I-Ivan Effemov - Biography, Izithombe, Impilo Yakho, Izincwadi

I-Biograge

U-Ivan Effemov ungumthwali wolwazi lwe-Encyclopedic, aluthola lusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza kusilinganiso esimangalisayo nemininingwane yemisebenzi emnandi nemnandi. Izincwadi zakhe zisemgqeni owodwa ngemisebenzi ka-Isaac Azimov, uHerbert Welx noStanislav Lem. I-biography yososayensi futhi umlobi akajabulisi kangako kunobuhlakani.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Ubaba ka-Ivan Effemova, u-Antipa Kharitovich, ovela kumlimi olula, ukhiphe abathengisi, wathola isikhundla someluleki we-titar. Ngemuva kokuvukelwa kuka-1917 nesehlukaniso sabazali, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo kwadingeka ashintshe igama eliphakathi futhi abe ngu-Ivan Antonovich, ukuze angadonseli ukunaka kokuba yilungu lesigaba esicebile.

Umama kaBarbara alexandrovna wabandakanyeka ezinganeni, isikhathi esiningi esikhokha i-vale encane. UMfoweth 'wayebuhlungu, futhi umndeni ngo-1914 wathuthela e-Ukraine berdyansk. Lapho lapho u-Ivan eya e-Gymnasium.

Ngokuqala kwempi yombango, i-Effemov yafika ngaphambili, yathola ukungqubuzana futhi yathunyelwa isikhashana. I-Demobilised, yathuthela ePetrograd, yasebenza njengesilayishi, umshayeli, othweswe iziqu esikoleni. Esikhathini sakhe samahhala, ngafunda, ngaphezu kwezinganekwane, izincwadi nge-biology, i-zoology nemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lapho efunde ku-Navigator, u-Ivan wabanjwa oLwandle i-Okhotsk, futhi lapho ebuyele emuva engene eyunivesithi, emnyangweni wezinto eziphilayo.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1920s, i-Effemov yaba nentshisekelo ku-geology, yaphosa i-University futhi yafunda esikhungweni sezintaba. Ukuphuma kokucwaninga kuhambile ama-Urals naseMongolia, eCentral Asia neSiberia. Ngo-1935, iziqu zobunqunuko zesayensi yemvelo zanikezwa inhlanganisela yomsebenzi nge-paleontology. Ngaphambi kwempi uqobo, umlobi wavikela i-dissertation yakhe yodokotela.

Into yokufunda

U-Alexey Tolstoy waphendula ngesitayela se-Effemova njengekhandeka kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye esihle. U-Ivan ngokwakhe wathi engxoxweni "umuzwa wolimi akazange akhule emikhondweni yezinkondlo," futhi ngenxa yomsebenzi omude, ukunqoba ubunzima kanye nasekuvezweni kwezingane ezigciniwe. Futhi uyibize ngokunembile i-picer, hhayi isayensi.

U-Ivan unxuse umsebenzi wezemibhalo ngesikhathi sokuphuma eKazakhstan. Ukugula nge-typhoid, i-efreemov yaphenduka isikhathi eside esiboshwe embhedeni futhi yaqala ukubhala izindaba nezindaba. Ngalesi sikhathi, "uMarseille Morseille" kanye "nezindlela zenkanyezi", "izindlela zabavukuzi ezindala" kanye "nezindlela zokuhlola izintaba" kanye "ne-lake of rainbow jets".

E "Imfihlo ye-Ellinsky" yayimayelana nento enjengememori yofuzo. "Kumhlangano ngaphezulu kwe-tuskaroi" Umbhali uboniswe enkingeni yokuqongelelwa kwamanzi "esindayo" ekujuleni kolwandle. "I-OLG-KHORHA" inikelwe ekufuneni isibungu esikhulu ekujuleni kwama-mongolia steppes. "I-Catty Sork", ngokusho kwe-Effemov, yaba nomthelela ekusindisweni kwesikebhe esisedume ngokuqokwa. Ngemuva kokushicilela indaba eNgilandi, umkhumbi wadluliselwa esigabeni semnyuziyamu, umbhali watshelwa abafundi baseBrithani.

