I-Biograge
UChernyshevsky uthe ngezincwadi zikaSergei Aksakov, "iqiniso lizwakala ekhasini lonke." Ulimi oluhlukile lwemisebenzi, lugcwele "amagugu esichazamazwi Sikazwelonke", kanye nekhono lokuveza imvelo nendoda ebunyeni obunye obuhlukaniswe - lezi yizinzuzo zakhe, manje zifunda yonke into - kusukela kwabasenkulisa kuya kososayensi.Ubuntwana nentsha
USergey Timofeevich Aksakov wazalwa efeni laseNovo-Aksakovo Orenburg ngo-1791. Umndeni wawungowobukhosi obudala, kepha wayempofu. USerge wayenabafowethu ababili nodadewethu abathathu. Ubaba wasebenza njengomshushisi eNkantolo yaseZemsky, futhi umama wezwa intokazi efundile eyakhiwa yile ntokazi, eyayithanda izincwadi nezazi futhi zize zibe nemibhalo enezimpawu ezidumile.
Umkhulu uStakan Mikhailovich, "kwabasebenzi bezenhlalo nakwamandla - iphayona", kanye neNhlangano Yezisebenzi, banikezwa umthelela omkhulu ekukhuphukeni komfana. Imemori yezwe elihle le-folklore, athintana naye ebuntwaneni, yinganekwane ye- "Sclet Flower", ebikwe yi-pelagey ebalulekile futhi aqophe eminyakeni eminingi kamuva ngememori.
Ngo-1799, uSergey ucela ukufunda kwendawo yokuzivocavoca yasendaweni, kamuva uba ngumfundi weNew Kazan University. Imisebenzi yokuqala yombhali osemusha owabona ukukhanya, yaba yizinkondlo ezibhalwe esitayelweni sabafundi abanothando, ababebekwe ebekwe ngomagazini abafundi ababhalwe ngesandla.
Ngo-1807, eneminyaka eyi-15, ngaphandle kokuqeda inkambo yasenyuvesi, uSergey Aksakov wathuthela eMoscow, futhi ukusuka lapho waya eSt. Petersburg. Lapho, wasebenza njengomhumushi futhi wawuhlanganisa umbuthano 'wezingxoxo zabathandi begama laseRussia' kanye no-Ivan Krylov, u-Alexander Shishkov kanye nabanye abaseJeequini bolimi lwendabuko. Ngemuva kwalokho wabhala izinkondlo, ngokwendalo yakhe yobusha ngesitayela - ngaleso sikhathi, u-Aksakov wadumazeka esikoleni samaRomalics futhi wasuka wasuka ekutholeni. Inkondlo yakhe edume kakhulu - "Nansi izwe lami."
Kamuva, uSergey Timofeevich wangena emvelweni yeshashalazi futhi waqala ukuhumushela imidlalo, kanye nokukhuluma ngokugxekwa kwemibhalo kumamagazini asezingeni eliphakeme kanye namaphephandaba. Ngo-1827, i-Aksakov yathola ukucwaninga ekomitini lokubala uMosescow, kodwa wamlahlekelwa unyaka ngemuva kokuphuthelwa yi-ballad ehlekisayo yeV. Protashinsky, lapho amaphoyisa eMoscow avele khona ekukhanyeni okungekuhle.
Ngesikhathi umbhali esewatholile inani elikhulu lethayi eliwusizo nokuthandana futhi wakwazi ukuthola ngokushesha indawo entsha yomhloli osesikoleni seKonstantInovskkky Survey School.
Ngawo-1820s, indlu ka-Aksakova yindawo yokuqoqa izibalo zemibhalo yenhloko-dolobha, lapho omele imisipha enemivimbo, akazange anamathele ezikhungweni . Ngomgqibelo odumile "weMigqibelo" e-Boymetric House of Sergey Timofeevich, abadlali abaziwayo abaziwayo bangena, kwathi ngo-1849 bagubha iminyaka yakhe engama-40 uNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.
Into yokufunda
Ngo-1826, umlobi wathola ukucwaninga. Ngesikhathi eseshadile eseshadile, futhi umndeni kwadingeka uthuthele eMoscow. U-Aksakov wathanda ukuchitha isikhathi emvelweni, futhi uSergei Timofeevid uqobo naye wayengumzingeli onothando, ngakho-ke ehlobo basuka edolobheni.
