I-Biograge
UDuke Wilhelm ngingene endabeni njengomnqobi weNgilandi, umsunguli weNorman Dronusty yamaKhosi. Maphakathi nekhulu le-X, wabumbene ngaphansi kokuqala kwakhe okuqhekekile, wabuthaka ngobuthakathaka, ekwakheni amandla asemqondweni aphakathi nendawo. Inkathi ye-Wilhelm Mina umnqobi sengiphenduke isikhathi seNgilandi inqwaba yezepolitiki nezenhlalo, i-echo yayo ifike emlandweni wanamuhla.Ubuntwana nentsha
UWilhelm wazalelwa edolobheni laseNorman of Faleza engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lokuqala le-XI Century. Izazi-mlando zibiza izinsuku ezintathu ezingaba khona zokuzalwa kwakhe - 1027, 1028 noma i-1029.
Ubaba womfana nguRobert II obabazekayo ebizwa ngokuthi uDeveli, umbusi waseNormandy, umbuso owadalwa ngamaViking nge-IX nge-France enyakatho nentshonalanga yeFrance. Umama Gerleva - umsuka ongeyena ongenacala. Kunolwazi lokuthi uyise, umhlali kaFaleza, wayeyisikhumba esicebile sobungcweti - isikhumba.
Kunenganekwane enhle mayelana nomhlangano wabazali bakaWilhelm. Ngokusolwa ukuthi uRobert II wahlangana nentombazane emfuleni, ebuya ekuzingeleni. Ukulwa kobuhle bakhe, isikhulu sathatha "indondo" kuye esigodlweni saseFalez. Ngokushesha uGerlin wabeletha indodana yakhe, kepha umshado wamaKristu phakathi kwabathandi akwenzekanga, ngakho umfana wayethathwa njengemthethweni. Wabizwa - uWilhelm Bastard.
Kodwa-ke, uRobert ngokwakhe wayibona umfana indodana yakhe. Lokhu kufakazelwa yiqiniso lokuthi, ukuya kohambo eJerusalema ngo-1034, uMkhulu wathi uWilhelm endlalifa lakhe, okuyinkimbinkimbi impela lelo mpilo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngemuva kokushona kukaRobert okungalindelekile ngo-1035, indlalifa ibiyisithiyo endleleni yabafakizicelo abaningi banamandla.
Ukusuka ekufeni okuthembekile kwasindisa iqiniso lokuthi phakathi kwabantu bobukhali bebengenawo umuntu ofanelekile esihlalweni sobukhosi, okwakuzokwamukela iningi. Lokhu kwakusetshenziswa nguMbhishobhi uRouen Robert, owayengumeluleki wokuqala ku-Duke oshonile. Ukuxhumana egcekeni laseFrance, wathola lelo nkosi uHeinrich ngibona uWilhelm osemusha futhi ngaleyo ndlela wabavikela i-vassal yesikhathi esizayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokufa kuka-Archbishop ngaphezulu kwesikhulu, ingozi iphinda yalengiswa. Phakathi kwezihlobo zikaWilhelm kwaqala umzabalazo wokuthonya indlalifa. Omunye wabulala umgadi wakhe. Impilo yesikhulu saseMunyana nayo yayiyingozi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umama umama kamama kangaphezu kwesisodwa asindise umshana, ecashe ezindlini zabampofu.
Izimpi nemisebenzi yombuso
Ngo-1042 kuphela, eba izinsizwa ezineminyaka engu-15 ubudala, ngokwesekwa ngumvikeli waseHeinrich I, uWilhelm waqala ukubamba iqhaza ezindabeni zombuso. Ekuqaleni, ngokucophelela, ukuncika ekuxhaseni ukwazi, bese zonke izikejana zonke zithatha iBrazi yeBhodi ezandleni. Isimilo sakhe, esilukhuni emzabalazweni wamandla, ukugconwa kwemvelaphi engekho emthethweni, ukukhaphela kwabathandekayo, kwaqina futhi kunzima.
Lokhu kufakazelwa ngendlela asebenzelana ngayo nabavukeli, ahlela uzungu ngokumelene no-1044-1046. Ikhanda lokushunansi limi eGilegundy, umngani weBilhelm wobuntwana, owayefuna ukuthwebula amandla e-duchy. Futhi wayezophumelela, ukube bekungengenxa yosizo olulandelayo oluvela kuHeinrich I. Imizamo ehlanganyelwe yamaqhawe aseFrance nawaseNorman aphulukise izihlubuki.
Ihlazo elifanayo laqinisa amandla oMuke Omncane, yebo ama-aristoratis ama-tude amabanga afungiswa. UWilhelm wakhetha ukubheja - idolobha laseKan, owaqala ukukhula futhi achuma. Kodwa-ke, ukuphakama kwe-bastard kwakusacasulwa abamele abanye abantu abathile.
Futhi ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-1050s, okunye ukuvukela kuvuka uhulumeni omusha. Kulokhu inhloko yokuhlubuka kwakuwukuba umalume we-Duke Duke Count Arekese Wilhelm de Telo noMfoweth 'uMozhel. Babetheleleka ohlangothini lwabo lukaHeinrich i, ongemnandi neqiniso lokuthi umbhikisho uhle kakhulu uqinisa isikhundla sawo, iba yisitha sikaNorman.
