Umlando Wemilingiswa
IHamayun ingumlingiswa oqanjiwe owavela futhi wasakazeka kusiko laseRussia emakhulwini e-XVII-XIX. Le nyoni eyiPharadesi ngaphandle kwemilenze namaphiko, izindiza zisebenzisa kuphela umsila, nokuwa kwayo kusuka esibhakabhakeni kufanekisela ukufa kwezikhulu.Emakhulwini eminyaka ye-XIX-XXI, isithombe saguqulwa nge-ART futhi sabonwa ngezindlela ezimbili: njengenyoni epharadesi, efanekisela injabulo nenjabulo, noma njengenganekwane. Ukubonakala kwezinyoni zeGamayun kanye nokuvela kwezinyoni: Kuqala umlingisi "wenze" izitho, futhi ekugcineni kwavela ubuso besifazane. Ngalesi simo, kuvela esithombeni esidumile seViktor Vasnetov.
Umlando womlingiswa womlingiswa
Isithombe somlingiswa eSlavic Mythology seke sakhula ngesisekelo se-Arabhu ne-Iranian Folklore, lapho kwakukhona imibono mayelana ne-magic bird humai. Ufana nePhoenix, efanekisela abantu injabulo. Ukube u-Hurai wehla kumuntu wethukile, lo muntu uzoba yinkosi. Kuhunyushwe kusuka kwencazelo yamaPersian of "Khen" eduze kwamagama athi "ubukhosi", "ajabule", "akubusisiwe".
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucatshangelwa okuhlukahlukene mayelana nezinyoni zePharadesi kwakuyinto evamile emakhulwini eminyaka ye-XVI-XVIII njengomndeni wakwa-zoological, abamele abamele kakhulu eziqhingini zaseNew Guinea. Ngokwezincazelo, kwagcwala lezi zidalwa ezisolakala ukuthi zaqala ukuletha eYurophu ngekhulu le-XVI, lapho zabangela khona ukumangala kakhulu, njengoba abantu bengakwazi ukuthola amaphiko nemilenze. Izindaba zeNovogvineSetSet zengezwe kulomzwelo wokuthi izinyoni zePharadesi zivela ezulwini.
Ngalesi sisekelo, umbono ongelona iqiniso wokuthi izinyoni zasezulwini zihamba emoyeni ngomsila futhi azikaze zihlale emhlabathini, futhi ziphumule, zibambelele emsileni ngemuva kwamagatsha ezihlahla. Lamabhayisekili axhasa ngokuzithandela abathengisi, futhi ngisho nangokwemvelo kwalezo zikhathi azange baphikise lo mbono.
Ekhulwini leminyaka ye-XVIII engasekho, kwavela, ekugcineni, ukuthi imilenze kanye namaphiko ezinyoni zePharadesi kwanqunywa emakhaleni lapho begcotshwa. Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi, lezi zinganekwane sezitholile ukwakheka kwesithombe senyoni yeGamayun.
UGamayun ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni
Umbono u-gamayong usekhona ku-Mythology kanye nasezikhungeni zamaSlav, ngephutha, yize zisakazeke. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lo mlingiswa ukhulunywa ngokuhunyushwa kweRussia "kwe-topography yobuKristu" ye-Kozma Extoplov, ezinye izinyoni eziqanjiwe - uPinik neHarad. Kukholakala ukuthi banamakha amangalisayo futhi bayakwazi ukundiza eziqhingini zaseFundy baseral, eziseduze nePharadesi. Kodwa-ke, ngalezo zinsuku, isithombe seHamayun sahlala singanakwa futhi emasikweni nasekuduzaneni kwaso akuzange bangene.Ngokuzayo, ukushiwo komlingiswa kutholakala emithonjeni yamakhulu eminyaka we-XVII-HVIII, lapho iHamayuna ichaza njengosayizi wezinyoni oyipharadesi. Lo mlingisi utholakala kuma-biografikhi kanye nezinye izincwadi zobuciko ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene, kungabukeka kuhlukile, futhi indawo ebizwa ngokuthi yiNdiya, izingodo.
Nganoma yisiphi isimo, izici eziphambili zokubukeka zigcinwe - le nyoni ihlala igqokwa emoyeni, izimpukane, isebenzisa kuphela umsila, futhi ungalokothi ufike, noma uphumule ezihlahleni, ungene ngemuva kwazo ngezimpaphe.
I-Gamayun emasikweni
Emakhulwini eminyaka ye-XVII-XVIII, isithombe sezinyoni uHamayun senziwe kabusha ezihlokweni zezobuciko zokuhlobisa nezisebenzisayo, ezakhelelwe i-Royal Yard. I-Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 yathengwa kumthengisi oyedwa waseMoscow isitsha ngesimo seHamayun, elinamaparele ngamapharele. Umlingiswa uboniswe kumabhanela kanye nezibhamu.
Emakhulwini eminyaka ye-XIX-XXI, isithombe sobuciko se-Romanticid. Le nyoni ivela emisebenzini yezimbongi nangababhali. Isibonelo, iKonstantin Balmont Gamayun ithokozela ukucula kwabantu, okufana nokuthi "ukukhala kwezintambo ezimnene", kanti elinye lamaqhawe laseTurnegev libiza ngokuthi "izinwele ezimnandi" namaphupho okuvakashele lawo mapharadesi lapho kutholakala khona.
