I-Biograge
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi imifanekiso yezinganekwane zika-Alexander Pushkin - Mayelana neTsar Saltan, i-cockan yegolide, umdobi kanye nenhlanzi, u-Ivan Tsarevich, impisi yomlilo nempisi engwevu. Le misebenzi eyingqayizivele yobuciko idale umdwebi-umklami u-Ivan Bilibin - Umfundi we-Ilya Repin, umbhali wokhozi onamakhanda aphindwe kabili.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Ilya Yakovlevich Bullibin wazalwa ngo-4 (16) Agasti 1876 edolobhaneni laseTarkovka (manje - ingxenye yeSestoretsk), eduze naseSt. Petersburg, njengomndeni ophawulekile nofundile. Ukuhunyushwa kokuqala kokuzalwa kwama-bullibin kubhalwa yisikhathi seBhodi lika-Ivan kubi.
Ubaba uYakov Ivanovich wasebenza njengodokotela wezempi: waqala ngodokotela omncane womkhumbi, wabe esesukuma waya kumgcini omkhulu wesibhedlela sasemanzini edolobheni laseLatava. Wabamba iqhaza empini yaseRussia - yaseTurkey yango-1877-1878. Umama Varvara Alexandrovna futhi uxhumeke nolwandle - ubesekela unjiniyela wezempi. Uwuthande umculo, wawunomdlalo ophelele epiyano, ngenkathi efunda kumqambi odumile u-Anton Grigorievich rubinstein.
Abazali banikeza u-Ivan imfundo ehloniphekile. Ngo-1888, umfana wangena eSt Petersburg Gymnasium yokuqala, aphothula izindondo zesiliva.
UBhinibin osemusha usudonsele kusukela esemncane, umsebenzi wakhe wahlukaniswa amakhono opende kanye nokuma kwangempela kweziza. Kepha akazange acabangele umsebenzi wobuciko abaphambili. Ngo-1895 kuphela kuphela, ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa e-University of St. Petersburg lapho uqondisa khona i-rususprudence, wangena esikoleni sobuciko nge-Imperial Society of the Curnist of the Curnists.
Eminyakeni yabafundi, u-Ivan Yakovlevich uhudule ulwazi ngo-Anton Ashbe eMunich, e-Irya Repin edumile - okokuqala e-Masterss of Princess Maria FinevSkaya, nangemva kokuthola iDiploma yommeli, kusukela ngo-1900 kuya ku-1904, e-Imperial Academy of Arts.
Mhlawumbe kwakuyindiphi ebeka ukufakwa okukhethekile ku-bilibin ye-Bilibin: Ukuvuma ithalente lika-Ifa Efimovich, kuzame ukumshaya, umculi osemusha ngehora leshumi akazange aphume etafuleni, athuthukise imidwebo nemidwebo, eyathola igama lesidlaliso.
Ngo-1898, u-Ivan Bilibin wangena ekubuzeni izwe lobuciko, ekuqaleni kwamsiza ukuba ahlele imibukiso.
Ukupenda
Ngokwezinkumbulo zesimanje sangoGregory Klimov, umakhi wezakhiwo kanye nomngane osondelene no-Ivan Yakovlevich, isigaba esinqumayo empilweni yeBilibina-Umdwebi kwakungu-1899 ngesifundazwe se-TVE. UKlimov wabhala:
"Kwenziwe imidwebo nemidwebo yezwe laseRussia eliseduze - ama-paws amakhulu okufikelwa okudala, ama-mugs abomvu e-Emerald MSH, imifula emahlathini ethule emzaneni waseGibhithe, emholeni ngokuzithandela emcabangweni wokufanekisa isiRussia inganekwane."Beka ukuphrinta nesithombe seViktor Vasnetsov "Bogatyry". Ngaphandle kokushiya isifundazwe se-Tver, u-Ivan BIlibin wadala umfanekiso wencwadi ethi "inganekwane ngo-Ivan Tsarevich, inyoni yomlilo nempisi engwevu."
Noma ekuqaleni kokuqamba, umdwebi wasebenza ngendlela eyingqayizivele ye-bilinino: okokuqala wapenda i-contour, bese uyigcwalisa nge-watercolor, engahlanganyeli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wasebenzisa ibhulashi lekholomu ngethiphu e-oblique. Kulokhu, umdwebi okholelwa ukuthi imidwebo enonembeza idonsela ngokwanele amasentimitha ayisikwele amabili ngosuku.
