I-Biograge
Ngemuva kwegama elinikezwe leRarecoma, ngaphansi kwe-heroine yezinganekwane zeGrisi yasendulo, i-Ariadna efron yachitha ukukhanya kungaziwa isikhathi eside amaqiniso futhi isuswe kwalebhu yabafundi be-diaries yabo kanye nokuduma kwawo Umama. Izinkumbulo zezingane zakhe, zibhujiswe ezincwadini nasekuphakamiseni, zishaya ukujula nokuqina kwezimpinda ezithuliwe, njengokungathi zidale ingane yazo, futhi owayehlale nengane yakhe, futhi owayehlale umntwana wawo.Ubuntwana nentsha
NgoSepthemba 18, 1912, ngesitayela esisha, nekusasa lezinkondlo ezinkulu - bese kuba omunye oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala - uMarina Tsvetaeva kanye nohulumeni kanye nomJuda ngobuzwe, okokuqala ngqa baba ngabazali. Ukushayela indodakazi ukuthi uMama wanquma - ngokungafani nomyeni wakhe owayethanda amagama abesifazane baseRussia, ethatha futhi ethola lonke umthwalo wokukhetha.
Kusukela esemncane, le ntombazane yafunda ukufunda, ukubhala nokugcina okuvelayo kosuku ngalunye ebhukwini elilula, kanye nokubhala izinkondlo kufakwe kamuva kwe-Psyche. Endlini yaseMoscow kwakhula phakathi kwezinganekwane zomlingo we-perra nemisebenzi oyithandayo kagogo - uPianists Mary Maine.
Lapho uSergey eshiya amavolontiya alwe nokulwa okubomvu, umfazi wahlala enabantwana ababili ezandleni zakhe ukulwa nokulamba nokusinda, no-alya (wamvuza eduze kwayo) ngokushesha. Bavakashele ubusuku nemibhalo, bafundze ibhlokhi neBalmont, abahlukaniswe umbuthano, lapho amazambane okugcina agcinwe ehlukaniswe.
Izifo, yize zingayishiyanga le ntombazane - umkhuhlane, ngemuva kwayo, kepha akazange athathe i-USA. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba phesheya, uMarina wayenakho kuphela - u-Irina oneminyaka emi-3 eshonile endaweni yokukhosela.
Ngo-1922, umndeni wakwa-Efron uxhumene eBerlin, wabe esethuthela eCzechoslovakia. Izincwadi ezenziwa ngezwi elikhulu nangokuthuthukile kusihlwa, zifundisa imikhuba emihle neqiniso njengomthetho ongaguquki - konke lokhu kwakukhona ngokuqhubekayo empilweni yentombazane.
Umsebenzi nobuciko
Ngo-1922, indawo yokuzivocavoca, lapho kwafika u-Alya, ehlome ngolwazi lwezinhlamvu zesiLatini, umkhuleko, ulimi lwesiRussia kanye nezibalo ezincane. Ezindongeni zalo bathola igama lesidlaliso pushkin futhi babuze imibukiso yokuhlangana okuhlangene. Esikhungweni semfundo bekungesikhathi eside, ngoba "ulwazi lwanikezwa okubi." UMarina wanquma ukujabulela ukwakheka kwendodakazi yakhe, eyakhaza ngempela ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa kwamaphepha - i-polyglot, i-connoisseur ejulile yezincwadi, ubuciko nomlando.
I-Paris yenzeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho konke okwenziwe okwenziwe ngangokunokwenzeka kwakusetshenziselwa ukudla, ikhanda lomfundaze, umngani wakhe - izinkondlo, no-Ariadne ogcwele ubuntatheli ezincwadini ezine, ukuhumusha, nokuthunga amathoyizi athambile. Ngokufana, ikhono lokudweba ngamaqoqo amabili, elinye lazo - louvre.
Ngo-1937, u-Alya ubuyela ezweni lakubo, yena - uSergey Yakovlevich. Isizathu esiyinhloko sesinqumo, vele, maqondana neSoviet Union noma yiliphi, kodwa kwabonakala njengepharadesi, kubangelwa amanoveli kamama futhi, ngokujwayelekile, ukuxhumana okuphukile phakathi kwezihlobo.
