angena e-Opal, iRichter ngenkani yaqhubeka nokudlala imidlalo yabaqambi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuwukuphela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwenkulumo kaRichter njengomqhubi weColofi wawunikelwa ekwakhiweni kukaProkofiev - i-Concert Symphony ye-Cello nge-Orchestra.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaStalin, kwavulwa ikhethini lensimbi ye-svyatoslav, futhi umculi wadedelwa ukuba adlale eNtshonalanga. Amakhonsathi eNew York ngo-1960 akhiqiza isandiso sangempela. Ngokwenziwa kwekhonsathi yesibili yepiyano yeBrahms Richter, eyokuqala e-USSR, yanikezwa uGrammy ohlonishwayo.
Yize ubudlelwano nezepolitiki ku-pianist bahlala bunzima - akazange aqonde lutho kulo, oluholele ekutheni kube nezifiso ezingaphephile. Khuluma ngeqiniso elihehayo futhi elihlekisayo lengxoxo ne-furtsev.
Ungqongqoshe wesiko wakhalaza eRichtera waya eRostropovich - athi, uhlala ezweni laseWumbulishitsyn. I-Svyatoslav thefilovich yayo isekele kakhulu, iyavuma ukuthi kwakuyihlazo - uMstislava wayenegumbi eliseduze kakhulu, uSolzhensitsyn kungcono ukuhlala eRicter uqobo. Upiyano ubengazi ukuthi yini inkinga nokuthi kungani isitatimende esinjalo siyingozi.
I-repertoire yomculi yayinkulu - kusuka emisebenzini yesikhathi se-baroque kubaqambi besimanje. Abagxeki baphawula inqubo yokubulawa kokubulawa ngokuhlanganiswa nendlela yomuntu siqu yobuciko. Umsebenzi ngamunye owenziwa yiRichter waguqulwa waba isithombe esiqinile, esiqediwe. Umphakathi uRichtera waphefumula.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yeRichter ayizange ilale lutho, yize bekungaphephile nesakhamuzi samahemuhemu e-USSR mayelana nokuma kwakhe.
Umculi wayeshade nomculi we-Opera uNina Dorlyak, ubudlelwano nalo obuqale ngeqiniso lokuthi uSvyatoslav wamcela ukuba enze ndawonye. Kamuva, baphinde banikeze amakhonsathi ahlanganyelwe. Izithombe eziningi ezithinta inhliziyo zasala kulolu hlelo. Kamuva, laba bobabili babhalisa umshado lapho uRich noDorllkak bephila khona iminyaka engama-50. Kodwa-ke, akuzange kuthinte i-peres.
UVera Prokhorov, lapho umculi abengabangane khona amashumi amaningi eminyaka, ezikhumbuzweni nasezingxoxweni zathi umshado wawungamampunge. Lezi zinhlalo zilungisiwe - ubudlelwano phakathi kwabashadikazi bude kakhulu namazinga. Babelala emakamelweni ahlukene, baphendukela komunye nomunye kuphela "nina", babengenazo izingane.
IProkhorov yasabela ngokungapheliyo ngoNina Lvievna, ebheka uMshisi wayo wasekhaya. Ngokusolwa ukuthi uDorllyak wathatha imali ngemali eRicter, kwathi lapho iSvyatoslav Theofilovich efuna ukusiza u-Elena Sergeyevna, umfelokazi uMikhail Bulgakov, kusolwa ukuthi kwadingeka athathe abangane.
Noma kunjalo, yonke impilo yakhe uRichter yadlula ngesandla nomkakhe futhi yakhuluma ngoNina ngemfudumalo eqotho, ibize hhayi umashiqela, kodwa inkosazana.
Usizi lomuntu siqu lwe-svyatoslav kwaba ukuhanjiswa kukamama, okwakungokwakhe njengomuntu osondele kakhulu kanye nesilinganiso sokuziphatha nesimilo. Ukuhlangane no-Anna Pavlovna ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 yokwehlukana, akakwazanga ukumthethelela, yize azange enqabe ukusiza. Kepha abangane bakhulume nje futhi ngokungagangeli, omama abasekho - imaskhi eyodwa.
Ukushona
Emdala, uRichter wahlushwa ukudangala. Ezempilo zaholelwa umculi ngaphandle kokunikeza ikhonsathi futhi zenzele umculo ngokwakhe - umdlali wepiyano akawuthandanga owakhe umdlalo. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokuphila eParis, ngo-1997 uSvyatoslav Theofilovich wabuyela eRussia.URichter ushone ezweni lakubo ngo-Agasti 1, 1997, isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga ngemuva kokubuya. Imbangela yokufa yayingukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, futhi ibinzana laba ngamazwi okugcina opiyano omkhulu:
"Ngikhathele kakhulu".Umngcwabo wawubanjelwe e-Novodevichy Cemetery.
Ukwakhelekile
- 1971 - "Bach I. S. (1685-1750). Ukhiye onolaka kahle. Ingxenye I. "
- 1973 - "Bach I. S. (1685-1750). Ukhiye onolaka kahle. Ingxenye II "
- 1976 - "UMussorgsky M. P. (1839-1881). Izithombe ezivela embukisweni: Walk »
- 1981 - "Tchaikovsky P.I. (1840-1893). Inombolo yekhonsathi 1 ye-F - kodwa nge-Orchestra Si Barol Minor, op. 23 ""
- 1981 - "Schubert F. P. (1797-1828). Sonata Inombolo 9, 11 yepiyano "