I-Biograge
I-Eugene Delacroix - Umculi wezothando waseFrance wokuqala wekhulu le-19. Njengomdwebi kanye ne-monumentalist, wasebenzisa amasu wezandla ezenziwe ngesandla, wafunda imiphumela yokubona ngombala, enethonya elijulile emsebenzini wezingcindezi, kanye nothando lwakhe lwabaculi abagqoke izimbongi eziphefumulelwe. I-Lithograph enhle, i-Delacroix yabonisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kaWilliam Shakespeare, uWalter Scott noJohann Wolfgang von Goethe. Iqoqo elikhulu le-Painter Paintings manje selikuLouvre.Ubuntwana nentsha
UFerdinan Victor Eugene DelacroIx wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 26, 1798 e-Subris yaseParis - Isifunda saseRharenton-Saint-Maurice Il de France. Unina uVictoria wayeyindodakazi yomlilo kaJean-Francois Robin. Wayenabafowethu nodadewethu abathathu abaphezulu. UKarl-Henri Delakrua wafinyelela e-General Ebuthweni LaseNapoleonic. UHenrietta washada noRammond de Lenina Saint Moramat's Diplomat. UHenri wabulawa empini yeFriedland ngoJuni 14, 1807.
Kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ubaba uCharles Francois Delacroix wayengeyena owokhokho weqiniso womculi wesikhathi esizayo. UCharles Talleyran, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle Wezangaphandle, eNapoleon, owayengumngane womndeni nokuthi umuntu omdala wakujabulela ukubonakala kokubukeka nomlingiswa, wazibheka njengomzali wakhe wangempela. UCharles Delacroix washona ngo-1805, naseVictoria - ngo-1814, eshiya indodana yezintandane eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala.
Imfundo ye-Aza umfana etholwe eLouis of Louis of the Great eParis, kwathi eLyceum yasePierre Cornell eSurnell e-ruang, lapho wakhombisa ukuthambekela kwezincwadi nangomdwebo, wathola imiklomelo kulezi zindawo.
Ngo-1815, ngemuva kokufa kukamama, u-Ezhen wathatha umndeni ocebile wezihlobo ezandleni zokukhuliswa. UDelacroix wanquma ukuzinikela ekupendweni nasekungenise umfundi emhlanganweni wePierre-Narcissa Gereen, kwathi ngo-1816 kuya esikoleni lobuciko obuhle.
Abafundi babhala okuningi endalweni, bathuthukisa inqubo yokudweba, iminyuziyamu evakashele, iningi lezinto eziningi kakhulu. Lapho, umdwebi osemncane wajwayelana noTheodore Zhriko, umdwebi we-novice onekhono owayenomthelela emsebenzini wakhe. Imisebenzi yamakhosi avelele ancome u-Ezhen, wahlatshwa umxhwele ngendwangu kaGoya, amaRubens kanye ne-Titan.
Ukupenda
Isithombe sokuqala esikhulu se-Delacroix "Ladia Dante", ebhalwe ngaphansi kwethonya le- "Bad Battlefish" Zhriko, umphakathi ungazange ubonge, kodwa ngosizo lwe-talleyran, lwathengwa ngumbuso we-Luxembourg Galleries.
Impumelelo yeza kumdwebi ngemuva kombukiso we-salon "Rabby kumaChios" ngo-1824. Lesi sithombe sibonisa isimo esibi sokufa kwabantu abangamaGrikhi empini yempi, esekelwa ohulumeni baseNgilandi, baseRussia kanye nabaseFrance. I-DelacroIx yaqashelwa ngokushesha yiziphathimandla ezihola phambili ngesitayela esisha sothando, kanti isithombe sathenga uMbuso.
Isithombe sakhe sokuhlupheka sasiphikisana. Abagxeki abaningi bazisola ngethoni yokupenda ngokupenda komdwebo, umculi u-Antoine-Jean Gros wambiza ngokuthi "ukubulawa kwabantu bakhe". " Ama-Pafos esithombeni sengane, ecindezela isifuba sikamama ofile, wayenomphumela onamandla ngokukhethekile, yize abagxeki bayilahla le nto njengengafanele ubuciko.
Maduze nje Delacroix udale isithombe sesibili engqikithini yempi yaseGreco-Turkish - ukuthathwa kwedolobha laseMiscolong Turkish amabutho. "IGrisi emanxiweni aseMiskolong" yahlukaniswa ngokuvinjwa kwephalethi. Umdwebi waveza owesifazane egqoke isisulu ngenqunu, izandla, uhhafu ophakanyisiwe ngokuthinta okunxusa phambi kwesigameko esibi: ukuzibulala kwamaGrikhi, kepha ukungazinikeli kumaTurkeys abo.