Ukuphela kwehlobo lika-1939 kwaphela ukuphela kwentando ye-Tsvetaeva - ukuboshwa, i-lubyanka, ukumangalela ngokulandelana, ukuhlukunyezwa, owayenobufakazi obuphikisana nobaba, ukubhekisela kuyise. Ukwenqaba "ukungqongqoza", empini kwakusehlathini. Ukufa okungenakugwemeka kwaphinde kwadlula iqembu - kwasiza umngane wakhe futhi kwasindisa umyeni womphakathi. Inkululeko yenzeka eminyakeni engu-8 - u-Alya wathuthela ezweni laseSergei Yeenin, lapho afundisa khona uhlelo lwama-ruble angama-200. Yabuya ngo-1949 yathunyelwa eSiberia kuze kube phakade.
Ngemuva komsebenzi ophoqelayo, i-efron ehunyushelwe ekilabhini - ukuhlobisa ama-WELD Newsnets, iziqubulo, ukuphendula impilo yaseshashalazini namasiko. Izincwadi zikaPasternak azisindiswanga ngokuziphatha kuphela, kodwa futhi futhi futhi zixosha izindlela ezivunyelwe u-Ariadne nomngane wakhe omkhulu u-FedErolf-Shkodina ukuthola indlu encane yokuphila. Hlala kusixhumanisi sesokunxele ummbila, amanxeba angokomoya nama-watercolors.
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kubuye kungazelelwe, kanye nokusolwa - ngo-1955, kuyenzeka okulindelwe eMoscow, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-7 - Ubulungu bakulowo nalowo obhali. Ukudluliselwa kwezibalo eziyizintandokazi zakwamanye amazwe, ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yezinkondlo, ukushicilelwa kwemibhalo kaMarina Tsvetaeva - kulandela inkululeko ebonakalayo yomzimba, kwafika nokudala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1937, u-Alou noSamuel Gurevich bahlanganisa indawo yomsebenzi - umshicileli. Noma kunalokho, i-buffet esikhungweni, lapho le ndoda iqonde ngqo emhlanganweni ngokuziphatha kwakhe, futhi wabheka umsebenzi wokuphuza izimbangi. Uzakwabo ofundwayo futhi othululile wadabukisa etafuleni, futhi waphakamisa isimo somoya, le ntombazane yabeka owolintshi phambi kwakhe futhi yanyamalala.
Omunye umhlangano usuphenduke unomphela, abantu abasha babejabulela umphakathi ngamunye, bahamba kakhulu futhi bakhuluma. Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu nomka-Ariadne othandekayo babazi, kepha banquma ukulinda noma kuphi. Umndeni wakhe, owabuya ekuthumelweni, uSamuyeli wawela emphefumulweni washeshe waba ngomunye wabathandekayo bakhe.
Ukuba nethemba eligcwele kanye nokusekelwa kwakhe kwemibiko yeposi kwathola ukuthi kwazo kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenzela umusho, wacela ukuhunyushwa kwakhe ekamu elisindisayo, kwafika eRyazan. Vele, babazi ngayo "phezulu phezulu", basongelwa ngaphandle kweqembu. Indoda yasiza umfazi oyingqayizivele wendabuko. Kodwa-ke, omunye wemihlangano nayo, eyashintsha ngemuva kwesiphetho sesibili, yacaca - ukuba ndawonye akunakwenzeka.
"Ngomyeni wangaphambili (ngeshwa," okwakuqala ", ngoba akukho lutho oluhlala ngaphansi kwenyanga, futhi nangaphezulu - amadoda!) Wahlangana ngemfudumalo nangobungane, kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi ungacabanga kanjani, yena Ubesemsebenzini wakhe futhi ephathini imigqa ihlotshaniswa neMoscow, futhi mina - njll lapho ngihlangana naye - ngokwesilinganiso njalo njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili, lapho ngiseduzane futhi ngibe lusizi kancane ... ", - Ngakho-ke ufunda umlando wakhe.Ngemuva kokubulawa kukaGurevich ngo-1951, unkosikazi osemthethweni washada ngokwesibili, kwathi ogama likhona wasala umfelokazi kwaze kwaba nomfelokazi kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe.
