I-Biograge
UGeorge Tovstonogov - Umqondisi nothisha, umqambi wezincwadi kuMqondisi. Ngegama lakhe, kuhlotshaniswa lonke u-Epoch empilweni ye-Soviet Theatre. UGeorgy Alexandrovich TovstonogoGov wazalwa ngoSepthemba 28, 1915 edolobheni laseGeorgia uTiflis, manje obizwa ngeTbilisi.
Uyise, onjiniyela bezitimela, ubeseku-akhawunti enhle eMnyangweni weGeorgia we-run kanye nemiyalezo. Umama kaTamara Poditashvili othweswe iziqu eSt. Petersburg Conservolotory ngeDiploma ye-Vocalist. Udadewethu omncane, uNatel Tovstonogov, waba ngumfazi womlingisi u-Evgenia Lebedev, impilo yakhekile nabantu abanobumbano abadala.
UGerorgy waya esikoleni ngaphambi kontanga nokuqeqeshwa okuqediwe eneminyaka engu-15. Kakade ngaleyo minyaka, osemusha wayengavinjelwe inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Umfana ongumalume wasebenza njengomculi eDiflis Draateate futhi wamholela ekubukeni okwenziwe. Ubaba, ebona isithakazelo seNdodana, wagcizelela ekukhetheni enye indlela yokuphila. Ngokusho kwakhe, nangosizo lwe-George Tovstonovov ejwayelekile, waba ngumfundi weTbilisi Railway Institute.
Indodana ayikwazanga ukumelana nemvelo ivumela umzali wakhe. Ngafundela unyaka, ngo-1931 washiya eyunivesithi, waba nguMqondisi we-Actor noMsizi uNikolai Yakovlevich Marshak. I-tovstonogov engaba khona yayisobala ukuthi ngo-1933 Marshak wamnika umsebenzi ozimele. Ukusebenza emsebenzini ka-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov kwabizwa ngokuthi "ukunikezwa" futhi kwaphumelela edolobheni.
Inhlanhla yokuqala enhle yaphefumulela umqondisi we-novice. Ngo-1933, iTVstonogovov yangena gitis. Wayesemncane kakhulu ukuthi angaphumelela ukukhethwa kokuncintisana, ngakho-ke emibhalweni yandisa iminyaka yangempela iminyaka emi-2. Othisha babafundi babengumqondisi odumile u-Andrei Mikhailovich Lobanov no-Alexey Dmitrievech Popov.
Ngokufana nokufunda, i-tovstonogov yaqhubeka nokusebenza eTyuze. Ukudlala kokuqala kwalandelwa "umshado", "Iqembu lomculi", "luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nopinki", "herotic omkhulu", "ihhashi leTrojan" neminye imikhiqizo.
Ngo-1937 kwaphuka onke amaphupho esifazane osensizwa: Ubaba wacindezelwa. UGeorge waba nge-Son ozenzakalelayo yendodana yabantu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukhohlwe ngokuthola imfundo eMetropolitan Institute: Kwaxoshwa kusukela ngonyaka we-4 weGitis. Tovstonogovov bambelela kunoma yiliphi ithuba lokubuya, futhi kwenzeka kungalindeleki. Indodana engajwayelekile kaJoseph Stalin "kababa kaJoseph ayiphenduli" ivunyelwe ukululama esifundweni nakukhazimula wokuqedela ukuqeqeshwa ngo-1938.
Ithiyeta
UTVstonogoGov wamenyelwa eposini likaMqondisi eTbilisi Drama Theatre ebizwa nge-A. S. Griboyedov. Lapho, waletha ukujwayelana nomculi wabantu be-USSR Akakius Hoorava. Ngenxa yomvikeli kaGeorgy, u-Alexandrovich waba uthisha weqembu elisebenzayo e-Theatre Institute. UShota Rulambi. Kusukela kulowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, i-tovstonogov yaqala ukubona kahle njengomqondisi ochwepheshe.
Isigaba sokuqala eTbilisi Drama Theatre kwakungukudlalwa "kwezingane vanyushina". Kuze kube ngu-1946, uGeorgy Alexandrovich wasebenza nabaculi ezweni lakubo, ekhipha umsebenzi "uKremlin Quararti", "uLenuka", "uLenuka", "chaterelle", "i-charetelle", "chaterelle", "chaterelle".
