I-Biograge
U-Alexander Galich - Umlobi kanye nomculi wezingoma zabo, i-Playwwright kanye neProse, imbongi nombhali wesikrini. Lesi sibongo sendoda - i-Ginzburg, kanye ne-GALICH ingumbono wemibhalo, okuyimbongi eyakhelwa ngosizo lwezincwadi ezivela kumagama akhe, igama kanye ne-pastonyltic.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexander wazalwa ekwindla ka-1918 edolobheni lase-Ukraine laseDnieper, owake waba owayengu-Ekaterinoslave, emndenini wamaJuda. Unina womfana uVeksler Feig uBorisovna wasebenza ngokulondoloziwe, futhi uBaba Aron Samolovovich wasebenza emkhakheni wezomnotho. USasha akuyona ukuphela kwengane emndenini, umfana wayenomfowethu omncane, owayesevele esebenza njengo-opharetha wamafilimu lapho ebudala.
Lapho u-Alexander eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, umndeni wakhe wathuthela eSevastopol, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu eMoscow. Wagcina enhlokodolobha yaseRussia. Ithalente lomlobi osemusha abazali nothisha babonile ebuntwaneni. Ngakho-ke, ukushicilelwa kokuqala kukaGalethi kwavela ephayona Pravda, lapho kuneminyaka engu-13 ubudala.
Kakade kuleyo minyaka uSasha wayazi ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uzoxhunywa ngobuciko, kepha awukwazanga ukunquma ngokuphelele lapho. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuphothula ebangeni le-9, le nsizwa ifika cishe ngesinye isikhathi esitudiyo esimangalisayo se-Opera-Dramatic Studio of Stanislavsky kanye nesikhungo semibhalo, ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ngashiya i-Opera-Dramatic Studio.
Ngo-1939, le nsizwa ingena ku-Alexei Arebuzov kanye ne-studio studio studio. Ukudonswa kuka-Alexander njengoMbalindi Kwenzeka ngonyaka wokufunda, ngokubambisana nabanye abafundi, wadala isimo sokudlala "idolobha eZare". Futhi wabhala ingoma yokudlala futhi wadlala enye yezindima.
Ekuqaleni kwempi, lo mfo wakhululwa ebufakazini bokwelashwa. Kamuva ngeqembu lokuhlola, iGalich iya eGrozny futhi isivele ikhona emshadweni weshashalazi, lapho isebenza khona iminyaka eminingana. Ukuhamba kwembongi kuTashkent kuxhunywe studio of Arbuzova, owadala iqembu leshashalazi futhi wamenywa lapho wangaphambili wawowadi.
Umculo
Umculo oku-Biography waseGalich uvela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950s. Indoda ibhala izingoma futhi iyayenza ngokuzimela, idlala isiginci. Lapho kwakha iculo lomlobi, iBard yaxoshwa esikolweni lezothando futhi ngokushesha yaba ngomunye wabamele abakhanyayo bohlobo. Futhi ngokuqala kokuqoshwa kokuqala kwamathayi, lapho izingoma zilotshwa futhi zilalele izikhathi eziningana, amarekhodi aguqulwe, le ndoda yathola khona udumo olukhulu kakhulu.
Kamuva kamuva, ukudala amaqoqo, le ndoda ayizange ifake izingoma zokuqala ezirekhodiwe kuzo. Futhi imisebenzi eminingana ka-1959-1962 yenqatshelwe yimizimba yombuso ye-USSR, ngoba, ngombono wazo, ayizange ihambisane nama-soviet aesthetics. Ngomqondo wokungabi nabulungiswa ekubukeni kwakhe, i-Phadich isaqhubeka nokubhala izinkondlo zezingoma ezijule futhi zibukhali ngokwezobudlelwano kwezepolitiki ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Vele, konke lokhu kwahlala kuze kube isikhathi esithile futhi, ekugcineni, kwaholela ekungqubuzaneni neziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Indoda yenqabe ukunika amakhonsathi, khiqiza amavesi endatshana yawo kanye namarekhodi aqopha. Ebusheni bakhe, uGalich waba ngumlobi kuphela owakhetha inkululeko, wenqaba impilo ekhululekile nechumayo.