Idalwe ngezinganekwane ezintathu zemidwebo - "ku-Ivan Tsarevich ...", "Tsareavna-Frog" kanye ne- "Vasilisa enhle" - isibonakaliso sabaqalayo silethwe kulungiswa kokulungiswa kwamaphepha wombuso. Bakhiqize i-farrur yangempela, futhi uBilibina wacela ukuthenga amalungelo encwadini. Ngakho-ke isitayela saseBilibinsky saziwa kabanzi.
Eminyakeni elandelayo, isimemezelo benza inganekwane "uVasilisa ethandekayo", edala isithombe sikaBaba Yaga, okuhlobisa ukuthi kube nalolu suku lwezincwadi zokufunda, "kuvuseleleka" izinganekwane " Futhi uMfoweth 'u-Ivanushka "," Tale mayelana ne-Tsar Saltan ", inkondlo kaSadko.
Ugqugquzelwe isithombe seVasnetsov "Bogatyyri", uBilibin wabhala ama-rilomets akhe, u-Alyosh Popovich kanye noDobryna Nikitich, bengeza inyunyana yabo ngesithombe seSnake Gortynych. Ubuye wazizalela njengoMklami Wamakhadi Omkhosi (wosuku lwengelosi noKhisimusi) kanye ne-PR, ukudweba ubhiya wokukhangisa "New Bavaria".
Ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa ngo-1905, uhulumeni wesikhashana wanxusa ku-Ivan Yakovlevich ngesicelo sokudala ijazi lezingalo. Ukhozi olunamakhanda adumile luvele esigabeni seNkosi, okwakukhona uphawu olusemthethweni lweRussia ngo-1917-1918. Futhi yize izikhulu ezinesusiwe zesithombe, kubantu bakwa-Eagle babiza i- "Bold Inkukhu", ngoba emaphethelweni enyoni ayinalo intonga noma amandla.
Ngo-1907, uBilibin wabuyela emphakathini wombuso ukuze athuthukiswe abaculi, kulokhu njengomfundisi. Iminyaka eyi-10 wafundisa ubuciko bemidwebo. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kwakunguGerorgy Narbut, uKonstantin Eliseev, uNikolai Kuzmin kanye nomlingani wakhe wesikhathi esizayo uRene O'Connell.
Ngo-1908-1911, u-Ivan Yakovlevich wadala imidwebo yezingubo nezindawo ze-Opera Nikolai rimsky-Korsakov "i-Colly Cockerel" kanye "nodumo noziphindiselela" uFyodor Solefila, udwetshwe izingubo zedrama Lope de Vegi "Oven Fuente"
Ngo-1917, izikhathi eziyinkimbinkimbi zaqala ngeRussia. Ukugijima esixukwini esiphukile, uBilibin wahamba e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi: wahlala eGibhithe, khona-ke eCairo, eSyria nasePalestine. Ngo-Agasti 1925 wathuthela eParis wabuyela kumqambi. I-Bilibin yadalwa indawo ye-ballet igor stravinsky "Umlilo-bird", imidwebo edwetshwe yezinganekwane zezinganekwane zabafowethu Grimm kanye "nenkulungwane nobusuku obubodwa."
Ngezikhathi ezithile u-Ivan Yakovlevich wadonsela "umphefumulo": izindawo zomhlaba ("iGibhithe. Imibhoshongo", "eningizimu yeFrance", "i-Olive Chirikova), imidwebo yenganekwane (" I-bird alconost "kanye ne-" Paradise bird Sirin ").
Ngo-1936, umphefumulo womdwebi ufisa ukubuyela ekhaya. Wahlala eLeningrad, wasebenza, waze wafika. UBilibin washiya ukuphuma futhi wasala edolobheni ebekwe amaJalimane. Umsebenzi wokugcina wawungumdwebo wemifanekiso yeziqephu "Duk Stepanovich" ngo-1941.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Ivan Bilibin washada kathathu. Ngamunye walowo oshade naye wayengumuntu wokudala, ngakho-ke wonke umculi wahlangana e-Imperial Society ukukhuthaza abaculi.