Umbhali, ophikisana ne-Fiction ngamaqiniso esayensi, waziqhenya ngokuzithandela - izehlakalo ezichazwe ngazo zithole i-embodiment yangempela. Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, amadiphozi we-mercury kanye nemihume ngemidwebo yabantu abadala, amashubhu e-kimbite eYakutia kanye nezici zokwakheka kwamakristali awuketshezi kwatholakala. Izinto ezijulile ezikwazi ukuhlola i-seaged futhi zishayela kahle kuyo, njengase- "Fakopo atoll". Futhi izitimela ngejubane le-300 km / h kanye nento yansuku zonke.

Lesi sakhiwo sawo "izithunzi zangesikhathi esedlule sasungulwa yi-Ivan's fantasy mayelana nokuthi izehlakalo zesikhathi esedlule ziboniswa kanjani emadwaleni acile ngokukhanyisa. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uLuel Laureate uphika i-Gabor yaqinisa kahle umphumela we-holographic.

I-Etude "izithombe ezinhlanu ezimnandi" ze-Effemov zibhale ukusekela umculi u-Andrei Sokolov, inkosi yezindikimba ze-Space ekupendweni. Ngokusekelwe kwindwangu yakhe "i-Elevator eCosmos" ngu-Artur Clark, inoveli ethi "Amafonti weParadedi" asungulwa ngu-Arthur Clark.

Endabeni 'yenhliziyo yenyoka' u-Ivan wakhumbula njengento yamaphutha. Ukushicilelwa kokuqala akuzange kudlulise abahleli abalungile futhi kwabangela ukulimala okuningi kusuka engxenyeni yabafundi, savvy ekhemisi nase-anatomy. IGlogy "emaphethelweni ama-okumens" agxile kwimininingwane yokuphila kwezigqila esikhathini saseGibhithe lasendulo neGrisi yasendulo.

I-EfreeMEVOV ayibonanga ikusasa lobuntu ngaphandle kokuxhumana nezinye izimpucuko, ngaphandle kokuzijabulisa ukujula kwesikhala esingaphandle. Ekuhesheni ogwadule, ososayensi be-Gobi bakhumbula umbono wenoveli ethi "Timbal Andromeda". Incwadi iqukethe imibala echazwe ngombala okushiwo yimibala yezinganekwane zesayensi yesayensi: imiphumela yokuphathwa budedengu ngemithombo yamandla enuzi kanye nezinto ezindizayo ezingemuva, ukudla okunempilo okubonakalayo.

"Ihora le-Roman" yehora ", elinikezelwe kumkaTaisiya - umzekeliso wefilosofi wokuthi ama-tatalitarianical ayingozi kangakanani. Njengamaqhawe okude edlule kulo, abalingiswa abavela ku- "Timbal Andromeda" kukhulunywa ngaye. Lo msebenzi usosayensi wafuna ukuphikisana nozakwethu ababheka impilo njengendlela eya ekufeni, lapho umuntu enikela khona ngaphansi kokukhanya kwezilwane, lapho kunqotshwa khona ukukhanya.

I-EfreeMEMOV ikholelwa ukuthi umuntu, njengesidalwa esicabanga futhi etholwe ngememori, hhayi ngama-reflexes, akwazi ukuwela isigaba sentuthuko yemvelo. Futhi ngokuzayo, impucuko yasemhlabeni izofaka amanani omphakathi nenhlalo kwasekuqaleni.

Ubunzima bokugcina baka-Ivan Effemov kwakuwukulandisa kwe-heter yase-Athene yase-Athene, umngani ka-Alexander umMakedoniya neNkosi i-Egypt Ptolemy. Lesi sidalwa sesikhashana sanikela ngamaqiniso omlando. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, inoveli yaphenduka iculo lothando, ubuhle, ingqondo kanye nokwethembeka. Incwadi ethi "Tais Athene" yaphuma ngemuva kokushona komlobi.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Unkosikazi wokuqala ka-Ivan Effemova waba ngummeleli wesayensi ophakathi. IKsenia yindodakazi kaSolwazi Geology, i-Academian Nikolai Svitalsky, umcwaningi wama-Ore Deposits, lapho kwakhiwa isitshalo esidumile se-Magnitogorsk metallurlical. Ngakho-ke, bahlekisa ukuthi kulo mshado umlobi wafuna ukukhipha izinzuzo zomsebenzi. I-heroine yenoveli ethi "i-razor blade" sim metalin ibhalwe nje ngeKesenia. Azikho izingane kulo mndeni.