Lesi sithombe sasebenza njengesikhumbuzo sabantu baseMiskolong nangomqondo wenkululeko, umzabalazo wokulwa nobushiqela. Umculi waphendukela kulezi zigameko hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokwalulekwa kwakhe ku-Ellesina, kodwa futhi ngoba ngalesi sikhathi washona imbongi uGeorge Gordon eGreece, lapho i-Delacroix yakuheha khona ngobuqotho.
Uhambo oluya eNgilandi ngo-1825, ukuhlangana nabaculi abasebasha uThomas Lawrence noRichard Bonington, umbala kanye nombala nokubhala umdwebo wesiNgisi kwanikeza umfutho wokubhala imisebenzi yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Lokhu kuqondiswa kobuciko, okwenzelwe ukuthi isithombe sabalingiswa kanye nezinkanuko eziqinile, ubuntu obungokomoya kanye nemvelo yokuphulukisa, babenentshisekelo e-Ezhen iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhiqiza ama-Lithographs abonisa amaShakespeare nokufeka. Lapho ebuyela eMbhobheni, impi "kaGosar noHassan" nowesifazane ophethe upholi "yabhalwa.
Ngo-1828, ukushona kweSardanapal kweSardanapala kwafakwa ekhabetheni. Lo mculi ubonise inkosi evinjezelwe, akuboni ngokuziphawula ukuthi onogada bafeza kanjani imiyalo yakhe ukubulala izinceku, izancinza nezilwane. Umthombo wokubhala womsebenzi kwakuwukudlalwa kweBaron. Abagxeki babiza isithombe senganekwane ebabazekayo yokufa nenkanuko.
Ikakhulu babelwela umzabalazo wowesifazane onqunu, omphimbo kabani osuzosikwa, atholakala ngaphambili ukuze umthelela omkhulu. Ubuhle be-Stual kanye nezingoma ezijwayelekile zokwakheka zenze isithombe ngasikhathi sinye simnandi futhi sishaqisa.
Mhlawumbe umsebenzi odumile kakhulu we-Delacroix wavela ngo-1830. "Inkululeko, abantu abaholayo" - i-canvas, bamaka ushintsho kusuka esitayeleni sothando kuya kuNeoclassical.
Lo mculi wabona ukwakheka sekuphelele, ngasikhathi sinye ngacabanga ngawo wonke umuntu esixukwini njengohlobo. Amaqhawe afile elele ngaphambili, agcizelele kahle isibalo sowesifazane esingokomfanekiso esinesibhengezo se-Tricolor, i-Personation inkululeko, ukulingana kanye nobumbano, kukhanyiswe ngokukhanya, kube sengathi ekukhanyisweni kwama-search.
Esikhundleni sokukhazimulisa umcimbi wangempela, ukuguqulwa kwe-1830, i-Delacroix yafuna ukudlulisa intando nohlamvu lwabantu, ibangele umfanekiso womoya womoya wenkululeko. Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi umfana ophethe isibhamu ngakwesokunene kwesinye isikhathi uthathwa njengogqozi lomlingiswa we-gavrosha ku-Novel Victor Hugo "yenqatshiwe".
Yize uhulumeni waseFrance uthenge isithombe, izikhulu zakuthola kuyingozi futhi zisuswa emkhakheni wombono womphakathi. Noma kunjalo, umculi usathola ama-oda amaningi e-Frescoes kanye nemidwebo yophahla. Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa ngo-1848, okwaholela ekupheleni kokubusa kweNkosi uLouis Philippe, "inkululeko, abantu abaholayo" yayisivulelwa ukuvakashela uNapoleon III eLouvleon III eLouvree.
Ngo-1832, i-Delacroix yaya eMorocco njengengxenye yenjongo yezombusazwe. Wayefuna ukubalekela impucuko yeParis ethembeni lokubona isiko lakudala. Ngesikhathi sohambo, umdwebi wadala imidwebo nemidwebo engaphezu kwe-100, izigcawu ezivela empilweni yabantu baseNyakatho Afrika. UDelacroix wayekholelwa ukuthi izakhamizi zalesi sifunda ebholeni lazo zifana nabantu be-classical rome neGrisi:
"AmaGrikhi namaRoma alapha, emnyango wami, kuma-Arabhu asongwe ngengubo emhlophe futhi abukeke njenge-caron noma isiphaphu."Umculi wakwazi ukudweba ngasese abanye besifazane baseMpumalanga ("Abesifazane base-Algerian ekuphumuleni kwabo"), kodwa wabhekana nobunzima ekutholeni i-Muslim University. Ngesikhathi eseTangier, i-Delacroix yenza imidwebo eminingi yabantu kanye namadolobha, izilwane. Ngokwesisekelo sabo, lapho sekuphele impilo yakhe, umdwebi wadala imidwebo "amahhashi ama-Arabhu," "llviv Hunting eMorocco" (izinguqulo eziningana ezibhalwe phakathi kuka-1856 no-1861), "Moroccan, wazola ihhashi".