Ngenye indlela, amakhonsathi ka-Ban's ahlelwe amakhonsathi emafulethini, izilaleli zakhe zaqoshwa futhi zasabalalisa amakhasethi ngezingoma. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzi be-KGB balandelela kahle lezi zikhathi, amakhasethi ayevame ukukhishwa, futhi amakhonsathi afuna ukukhansela.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona into embi kakhulu ukuthi kulindeleke ukuthi u-Alexander Arkadyevich. Entwasahlobo yango-1968, iBard inquma ukukhuluma ekhonsathini yomphakathi, eyayibanjelwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lomkhosi wengoma yomlobi eNovosibirsk. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yethu, indoda yenza ingoma ethi "Memory B. L. Pusternak". Futhi inyanga ngemuva kwalomcimbi, kuvela incwadi eshicilelwe ephephandabeni laseNovosibirsk, lapho iGalich ifakwa khona ekwelashweni komphakathi. Ngokushesha ekhelini lakhe kuza izinsongo, ukuvinjelwa kokusebenza kwezingoma nokucindezelwa.
Ukuzama ukungakunaki ukusabela kweziphathimandla kamuva, unyaka kamuva, u-Alexander Galich ukhipha incwadi yokuqala ethi "Izingoma". Isitembu sibandakanyeka endlini yokushicilela yakwamanye amazwe "yokulwa namaSoviet" Ukuhlwanyela ". Kulokhu ngo-1971, ngaphambi konyaka omusha, indoda ingafakwa ku-USSR Writers 'Union, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo iyayeka ukuba yilungu le-Literary Foundation kanye neNyunyana yama-cinematographs.
Ngesikhathi somsebenzi njengomlobi wezingoma nezinkondlo i-Galech yadala imisebenzi eminingi. Iningi labo bonke abalandeli balithanda incwadi ethi "Lapho ngibuya," i-ballad emlilweni waphakade nangokuqwashisa, ingoma ye-bard "futhi ngesici" nezinye izindatshana.
Amafilimu
Esikhathini sokuqala sempilo, i-playwright Galich yadala kuphela imidlalo yezemidlalo. Esikhathini kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1959, wabhala imidlalo engu-6, kufaka phakathi "umgwaqo wabafana", "izindlela esizikhethayo", njll. Ngo-1958, imbongi yakha a Ukudlala okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuthula kwe-syrosk". I-Premiere yahlelwa ukuba ibanjelwe eshashalazini le- "Wanamuhla", ngaleso sikhathi elivulwe ngalo ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, lo mbumbulu awumiselwe ukwenzeka, kwathi okokuqala ngqa izilaleli zibona umkhiqizo ngemuva kokushona kombhali, ngo-1988.
Ngo-1954, indoda yakha imibhalo yokuqala yamafilimu. Ukukhumbuleka kakhulu kubabukeli kanye nabagxeki ifilimu kwakungupende "ngemimoya eyisikhombisa", "isigebengu sesimo", "ubugebengu besimo sesibili", "kugijima kumaza amagagasi" nabanye. Ngo-1964, ngefilimu "ubugebengu boMbuso" uGaliphi unikeze idipriploma ye-KGB ye-USSR.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomkakhe kaValentina Arkhangels GALICH wahlangana eTashkent. Owesifazane wayengumlingisi. Umfowabo wakhe omdala uRostislav Arkhangelsy ungumqhubi kanye nomqambi. Okwesikhashana, abantu abasha bahlangana, nangemva kokuthuthela eMoscow banquma ukwenza okusemthethweni ubudlelwano. Futhi cishe ngokushesha ngemuva komshado, baqala ukucabanga ngezingane, ngakho-ke ngemuva konyaka uValentine wabeletha umyeni wakhe endodakazini ka-Alexander. Kodwa-ke, impilo yomuntu siqu yembongi yayingajabuli ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Eminyakeni engu-2 ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane ehlanganayo, uValentine unquma ukuthuthela e-Irkutsk, ngoba uthola indawo yomlingisi oholayo enduku yendawo. Ubudlelwano bukude bunzima ukunikeza abantu abasha, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuholela ehlukanisweni.
U-Alexander Arkadyevich akazange ahlupheke ngesizungu nango-1947 waphinda washada. Kulokhu imbongi ekhethiwe yaba u-Angelina Nikolaevna Shekrot. Naphezu kokuvukela komuntu umyeni wakhe, lona wesifazane wayenaye aze afe, wamlindela ekhaya futhi wamthanda kokugcina.
