I-Biograge
I-Antoine de Saint-expery - umbhali ogama lakhe linguwo wonke umuntu olaziyo le ncwadi ethi "Little Prince". I-biography yombhali womsebenzi ongasoze walibaleka igcwele imicimbi emangalisayo kanye nokunye okuphathelene nokuhlangana, ngoba umsebenzi wawo ophambili wahambisana nendiza.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama eligcwele lomlobi - U-Antoine Marie Jean-Batist Roger de Saint-acpery. Ebuntwaneni, umfana wabizwa ngokuthi uTony. Wazalwa ngoJuni 29, 1900 eLyon, emndenini walesi sikhulu, futhi wayengumntwana wesithathu wezingane ezi-5. Inhloko yomndeni yafa lapho iTony encane ibineminyaka engu-4 ubudala. Lo mndeni wasala ngaphandle kwendlela futhi wathuthela ku-anti, owayehlala eBelkur Square. Imali ayizange iyenze kabi, kepha yanxephezelwa ubungane phakathi kwabafowethu nodadewethu. Eduze kakhulu ne-Antoine kwakunoMfowethu Francois.
Umama wabeka ingane ukuba ithande izincwadi nezincwadi, ikhuluma ngenani lobuciko. Mayelana nobungani bakhe obuthambile nendodana yakhe ifana nezinhlamvu ezishicilelwe. Unentshisekelo ezifundweni zikamama, umfana ubuye wathanda uchwepheshe futhi wakhetha lokho afuna ukuzinikezela.
Ukufunwa kwe-Antoine de Saint kufundwa esikoleni sobuKristu eLyon, bese kuthi kuJesu kuMonteuix. Eminyakeni engu-14, imizamo kamama yathunyelwa empeshenini yaseSwitzerland Catholic. Ngo-1917, u-Antoine wangena kwi-Faculty of Architeture eya eParis School of Fine Arts. I-Bachelor enediploma ezandleni zakhe ibilungiselela ukwamukelwa eLorceum yasolwandle, kepha yehluleka ekukhetheni okuncintisanayo. Ukulahleka okunamandla kwe-Antoine kwabulawa ngumfowenu kusuka ku-rheumatism ye-acticular. Ukulahleka kothandekayo ayekhathazekile, wavalwa ngokwakhe.
Ukundiza komuntu emoyeni
U-Antoine ushaye isibhakabhaka kusukela ebuntwaneni. Okokuqala ngqa evakashele izindiza ngo-12, ngenxa yomshayeli odumile uGabriel Wromblevski, owamthatha ukuze ajabule e-Avadrome e-Amber. Ukuvezwa kwensizwa kwanele ukuqonda ukuthi kungaba yini umgomo wokuphila.
Ngo-1921 kuningi okushintshile kakhulu empilweni ka-Antoine. Ngemuva kokubiza ebuthweni lempi, waphothula iziqu zokushayela izifundo futhi waba yilungu le-Aviation Regiment eStrasbourg. Ekuqaleni, le nsizwa yayiwumhlangano wamasosha omubi e-airfield, kodwa ngokushesha waba ngumnikazi wesitifiketi somshayeli wezembatho. Ukuxoshwa kwakamuva kwandisa izimfanelo zomshayeli wezempi.
Njengoba sesiqede ukuqeqeshwa kwizifundo zesikhulu, u-Antoine wandiza waya esigabeni se-lieutenant encane futhi wakhonza emivuwuvu engama-34. Ngemuva kwendiza engaphumeleli ngo-1923, i-expery, isithole ukulimala ekhanda, indiza kwesobunxele. Umshayeli wendiza wazinza eParis futhi wanquma ukuzazama emkhakheni wemibhalo. Impumelelo ayifikanga. Ukwenza imali, eshukumisiwe yaphoqeleka ukuthi ithengise izimoto, isebenze efektri ethambekele efektri nasezincwadini zokuhweba.
Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi ukuhola indlela enjalo enjalo, u-Antoine wayengakwazi. Ukujwayelana kwakhe okungahleliwe kusizile. Ngo-1926, umshayeli wendiza osemusha wathola isikhundla somakhenikha e-Airline "Aeropochetal", futhi kamuva waba umshayeli wezindiza, owathumela imeyili. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, kwabhalwa eSouth Post Post. Ngemuva kokunyuka okusha, kwalandelwa enye inguqulo. Ukuba yinhloko yesikhumulo sezindiza eCAP-JUBI, eyayiseSahara, u-Antooga wahlanganyela ebukuleni.
Ngo-1929, uchwepheshe onethalente wadluliselwa esikhundleni somqondisi wegatsha lase-Aeropochetal, futhi ukunyakaza kwathuthela eBuenos Aires ukuhola iminyango. Wenza izindiza njalo eCasablanca. Le nkampani, umlobi asebenza kuwo, kwacekelwa phansi, ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-1931, u-Antoine waphinde wasebenza eYurophu.
Okokuqala wasebenza ngezindiza zeposi, wabe eseqala ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi oyinhloko ngesiqondiso esifanayo, waba umshayeli wokuhlola. Kokunye kokuhlolwa kwaba nokuphahlazeka kwendiza. I-expery yahlala yedwa ngenxa yomsebenzi osebenzayo wabahlukene.
Impilo yomlobi yayihlotshaniswa ngokwedlulele, futhi wayengesabi ukuzibeka engcupheni. Ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwephrojekthi ngendiza esheshayo, u-Antoine wathola indiza yokusebenza kulayini weParis-Saigon. Umkhumbi wawela engozini ogwadule. Ukuphuma kusindile ngenxa yengozi. Ngaso kanye nomshini owayesemakhenikisi athule ekugcineni aqhamuka okoma, wasindisa amaBedouins.
Ingozi embi lapho umlobi avakashela khona kwakuwukuqhekeka kwendiza endizeni ukusuka eNew York kuya endaweni yomlilo. Emva kwakhe, umshayeli wendiza wayesenkingeni yezinsuku ezimbalwa, walimaza ikhanda lakhe nehlombe.
Ngawo-1930s, u-Antoan waba nesithakazelo ngobuntatheli futhi waba ngumbhali wephephandaba ngokuthi "iParis Suar". Ngokwesimo sommeleli wephephandaba "entransizhen" expay kwakusempini eSpain. Ubuye wabamba iqhaza ezimpini namaNazi aseMpini Yezwe II.
Izincwadi
Umsebenzi wokuqala we-expereary wabhala ekolishi ngo-1914. Baba inganekwane "i-odyssey yesilinda". Ithalente lomlobi lahlolwa ngokufanele, engeza indawo eyi-1 kumncintiswano obhaliwe. Ngo-1925, uKuzina Antoine wajwayelana nababhali nabamemezeli abathandwayo ngaleso sikhathi. Bajabule ngokunikela kwensizwa futhi banikela ngokubambisana. Kakade ngonyaka olandelayo ongezansi kwamakhasi kamagazini "Silver Ship" washicilela indaba ethi "Pilot".
Imisebenzi yokungenisa ihlotshaniswa nesibhakabhaka nendiza. Umlobi wayenomsebenzi owodwa, futhi wahlanganyela nomphakathi ngokubona komhlaba ngamehlo omshayeli wendiza. Umbhali wakhuluma ngefilosofi yakhe, evumela umfundi ngenye indlela abheke impilo. Kungakho izitatimende zokuvuselela ekhasini lemisebenzi namuhla zisetshenziswa njengezilinganiso.
Ukuba umshayeli wendiza "i-aeropochatal", umshayeli wendiza akazange acabange ukuyeka imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Ukubuyela eFrance Yabafundi Bakhe, waphetha isivumelwano nendlu yokushicilela kaHadon Gallimar ukudala nokushicilela amanoveli ayi-7. I-Extery-umlobi yayikhona eMattelity esondelene nomshayeli we-Exepier.