UDelAcroix uhudule ugqozi emithonjeni eminingi: imisebenzi yemibhalo kaWilliam Shakespeare neNkosi BAIRON, ikhono likaRubens noMichelangelo. Kepha kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, wayedinga umculo. Ukusuka emiskethini edabukisayo ka-sopin noma "omelule" udlala uBeethoven, umdwebi wathola imizwa eminingi. Kwesinye isikhathi empilweni ye-Delacroix yenze ubungane no-Chopin futhi wabhala imidwebo yomqambi kanye nabakhethiweyo bakhe, umlobi georges sand.
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, umdwebi wadala imidwebo eminingana ngeziza ezisebhayibhelini: "Ukubethelwa", "isoni esishubile", "uKristu eGenareset Lake," uJesu esiphambanweni. "
Kusukela ngo-1833, umdwebi wathola imiyalo yokubhaliswa kwezakhiwo zomphakathi eParis. Iminyaka eyi-10, wabhala imidwebo emtapweni wezincwadi esitatsheni saseBourbon Parace naseLuxembourg Palace. Ngo-1843, u-Delacroix wahlobisa isonto lenhlanganyelo elingcwele likaBig Pieta, futhi kusukela ngo-1848 kuya ku-1850 wapenda uphahla egalari ye-Apollo eLouvre. Kusukela ngo-1857 kuya ku-1861, wasebenza eFrescoes of the Angels Chapel eSonta-Sulpis Church eParis.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni, u-Delacroix wayengashadanga. Kodwa-ke, wayethandana ngentshiseko noJuliette de Lavallett, unkosikazi kaTony de Poryu, isihlobo se-Empress Josephine.
Lapho lokhu kuxhumeka kuqala, kungaziwa, incwadi ye-Ezhen eya ethandekayo, yangoNovemba 23, 1833, igcinwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, uJuliette wahlukana noshade naye futhi wahlala nonina eParis. Inoveli yabo maduze iguqula baba nobungane bethenda, yethulwe ekufeni komculi.
Ngesikhathi somsebenzi eBourbon Palace of Delacroix, kwakukhona ubungane obude nomculi uMarie-Elizabeth Blavoy Blavoy, indawo emhlophe kuzindaba zombili lezi zinto zomlando.
Enye yezizathu zokuba yingozi kwabacwaningi ababukeli babheka iqiniso lokuthi akazange azithande izingane. Kuyena, ingane kwakungukucabanga kwezandla ezingcolile, i-canvas eyonakalisa impahla, umsindo ophazamisayo emsebenzini.
UDelacroix wayehlala eParis, futhi kusukela ngo-1844 wathola indlu encane enyakatho enyakatho yeFrance, lapho ayethanda ukuphumula emaphandleni. Kusukela ngo-1834 kuze kube sekufeni, uZhanna-Marie Le Guillau, owayeyinakekele ngentshiseko impilo yakhe ngokweqiniso.
Ukushona
Umsebenzi oshubile kuma-frescoes anciphisa impilo ye-delacroix. Ebusika bango-1862-1863, wahlushwa ukutheleleka okukhulu komphimbo, okwadala ukufa.
NgoJuni 1, 1863, waphendukela kudokotela wakhe eParis. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 kwaba ngcono, wabuyela endlini yakhe ngaphandle komuzi. Kepha ngoJulayi 15, umbuso wombuso waya kwabi kakhulu, futhi udokotela omenyiwe wathi akukho lutho olungenza noma yini enye. Ngaleso sikhathi ukuphela kokudla okudla abaculi abadla izithelo.
I-Delacroix yaqonda ubucayi besimo sakhe futhi yabhala iTestamente, umngani ngamunye waba yisipho. Umgcini wendlu othembekile, uJenny Le Guilla, washiya imali eyanele yokuhlala. Wabe eseyalela konke esitudiyo sakhe. Intando yokugcina ka-Ezhen yayivinjelwe kunoma yisiphi isithombe sakhe,
"Kungaba imaski emile, umdwebo noma isithombe."Ngo-Agasti 13, 1863, lo mculi washona eParis, endlini lapho imnyuziyamu yakhe itholakala khona. Ithuna le-delacroix lisendaweni yamathuna yakwaLashez.
Imidwebo
- Ngo-1822 - "Lady Dante"
- Ngo-1824 - "Massanie kumaChios"
- Ngo-1826 - "Greece emanxiweni e-missolong"
- Ngo-1827 - "Ukufa kweSardanapal"
- Ngo-1830 - "Inkululeko, abantu abaholayo" ("inkululeko emigoqweni")
- Ngo-1832 - "Avtopratret"
- Ngo-1834 - "Abesifazane base-Algeria ekuphumuleni kwabo"
- Ngo-1835 - "Ukulwa kukaGyara noHassan"
- Ngo-1838 - "Portrait kaFriederik Chopin"
- Ngo-1847 - "Ukuthumba kweRebecca"
- Ngo-1853 - "UKristu Esiphambanweni"
- Ngo-1860 - "Ukulwa kwamahhashi ama-Arabhu esitebeleni"