Ngo-1837, uBaba wase-Akelaakov wafa, eshiya indodana yakhe ifa elikhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela enikeza ithuba lokugxila ekubhaleni, emndenini nakwezomnotho. Umbhali uthenge u-Abramtsevo - ifa lama-50 very avela eMoscow, namuhla elinesimo se-Museum-Reserve, futhi ahlala lapho.
USergey Aksakov wabhala izindatshana ezimfushane, ikakhulukazi izibuyekezo, kepha ngo-1834, e-Almana, uDennitsa ubonakala "ngesitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele, lapho kuboniswa khona isitayela esiyingqayizivele. Njengoba sesithole ukubuyekezwa okuningi kwezolando kanye nokuthola udumo emibuthanweni yezemibhalo, i-Aksakov yaqala "incwadi yeziKronike zomndeni".
Ngo-1847, waphendukela kulwazi lwesayensi yemvelo kanye nemibono futhi wabhala "amanothi adumile" mayelana nenkathi yezinhlanzi ", futhi ngemuva kweminye iminyaka engu-5 -" amanothi womzileli wesibhamu ", ahlangane nabafundi abajabulayo.
"Asikaze sibe nencwadi enjalo."Ngakho-ke u-Ivan Sergeyevich Turgegenis wabhalela ngentshiseko ekubuyekezweni kokuqala ukuza. Umlobi ngokwakhe akazange abalulekile empumelelweni yezincwadi - wazibhalela, waya endabeni yezinkinga zokuphila, kubandakanya nezinkinga zemali nezomndeni, okuthe xaxa okwakunqwabelanisa nazo ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-1856, "umlando womndeni", ngaphambi kwalokho, enyatheliswa kumagazini ngendlela yamavesi, aphuma nencwadi ehlukile.
"Iminyaka yezingane yeBagviva-mzukulu" ingesikhathi sekwephuzile se-biography yakhe yokudala. Abagxeki baphawula ngokungalingani kokulandisa, umthamo omncane futhi obuncane ngokuqhathaniswa neqiniso lokuthi u-Aksakov wabhala phambilini. Isicelo encwadini kwakuyindaba ye- "Sclet Flower" - umlobi wakhe unikezele kumzukulu omncane omncane u-Olga.
Ngasikhathi sinye, "" Izinkumbulo zezemidlalo, ", zigcwele amaqiniso athakazelisayo, izingcaphuno kanye nemidwebo evela empilweni yezizwe zabantu, kodwa ukuba nenani elincane lemibhalo liqhathaniswa ne-prose sergey Timofeevich. UPeru Aksakov ungowalezi zindaba eziphathelene nemvelo, eyenzelwe abafundi abancane - "isidleke", "i-subtry ntoon", "ukuqala kwehlobo", "I-ENCEHOP" nabanye.
Mayelana nomlobi wathi konke ukuphila kwakhe ukhula ngokomoya kwalelikhulu leminyaka. Emisebenzini yakhe, u-Aksakov akazange alwele ukufutheka okuthukuthele: wakhombisa nje iqiniso lezo zici zempilo yaseRussia ngaleso sikhathi, ngisho nangokubi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye bekungaphezulu kwalokho oda ukutshala ikhanda lomfundi wabo.
Isibonelo, abanye abagxeki bathi, uN. A. Dobroliyubov, babeka necala, kodwa, ukuba somona wendoda ebekezelayo futhi ebucayi, u-Aksakov akazange afune ukuqeda umbono wakhe futhi akhetha ukuveza ngokweqiniso lokho akubonayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
NgoJuni 1816, umlobi we-novice washada no-Olga uthe - indodakazi kaSuvorovsky General kusuka eTurkey Schiel-Sum. Ngemuva komshado, lo mbhangqwana wawuhlala endlini yomzali okwesikhashana, bese kuba ngubaba wabalobi abebebabise nethemba elihlukile lefa. Bobabili abashadikazi babengahlukaniswa ngamathalente ekuphathweni komnotho, ngakho-ke umndeni washeshe wathuthela eMoscow.
USergey Timofeevich wayengubaba onakekela izingane eziningi ezingane eziningi (ngokwemithombo ethile, wayenabangu-10, ngokusho kwabanye - 14) futhi wayekulungele ukuthatha konke ukukhathazeka ngabo, ngisho nalezo ezazivame ukunikezwa uNanny.