Ngo-1931, umbhali wathola umklomelo we- "Femina" endizeni ebusuku, kwathi ngo-1932, ifilimu yasuswa yifilimu. Le ngozi ehlane laseLibya kanye nokufika komshayeli wendiza kwasinda, kuzulazula kulo, wachaza emhlabathini wenoveli "(" iplanethi yabantu "). Umsebenzi wawususelwa emsebenzini nasemizweni ekuzakeni nombuso weStalisast eSoviet Union.
"I-Hilial Pilot" yaba umsebenzi we-autobiographical. Umbhali wathonya okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlobene nokuzibandakanya eMpini Yezwe II. Evinjelwe eFrance, le ncwadi yaba nempumelelo emangalisayo e-United States. Abamele Indlu Yokushicilela yaseMelika eyalelwe i-ExURERY inganekwane. Ngakho-ke ukukhanya kwabona "inkosana encane", ehambisana nemifanekiso ye-copyright. Waletha umlobi emhlabeni odumile.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-18, u-Antoine wathandana noLouise Vilmorn. Indodakazi yabazali abacebile ayizange inake ukuthandana kwensizwa eqinile. Ngemuva kokuphahlazeka kwendiza, intombazane yamshaya empilweni yakhe. Umshayeli wendiza waphulukana nothando njengenhlekelele yangempela. Uthando olungafanelekile lumhluphazile. Ngisho nodumo nempumelelo akuzange kuguqule ubudlelwano beLouise, elalihlala lingakhethi.
Ukuxoshwa kujabulele ukunakwa kwamantombazane, ukunxusa ukubukeka okuhle nokubukeka okuhle, kepha akuzange kuphuthume ukwakha impilo yomuntu siqu. Indlela eya endodeni yakwazi ukuthola i-Consuell Suxin. Ngokwesinye sezinguqulo, uConsuelo no-Antoine bahlangana eBuenos Aires sibonga kakhulu. Owayeshade naye unkosikazi, umbhali uGomez Carillo, washona. Uthole induduzo kwinoveli enomshayeli wendiza.
Umshado oshubile wenzeka ngo-1931. Umshado wawungelula. UConsuelo uhlala egoqa amahlazo. Wayenomlingiswa omubi, kepha ubuhlakani kanye nezemfundo zabalingani ababunjiwe yi-Antoine. Umlobi, umkaNkulunkulu, wakhuthazelela okwenzekayo.
Ukushona
Ukufa kwe-Antoine de Saint-Supered kwambozwa esikhawini semfihlakalo. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, wathola isikweletu sokuvikela udumo lwezwe. Njengesimo sempilo, kwahlonzwa umshayeli we-Pilot in regiment yenhlabathi, kepha u-Antoine uxhume ukuxhumana futhi wangena kubuhlakani bendiza.
NgoJulayi 31, 1944, akazange abuyele endizeni futhi waqiniswa uhlu olungekho. Ngo-1988, isongo lombhali ngegama eliqoshwe umlingani litholwe eduze naseMarseille, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2000, ingxenye yendiza ayiphethile. Ngo-2008, kwaziwa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa komshayeli waseJalimane kwakuyimbangela yokufa komlobi. Umshayeli wendiza yokudla kwezindiza zesitha iminyaka emibili ungenise obala lokhu. Eminyakeni engu-60 ngemuva kokuphahlazeka, kwashicilelwa isithombe esivela ekushayweni.
I-bibliography yombhali incane, kepha kuyincazelo yempilo ekhanyayo nenothile yokuphila. Umshayeli onesibindi nomlobi onomusa wamakhulu amabili eminyaka waphila futhi wafa, ngenkathi egcina isithunzi. Ngokumekhumbula, isikhumulo sezindiza saseLyon saqanjwa.
I-Bibliography
- 1929 - "I-Southern Post"
- 1931 - "Imeyili - South"
- Ngo-1938 - "Indiza ebusuku"
- 1938 - "Iplanethi Yabantu"
- 1942 - "I-Aligy Pilot"
- 1943 - "Incwadi eya ekubanjweni"
- 1943 - "Isikhulu Esincane"
- 1948 - "" ICitadel "