Ngo-1967, imininingwane ngokuzalwa kukaGalihlo indodana ephethe umsele kwavela kwabezindaba. Ukuzala kwakhe igama likaGorky Sophia Mikhnova-Voitenko. Umfana wabiza uGrisha wabhala igama likamama.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila yayishubile ka-Alexander Galich. Ukukhipha amalungelo akhe njengombhali nomculi wezingoma, ukuvimba indlela yokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka komsebenzi, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni zaba nomthelela ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ngo-1974 indoda ebethwele e-USSR.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezimbili zokuthi wakwenza kanjani emithonjeni yaleyo minyaka. Abanye bathi e-visa yakwa-Israyeli, futhi abanye bathi ukufuduka kwenzeka ngaphansi kwesigaba sokushiya umhlangano waseNorway. Ezinyangeni ezi-4 emva kwalokhu, yonke imisebenzi ka-Alexander Arkadyevich - Izincwadi, izingoma, izinkondlo kanye nokudlala e-USSR futhi zincishe indoda yokuba yisakhamuzi.
Ukushiya iSoviet Union, u-Alexander Arkadyevich eNorway. Lapho, ukhiqiza umlando wakhe wokuqala we-vinyl "ukukhala okuhlaziyelwe" ("ukunyenyela kwe-Creek") ngezingoma eziyi-12. Embozelweni werekhodi abekwe isithombe somlobi ngesiginci ezandleni zakhe. Kamuva, iGalichi isuka eMunich, khona-ke, isivele ihlala isikhathi eside, ikhetha iParis.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, u-Alexander ubeka impilo kanye nomkakhe. Kodwa-ke, i-idyll yabo endaweni entsha yahlala isikhathi eside. Inhlekelele eyenzeka nembongi ngokusobala yayimiselwe ukuphela.
Ngosuku olulodwa, unkosikazi kaGalich waya esitolo sokuthenga, futhi le ndoda ngaleso sikhathi yanquma ukuxhuma ngokuzimela i-antenna kwi-TV. Ngenxa yokushaqeka, le ndoda yafa ngoDisemba 15, 1977. Imbangela yokufa yayingukukhucululwa kukagesi, okuyi-GALICH athola ngenxa yokuphathwa okungalungile kogesi.
Lapho umkakhe emthola efulethini, wayesaphila, kepha njengoba odokotela baya endaweni yenhlekelele isikhathi eside, u-Alexander akakwazanga ukusindisa. Isikhathi esithile kwakukhona amahlebezi okuthi imbongi ayifanga ngengozi, futhi ukubulawa kwakhe kwalungiswa kusengaphambili futhi kwahlelwa. Kodwa-ke, le nguqulo ayitholanga ukuqinisekiswa, futhi wonke umuntu owayesendaweni yokufa kukaGalich naye amemezele ingozi.
Umngcwabo ka-Alexander Arkadyevich wadlula ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngemuva kokufa. Ithuna lembongi liseParis, emathuneni aseRussia.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kokukhishwa kwezincwadi nezingoma zembongi kususwe ngo-1980. Ngokusobala, ukwamukela ithalente lika-Alexander Arkadyevich, ngo-1993 iziphathimandla zezwe zanquma ukubuyisela ubuzwe.
Ukwakhelekile
- Ngo-1968 - "Novosibirsk 1968"
- 19711-1972 - "U-Alexander Galich"
- 1967-1974 - "Lapho Ngibuya"
- Ngo-1974 - "Ukukhala okuhleliwe"
- Ngo-1975 - "I-Galich kwa-Israyeli"
- 1990 - "Ubusuku Bebusuku"
- 1994 - "Memory"
Izics
- 1951 - "Ezitendeni"
- 1953-1954 - "Ku-Raft"
- 1960 - "Risen" kathathu "
- Ngo-1964 - "Isigebengu Sombuso"
- Ngo-1964 - "Idolobha Elihle"
- Ngo-1965 - "Intsha Yesithathu"
- Ngo-1967 - "Ukugijima Kumagagasi"
- 1970 - "UTaimyr Uyakubangela"
- 1976 - "Lapho ngibuya"