Unkosikazi wokuqala waba udokotela ongumNgisi ngezimpande ze-Ireland Maria Ama-Amakherser. Ngo-1902, lo mbhangqwana wahlanganiswa nomshado, kwathi ngemuva konyaka kamuva, indodana yokuqala u-Alexander wavela. Ngo-1908, u-Ivan wazalwa. Umndeni wakwaBhilibin uBilibin wayekhona cishe iminyaka eyishumi, kwathi ngo-1911 Maria, wahluleka ukubekezelela ukudakwa komyeni wakhe, wafaka isehlukaniso. Ngo-1914, waya eNgilandi, wathatha izingane kanye naye.
Okwesibili u-Ivan Yakovlevich naye washada ku-English Rene O'Connell. Umshado wabo uthathe iminyaka emihlanu, kusukela ngo-1912 kuya ku-1917. Izingane zazingenazo.
Unkosikazi wesithathu nowokugcina kaBilibina waba ngu-Alexander Shchchatikhin, owayenendodana kaMstislav emshadweni wokuqala. Impilo yabo yomuntu siqu yayicebile ekuhambeni: IGibhithe, iPalestine, uCairo, eFrance, bavakashela bonke ndawonye, babuyela eLeningrad. Ngo-1942, u-Alexandra Ovdovel. Wasinda kumyeni wakhe iminyaka engama-25, futhi engashadanga okwesithathu.
U-Ivan Bilibin wayeyi-massone, wangena embhedeni waseRussia "eNyakatho Star" eParis. Kamuva, wadala umphakathi wakhe "mahhala iRussia" kwathi ngo-1932 wayeyigumbi lakhe elibi.
Ukushona
Ukubuyela eLeningrad ngo-1936, uBilibin, kanye nonkosikazi wakhe nendodana yakhe, bahlala endlini yendlu 25 emgwaqweni. I-geric (manje - ul. Liza Chaykina). Endlini kunamabhodi amabili eSikhumbuzo (ukwahlulela ngesithombe, alengise, yize aphikisana naye). OLUNYE:
"Lapha kusuka ngo-1937 kuya ku-1942, umdwebi wethiyetha kanye nezincwadi i-Ivan Yakovlevich uBilibin waphila futhi wasebenza.Okunye:
"Kule Ndlu, abaculi abakhulu baseRussia bakaBilibin Ivan Yakovlevich bahlala kule Ndlu (1876-1942) noShchchatikina-Pototskaya Alexander Vasilyevna (1892-1967)."
Lapho, ngenxa yokubhoka amabhomu ebuFascist, efulethini laphenduka alinakulungela ukuphila, u-Ivan Bilibin wathuthela egumbini elingaphansi le-Imperial Society ukuze likhuthaze abaculi, okwakuyikhaya lesibili. NgoFebhuwari 7, 1942, waphuthunyiswa esibhedlela ngaphansi kwe-Imperial Academy of ACHS, lapho kungekudala washona uFrostbite nasendlala.
Isikhombisi sathola ukuthula kokugcina ethuneni labaprofesa labaprofesa be-Academy of Acts eduze neSmolensk Cemetery.
Ukusebenza
Imifanekiso yezinganekwane:
- 1899-1901 - "Tsarevna-Frog"
- Ngo-1899 - "I-Tale of Ivan Tsarevich, Fire-bird kanye impisi empunga"
- Ngo-1899-1900 - "Vasilisa Lovely"
- Ngo-1901 - "UDade u-Alyonushka no-Brantz Ivanushka"
- 1902 - "Idada Elimhlophe"
- Ngo-1905 - "Inganekwane yeTsar Saltan"
- Ngo-1906 - "Inganekwane ye-Collerel yegolide"
Imidwebo yezingubo nezindawo zokudlala:
- 1908 - "Isenzo ku-teofil"
- Ngo-1908 - "Ukudoba ngabadobi nezinhlanzi"
- I-1908-1909 - I-Colden Cockerel
- Ngo-1908 - "Hlonipha Futhi Ukuziphindisela"
- Ngo-1914 - Sadoko
- 1930 - "Boris GodInov"
- Ngo-1937 - "I-Tale of Tsar Saltan"