Ngemuva kwalokho wamenyelwa eMoscow. Kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1949, wahola i-Touring Cheather Theatre nezingane eziphakathi. Kwesibili kuvinjelwe okwenziwa okuzwakalayo "endaweni ethile eSiberia" kanye "nemfihlakalo yobusuku obude." UTVstonogoGov ukwazile ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi wokuphoqelelwa kwemisebenzi ephoqelekile kulezi zindawo zemidlalo yeshashalazi enokusebenza okuphathelene ne-studio yeshashalazi ye-Theatre Operetta kanye neRussia Theatre e-Almaty.
Ngo-1949, umqondisi uthole i-aphoyintimenti entsha futhi uLeningrad waba yidolobha lesibili ngaye. Njengomqondisi ophambili wethiyetha. Lenin Komsomol wachitha isikhathi kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1956. Lesi sehlakalo sesiphenduke indlu.
Ngo-1956, ngo-Eva wosuku lokuzalwa lwe-37, i-Troupe yaletha umholi omusha. Wazithola engu-11 e-akhawunti. Theatre Theme ILeninsky Komsomol ngaleso sikhathi yayinciphile kanti phakathi kwezinye izigcawu zeLeningrad zazisezikhundleni zangaphandle. Kwakungekho emthonjeni ekwakheni i-repertoire, abaqondisi abasebenzanga ngokwanele nabadlali, umbukeli osehholo waphenduka okungahleliwe.
Noma kunjalo, i-troupe yaqoqa izinkanyezi. Abaculi abanjengo-Elena Granovskaya, u-Olga Casico, Vasily Sofron, Vitaly Polikamaco, bebelinde umuntu owayengaqondisa inyala yemidlalo yeshashalazi enkambisweni ehlukile.
Izinguquko ezenziwa yi-Master kwakuyikhadinali. Umqondisi uvuselele iTrapoupe, eyeka cishe abaculi abangama-30. Umhlaba wakhe oyinhloko kwakukhona amakhosi kanye nabalingisi abasebasha. Umgomo oyinhloko ubuyiselwe emuva kombukeli wangaphambili nesimemo salowo omusha. Ama-Premieres amathathu enzelwe ukwenza lokhu: "Isitezi sesithupha", "Inkanyezi engabizwa ngokuthi" futhi "lapho i-acacia izimbali". Owokugcina edolobheni waba izilaleli emadolobheni.
Umqondisi we-atypical, i-mitiansen ehehayo, umsebenzi wabaculi onesikhala kanti umbukeli wazizwa. Isakhiwo esingasindi futhi esijabulisayo sifuzelwe nokuphila kanye ne-lyricity. Ihholo lesesha yaseshashalazi laligcwele umphakathi. Ukudlala okulandelayo ekwakhiweni kweTVstonogov kwaba "Fox kanye namagilebhisi". Uphume ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 futhi wavula uchungechunge lwezinhlelo ezakhele isikhathi esisha, samanje nezenkolo se-repertoire.
UGeorge Tovstonogov wafezeka njengoMqondisi nothisha. Ngokusebenza ngokucophelela nabadlali, wabaqondisa, basiza ekuvuseleleni kabusha futhi bazithuthukise emsebenzini. Umkhiqizi wakwazi ukuxoxa nge-Tropoupe kanye nesibukeli. Wathuthukisa izindlela, inqubo namakhono okuphuma.
Umqondisi ubehlala endaweni yesehlakalo, ukuzilololo kanye nama-premieres kunokuhlonishwa kozakwabo kanye nabasebenzi, umphakathi weshashalazi kanye nomphakathi onqobile. Inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ithole umholi oqiniseka futhi yahlanganisa isihloko somunye wabahle kakhulu edolobheni.
Isifiso sabaculi kanye nokuvela kwesibukeli saso kufakazele ukuthi indlela ye-Tovstonogov isebenza kakhulu. AmaPhetrofini kanye nabavakashi babheka umsebenzi wabo wokuvakashela ama-premieres wesibalo esinethalente. Eminyakeni engama-33, uGeorgy Alexandrovich wasebenza njengomqondisi wethiyetha, ogama lakhe manje lalizwakala ezweni lonke.
Ngomsebenzi wakhe, wanikezwa uStalin noLenin Awards. Ama-analog awazange abe khona emicimbini yeTovstonogov, futhi umqondisi wafunda e-Master, wamukela izici zemikhuba yokudala. Umqondisi wasiza ekonakaleni ama-playwrights alexander vododin kanye ne-viktor pink.
Ukusebenza kweThosstonogov kuhamba eRussia, ePoland, eFinland, eBulgaria naseJalimane. Wakhiqiza i-telepostasovka futhi wasebenza emsakazweni. Kusukela ngo-1957, wayesebhodini lokuhlela likamagazini "yaseshashalazini" futhi kusukela ngo-1964 wayengusihlalo wePhasika lomphakathi waseshashalazini waseRussia.