Ngo-1897, isithombe esidumile sikaViktor Vasnetov "Gamayun, into yezinyoni" kwavela. Le canvas inikeze umfutho ekwakhekeni komqondo omusha womlingiswa wesiko laseRussia. Esithombeni i-Vasnetsov, i-Gamayun ayifani kancane nesithombe sencwadi esivele sesisungulwe ngaleso sikhathi. Le yinyoni enamaphiko amnyama nobuso bowesifazane onikeze izici zezingane nenkulumo yokukhathazeka, ukwesaba. Lesi sithombe, esenziwe ngamathoni aphuzi anombala onsomi futhi omnyama futhi ompunga, sesibe isidalwa sokungesabeka kanye nemizwa ye-apocalyptic, ephethwe emphakathini ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngo-1908, imbongi u-Alexander Block, ihlazwe umxhwele isithombe seVasnetov, sabhala inkondlo "Hamaun, inyoni yenyoni," lapho adala khona isithombe esibuhlungu sesilo sezinkathazo. UBlock Gamayun uprofetha ijoka lesitha, ukubulawa kwamagazi, imililo, indlala, "ukufa kwelungelo" kanye ne- "villain amandla." Emlonyeni wesibikezeli - igazi elingcwatshwe ngegazi, ukubonakaliswa okwethusayo kwaqandelwa ebusweni obuhle. Le nkondlo isiphenduke isibonakaliso sesiko laseRussia kanye nomlando wekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kamuva, umqambi uDmitry Shostakovich wabeka le nkondlo emculweni.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, isithombe sikaGamayun "siphuma" emisebenzini ye-Akhmatova, lapho umlingisi ephenduka abe inyoni yosizi, ongqongqoza ngendlela efanele, okwenziwe ngomuntu uthando olungalungile. Igama le-Mythical Mutter labizelwa omagazini kanye nemibuthano yezimbongi ezifudukayo. Emsebenzini wenkondlo, uHamayun waba uphawu lokufa nokuxoshwa, unya nonya nokungabi nabulungisa.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, isithombe sezinyoni "siphinda sithi" futhi sibe uphawu lwemvuselelo nethemba lokuvuselelwa kwezwe, ngokwesibonelo, ezingomeni zikaVladimir vysotsky noBoris GrebenshChikov.
Igama lenyoni liwumlingiswa kuma-80s wekhulu lamashumi amabili "I-State Border" Series - Sailor Ivan Trofimovich Gamayun. Indima ka-Alexander Denisov.
Ngo-1992, incwadi ethi "Izingoma Zezinyoni ZaseGamayun" yashicilelwa. Wabhala a.i. Imbongolo ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym subing mesurs. Kuyo, i-heroine yezinganekwane ichazwa njengesithunywa sikankulunkulu kaNkulunkulu; UGamayun ungumgcini wezimfihlo zangesikhathi esedlule kanye nomsipha ovula abantu abazithandayo eqinisweni ngokuza. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ncwadi ibhalwe ohlotsheni lwe-pseudoistoria futhi ayikwazi ukufuna ukunemba kwesayensi, ukuthumela kuvame ukutholakala emithonjeni enkulu ngisho nezincwadi zesikole.
UGamayun isithombe esidumile eHeraldry. Lapho, kusho isifiso sabantu ekubeni khona ngenjabulo nangokuthula kwamandla aphezulu. Kukhonjiswa ekhethini lezingalo zesifunda seSmolensk - inyoni ephuzi enamaphiko aphakanyisiwe ihleli emgqonyeni wesibhamu esidala. Kwesinye isikhathi kudidekile ngenyoni yePhoenix, okuthi, ukuphumula emlotheni, kufanekisela imvuselelo nokuvuselelwa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Izithombe zezinyoni zasenganekwaneni zikupende wesigodlo saseKolomna esifundeni saseMoscow. "IPharadesi elibekwe nguWaradise" Polise Landscapes ", phakathi kwalo indalo engaqondakali yokuphamba idonswa, yadalwa ngo-1664-1666.
- E "Wizard", ehlanganiswe ngo-1664, kwashiwo ukuthi isibhengezo esiyikhulu seRoyal Sokolnikov kanye ne-tafferas emnyama namhlophe futhi sahlotshiswa phakathi kwe- "bird of Hamaun" . Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi le yi-Garde eyintandokazi yokuzingela ye-Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
- Inyoni ngaphandle kwamaphiko, isikhumbuzo se-hedgehog, sise-Old Russian Edition of 1694. Umlobi wesithombe ungumqobi odumile waseRussia uLeonty Bunin.
- E-SLAVIC Neomi shology, i-gamayun iyi-antipode elula yenyoni kaSirin. Uhlala kulesi siqhingi eLwandle i-Alakra, kodwa uvame ukuvakashela abantu ukuba bakudlulisele konkulunkulu.
I-Bibliography
- 1992 - "Izinyoni zaseGamayun"
- Ngo-2001 - "I-Slavic Bediary: Isichazamazwi samagama nezimpawu"
- Ngo-2014 - "Izinyoni ze-Anthropomomorphic, Simrg neSemargl"