Ukushona
Kususelwa kumaqiniso we-biography ebuhlungu ka-Ariadna Tsvetaeva, kubukeka sengathi ukufa kwadingeka ukukufice ngaso sonke isikhathi sokuba khona - ebuntwaneni, ebusheni bakhe, lapho kuqaphela khona lokho, ngesikhathi sokuphenywa kwemibuzo , emotweni yamahhala, ephethe iziboshwa isigaba, emakamu amabili.
Kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ebuyisela emuva komusa ongajwayelekile, enikeza ithuba lokuphunyuka, asinde futhi afeze umphakeli - ukushiya izincwadi zezincwadi ("futhi umphefumulo awucwili ..."), izindaba nemidwebo ("Iqhwa lami lasebusika" ), "Izinkumbulo zendodakazi" yezingcaphuno ezinkulu zomama ezinde zazo.
Umgcini wezolando kanye nomhumushi onekhono ushonele esibhedlela somuzi we-Toruce ehlobo ehlobo ekuseni ngoJulayi 26, 1975. Imbangela yokufa: ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okubanzi. Inhliziyo yaphendula kubo bonke abaseduze ngaphandle kokuphawula, yema ngonyaka we-63 wokuphila. Ukufanele kwandunwe yizinhlungu ezingabekezeleleki, kepha akazange azinake, ngethemba lokuthi bazodlula, futhi baqhubeka nokwenza lo mnotho, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngama-trifles.
Wangcwatshwa emathuneni endawo, etsheni elithuna elingenasithombe egqumeni nje amazwi ambalwa - igama eliphelele lezinsuku ezifile nezinsuku ezimbili. Ukugcina komndeni kaTsvetaeva kwashiya udadewethu omncane wezinkondlo - u-Anastasia Ivanovna.
Imemori ye-Ale ihlala kuze kube namuhla. Isazi sanamuhla uDmitry Bykov sinikeze inkulumo yakhe, sibiza ilungelo futhi "iphupho laseRussia elizayo," kwathi ngonyaka we-2018 kwavela ukuthi iqoqo le ntombi lydia ukufundisa.
Amacaphuna
"Izimbongi zibhala hhayi izimbongi, ama-scheptures awekho kwabaculi; Futhi abaculi abadali abaculi; Ukuthi konke kuyiqiniso kubantu abaningi, ngenxa yokwema kwabo kokonakala, ngokuphuthumayo. "" Ngaphambi kokuba ube nelungelo lokuthanda izinkondlo, udinga ukuthanda imbongi uqobo. "" Kule mithetho eshiwo ngenhla Isikhathi sokuba, isisulu esiphakeme sezibalo esiphakeme. "Noma ngubani ohleka ngaphezu kolunye, uyisiwula noma i-scoundrel, kaningi kakhulu - zombili."I-Bibliography
- 1982 - "Izincwadi ezivela kusixhumanisi. I-Ariadna Efron B. Pasternaku »
- Ngo-1989 - "Marina Tsvetaeva: Izinkumbulo zendodakazi"
- 1996 - "Futhi umphefumulo awucwila. Izincwadi 1942-1975. Izinkumbulo "
- 2003 - "Umdwebo. I-watercolor. Ukuqoshwa kabusha "
- Ngo-2004 - "Impilo iyisilwane esinemichilo. Izincwadi eziya ku-Olga Ivinskaya no-Irina Elynonova (1955-1975)
- 2005 - "" Iqhwa lami lasebusika. Izinkumbulo, izindaba, izinhlamvu, izinkondlo, imidwebo "
- Ngo-2008 - "Umlando Wempilo, Umlando Womphefumlo" ngemiqulu emi-3
- Ngo-2009 - Alukho uthando ngaphandle kwezinkondlo: izikhumbuzo zikaMarina Tsvetaeva`sd.
- 2013 - "Incwadi Yezingane: I-Ariadna Efron Diaries, 1919-1921"
- Ngo-2018 - "Ubungani obungelona olona olona olonakalisiwe: Izincwadi eziya eLydia Bat"
Ngokubambisana no-A. Fedrolf
- 1996 - "Miroudih. Eduze kuka-Aley "
- 2006 - "Ukuqinisekisa Ukusebenza"
- 2010 - "Futhi impilo ihamba njengo-Yenisei ...". Eduze kuka-Aley "