Ukuhambisa Inhlangano yePaleozoological, lapho usosayensi esebenza khona, kusukela eLeningrad eya eMoscow wethulwa futhi washintsha empilweni yomuntu siqu. Enhloko-dolobha ye-Effemov yathutha vele nomfazi wesibili ka-Elena Kolukova. Ngokushesha indodana ka-Allan yazalwa. Igama lengane lakhetha uyise ukuhlonipha isimilo esivela enoveli ethi "CASTION TOOL SOLOMON" yombhali waseBrithani uHenry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagry Hagard. U-Allan wangena ezinyathelweni zikaYise - waba nesithakazelo ku-geology.

U-Elena washona ngo-1961, ngemuva konyaka u-Ivan washada noTaisiya Yukhnevskaya. Usosayensi wahlangana nowesifazane ngo-1950, lapho esebenza njengombhalo osesikhungweni, wabe eseba ngunobhala we-Effemov.

Naphezu kwegama eliphakeme, abashadikazi baphila ngokuthobeka. Ukusuka ezintweni ezibonakalayo "okweqile" kwakukhona kuphela imoto ethengiwe yi-Ivan ngemuva kokuthola umklomelo we-Stalin ngocwaningo lwesayensi. Umlobi waze wafika ezinsukwini zokugcina ehlala eyindoda, eyenzeka egumbini labesifazane labingelela, bakhonza ijazi ngisho nakumantombazane.

Ukushona

I-Ivan Effemov yesokunxele ngo-Okthoba 1972, emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kubonise uzakwabo kwi-dissertation. Imbangela yokufa, ngokusho komfelokazi waseTaii, yaba yisifo senhliziyo. Isidumbu sikamufi ngosuku lwesibili sasishiswa, futhi leli qiniso ngasizathu simbe labangela izinsolo ze-KGB.

Emva kwenyanga ngemuva komngcwabo, abantu abangu-11 abavela eLubyanskaya Square baseshwa efulethini lomlobi, kufaka phakathi ophahleni kanye nezindonga zomtshina wensimbi. Lokho effemov okusolwa futhi kwahlala kungaziwa. Kepha kuze kube yi-70s, imibhalo ka-Ivan ayizange ishicilelwe, futhi igama lemibuthano yesayensi lashiwo ngokuhlebezeka, yize iqiniso lokuthi usosayensi wayengumsunguli wendlela ehlukile - i-taphonomi. Kusuka emitatsheni yezincwadi, ngokwemilayezo yabezikhathi zabantu, bazama ukususa "inkunzi yehora" laseRoma, bayivumba phakathi kwemigqa yenkulumo-ze elwa noSoviet.

Umlotha we-Ivan Effemova ungcwatshwe emathuneni eKomarovo, eduzane naseSt. Petersburg. Isitofu se-Basalt esifakwe ethuneni, futhi kuso - i-polyhedon evela kwi-labradorite yamaminerali enegama eliqoshiwe nezinsuku zokuzalwa nokufa.

Amacaphuna

"I-fantasy yi-shaft, ikhuphuka lapho ungabona khona kakhulu, makeze ngisho nasemifuleni engacacile." Kuzoba khona umphakathi wamaKhomanisi ongewona owabalangabi, noma kungabikho uthuli nesihlabathi emhlabathini ofile. "" Isikhathi kuzofika - kanye nabelimele begama elibizwa ngokuthi "umsebenzi omnyama" kuzonyamalala emhlabeni, kwenziwa kanjani ukuthi izwe lethu laseBurlaca, ukumbiwa, kungangabazi ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, kuzokwenzeka ukuthi izinzuzo ezibonakalayo zizokwenziwa Endabeni evaliwe yezobuchwepheshe - izibhamu zomshini, amarobhothi, imishini yekhompyutha ye-elekthronikhi - futhi umuntu uzomnika ubuhlakani ngokuphelele. "

I-Bibliography

• "Katty Sark"
• "Ukuhlangana ngaphezulu kweTuskoroi"
• "I-Hursetory HurH-and-Cheat"
• "UCaptain GACATHINA"
• "Izinkanyezi Imikhumbi"
• "Ekugcineni uMarseille"
• "Umlilo wesihogo"
• "Emaphethelweni we-OKumen"
• "Bay of Rainbow Jets"
• "Atoll fakofo"
• "Yurt Voron"
• "Razor blade"
• "I-nebula ka-Andromeda"
• "I-Hour Bull"
• "Tais Athene"