Impilo yomuntu siqu nokuxhumana nezingane zakwethu ezikhulile, ikakhulukazi amadodana, wadlala indima evelele ekwakhekeni kokukhanya kombhali. Abazange banendaba nakho endaweni yokugcina izimpahla kanye nentuthuko, kepha balifa ifa likababa bomela ulwazi nokubekezelelana nge-egnobility. Ezindlalifa zika-Aksakov, wabona isimo sobusha sanamuhla ngezidingo zalo eziphakeme kanye nokunambitheka okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi bafuna ukuqonda futhi babathuthukise.
Kamuva, izingane ezintathu zomlobi zagcwala amanani ososayensi abavelele benkomba ebabazekayo: U-Ivan Aksakov waba ngumuntu odumile, ukholo - ngumbhali womlando kanye nombhali we-Memoirov, konstantin - isazi-mlando kanye nolimi.
Ukushona
USergey Timofeevich, ngeminyaka yobusha, ehlushwa isithuthwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela maphakathi no-1840s, waqala ngezinkinga zombono, okwathi eminyakeni ngasekufika sekwephuzile waba buhlungu kakhulu. Wayengasakwazi ukusebenza futhi imibhalo yokugcina eyayisho ukholo lwamadodakazi.
Ngo-1859, umlobi washona eMoscow, akazange abe nesikhathi sokuqeda indaba kaNatasha, eyayizochaza ithemba lakhe njenge-heroine eyinhloko. Imbangela yokufa yayiyisifo esikhulayo, okwakukhona ngaphambi kwalokho kwaletha umlobi ukuba angaboni ngokuphelele.
U-Sergey Timofeevich wembelwa emathuneni aseSimonov Monastery, naseminyakeni yeSovitator isifiso sihlehliselwe uNovodevichi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- USergey Aksakov waqoqa izimvemvane waze wazama nokuzabalalisa yedwa.
- Umlobi wayene-pseudonyms engaphezu kwama-20, okuvame kakhulu ukuba nezindatshana zakhe ezibucayi. Odume kakhulu kubo - empumalanga yeRomanov noP.
- Isibongo se-aksakov sinezimpande ze-turkic futhi sibuyele egameni elisho ukuthi "Chrome".
- Ukusebenza kweshashalazi "Imbali ebomvu" yangena encwadini kaGuinness yamarekhodi njengeSitatimende Eside Kakhulu Yezingane - ngo-2001 wadlalwa ngesikhathi sama-4000.
- Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, isikole se-artismal, ikoloni lezingane, iphoyisa, isibhedlela, ihostela labasebenzi, isikole seminyaka eyisikhombisa - isikole seminyaka eyisikhombisa sakhiwe e-Aksakov.
- Umlobi unezilimi ezintathu zakwamanye amazwe - isiJalimane, isiFulentshi nesiNgisi.
Amacaphuna
Hunt, ngokungangabazeki, ukuzingela okukodwa. Ukhuluma leli gama eliwumlingo, futhi konke kucaca. Ama-bellows abukhali awahambisani newayini elisencane, futhi inhliziyo yakudala ayikhuli amandla imizwa emincane. Ngomuntu, ubuzwe obuningi bufihlekile; Wenza kaningi ngaphandle kolwazi lwethu, futhi akekho osuswa kuye. Yebo, kukhona amandla okuziphatha welungelo, lapho isibindi somuntu ongalungile siphansi.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1821 - "I-Ural Cossack"
- Ngo-1847 - "Amanothi ku-Fish Cook"
- Ngo-1852 - "Amanothi Omzingeli Hunter wesifundazwe sase-Orenburg"
- Ngo-1852 - "Indaba yokuthandana kwami ne-gogol"
- Ngo-1855 - "izindaba kanye nezinkumbulo zomzingeli wokuzingela okuhlukile"
- Ngo-1856 - "Umlando Womndeni"
- 1856 - "Izinkumbulo"
- Ngo-1858 - "Izindatshana Zokuzingela"
- 1858 - "Imbali ebomvu: inganekwane yasePelagia"
- Ngo-1858 - "Iminyaka Yezingane YeBagviva-mzukulu"