Ngo-1958, uGeorge Tovstonov waqala ukufundisa eLirtmake, kwathi ngo-1968 wathola isimo sodokotela womlando wobuciko. Kusukela ngo-1970s wayehola uMnyango KaMnyango eSikhungo. Ukusebenza kwakhe okubekwe abafundi kwaziwa kabanzi eLeningrad nakwamanye amadolobha.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-biography kaGeorgy Tovstonogov ithathwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wezemidlalo. Impilo yakhe uqobo igcwele izinto zokuzilibazisa zothando ezihambisana nalo msebenzi. Umqondisi wathandana, wazwelana, kepha ukudala umndeni wangempela, wayehlala elinde owesifazane ofanelekile ongadala umkhathi futhi aze aze abuse endlini yabazali bakhe.
UTVstonogov wayekholelwa ukuthi i-satellite yempilo kumele ibe ngumuntu wokudala. Unkosikazi wakhe wokuqala waba umlingisi uSaneli. Umshado wenzeka ngo-1943, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, abasanda kushada bahlukanisile. Izingane eziyizintandokazi, amadodana kaNikolai no-Alexander babonakala emshadweni.
Ngo-1958, uTVstonogov washada ngokwesibili. Izinketho zaphenduka umlingisi we-inna kondratieva. Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4 futhi impi yabo yahlukana.
Izingane zomqondisi nomzukulu ziye ezinyathelweni zesihlobo esikhulu. Babehlabezwa futhi ngumqondisi. Amadodana anendlela yawo ekwakheni ubuqambi, futhi uGerorgy Tovstonoga Jr. Ngokuqwabelana ngokulandelana, wakhetha umkhulu wakhe. Ngo-2012, impilo yomzukulu kaMkhulu yaphulwa ngokudabukisayo.
Ukushona
UTVstonogoGov ubhekise i-Theatre eyintandokazi yeshashalazi kuze kube izinsuku zokugcina zokuphila, hhayi ukuphuthulwa kwezimpilo kanye nokuzilolonga, eqhuba izingxoxo njalo nozakwabo. NgoMeyi 23, 1989, kwahlelwa ngaphambili. Ngokuxhumanisa usuku, umqondisi wahlala emotweni ukuya ekhaya, kepha akakaze afike lapho uya khona.
Imbangela yokufa komqondisi isiyekile yinhliziyo. Nge-PeterSburg yaseshashalazini, kwaba yinhlekelele. Akekho umuntu owaphefumulela izizukulwane eziningana. UGeorge Tovstonogov wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseTikhvinsky ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, e-Necropolis yama-Art Masters. Isikhumbuzo ngesimo sokubethelwa sisungulwa ngenhla komngcwabo.
Ngemuva kokushona komqondisi ithitha. ILeninsky Komsomol yabelwa isihloko esisha: I-Great Drama Theatre ebizwa ngeGeorge Alexandrovich Tovstonogov. Umqondisi wezithombe nanamuhla ukuhlobisa indawo yokuhlala namahholo esakhiwo. Abafundi nabalandeli bavame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinkumbulo zemisebenzi nemiyalo yesehlakalo.
Amagugu okudala aThovstonogov yizincwadi: "MANJE KAKHULU EKHAYA LESHATHE. Izingxoxo eziphathelene nomqondisi "," emkhakheni womqondisi "," isiyingi semicabango "," ama-Classics kanye nesimanje "," isibuko se-Scene ".
Ngokukhumbula i-Georgia, amafilimu abhalwe phansi "ahlala, acabanga, amuzwa, uthando ...", "izinganekwane mayelana noGogh", "Ukuboniswa" kwasuswa.
Amasethingi
- 1955 - "Usizi Oluhle"
- 1959 - "Varvara"
- 1959 - "Kusihlwa Kusihlanu"
- Ngo-1962 - "Maye kusuka"
- Ngo-1965 - "odade abathathu"
- Ngo-1966 - "UMoisan"
- Ngo-1969 - "Inkosi Heinrich IV"
- 1972 - "Auditor"
- 1972 - "Hanuma"
- 1974 - "" Isikhwama sikakolweni ezintathu "
- 1975 - "Umlando Wehhashi"
- 1983 - "Ukufa kweTatelki"
- 1985 - "Kuzo zonke izindlela zokulunga okuhle"
- 1987 - "Ngezansi"