Lapho ebhekene nengxabano, uHeinrich walahlekelwa yingxenye ebalulekile yamabutho futhi wakhetha ukubuyiselwa. Ngemuva kwalokho inqaba yawela ngenqaba, yagijima uWilhelm de Talu, ishiya umshana ophethwe. Kwakungekho ukuvukelwa kwangaphakathi eDuchy. UWilhelm wakwazi ukuqinisa umbuso, futhi kuze kube yi-1060s, uhlanganyela emikhunjini kuphela nabaphikisi baseFrance - uHeinrich i ne-joffroa martelll, abale i-anzhuy, ehlanganiswe namandla akhulayo aseNorman.
Ababali bahlasela ama-allies kabili eNormandy ngo-1054 no-1058, kepha isikhathi ngasinye sanqotshwa. Ngemuva kokushona kukaHeinrich i noJoffroi Martella ngo-1060, ukuhlaselwa kwamiswa.
Ngo-1066, inkosi yaseNgilandi u-Eleard Fronmorfa yafa. Le monarch yayihlotshaniswa noWilhelm angigcini nje ngezibopho zobungani, kodwa futhi nobudlelwano begazi. Umbusi waseNorman wabalelwa abazukulu bakaMama Edeard. Egcekeni laseNormandy, laba bachitha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 ubudala, lapho bedingisiwe, ngakho-ke bebathanda uWilhelm njengendodana yendabuko futhi bethembisa ukuzazisa izindlalifa eziqondile.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokufa kwenkosi, amaBrithani akhetha inkosi ye-Anglo-Saxon Aristocral Harold Godvinson, umfowabo ka-Eduard umfazi. Sebefundile ngakho, uWilhelm wafutheka. Wenqabile ukubona ibhodi kaHarold futhi waqala ukubutha emkhankasweni wamasosha waya eNgilandi. AbakwaDuke baheha amandla ezinhlangothini ezinkulu, futhi ama-aristocrats avela kwaFlanders neFrance angezelelwa kuwo. Kepha iWilhelm eyinhloko yayisekelwa iVatican.
Ukuyithola, uNormandz wanikeza ubufakazi bokukhohlisa kukaHarold, okungukuthi, wathi ngaphambi kokufa kuka-Edward, njengoba kwathiwa, wathumela uGovindon waya e-Novandy ukufunga inkosi entsha yaseNgilandi, okungukuthi, uWilhelm. UHarold wakwenza lokho, efunga ezinhlakeni ezingcwele ukuqinisekisa ukwesekwa okuphelele kukaWilhelm, kepha isifungo saphuka sabuza isihlalo sobukhosi uqobo.
Lolu lwazi luboniswa e-Moviegraphy Esemthethweni ye-Medieval yeNorman "Izenzo ze-Duke of Wilhelm, ezalolo ezabhalwa yiGilome de Poitiers, futhi, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando," "" intando "yenziwa. kubhekwe njengokungathandeki.
Kepha ngekhulu le-X, akekho owaqala ukuqonda ukuthi liphi iqiniso, futhi liphi amanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, upapa wayezuzisa ukuma ngasohlangothini lukaWilhelm, owathembisa ukususa umbhishobhi omkhulu waseCanterbury Stiganda. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Agasti 1066, umkhankaso weDuke ngebutho labantu abacishe babe yizinkulungwane eziyi-7. Esesuka eLa Mans, amabutho akhulelwe edolobheni elithi Hastings, eningizimu yeLondon.
Lapha ngo-Okthoba 14, 1066, impi ebabazekayo yenzeka, eyashintsha inkambo yomlando wesiNgisi. Ibutho likaHarold lahlulwa, futhi wabulawa ngokwakhe. Ukunqoba empini yeHastings kwavula ukufinyelela kwe-Wilhelm kumqhele wesiNgisi. Futhi yize ama-anglesosak amadenusties asabe nokumelana neNorman Duke, izenzo zawo akusakwazi ukuxazulula lutho.
Ngo-December 25, 1066, ukumbona kukaWilhelm kwaba njengombusi waseNgilandi. Ukuhambisa uMbuso, uNormandec waqala ukwakhiwa kwaleyo ndawo yokuhlala - umbhoshongo waqala ukusebenzisa inqubomgomo yamandla. Izikhala eziphakeme manje sezihlale kuphela ama-vassas akhe, umhlaba ovela e-Anglo -Kan Feudal Feudal Feudalists abamba iqhaza empini yenzeka futhi banikeze abaphumelele abaseNtala.
Enganelisekise amaBrithani azama ukuvukela, khona-ke kwavela lapho, lapho, yinkosi entsha eyayicindezelwa ngonya. Ngasikhathi sinye, uNorman uthathwa ukwabiwa kabusha kwale nsimu - amazwe avukela ama-aristocrats aqedwa, kwazisa izikhulu zezomhlaba ezintsha, zethula izikhulu zeSan, zizama ukuqinisa ubunikazi obusha.
Ngo-1075, ukucindezela okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuvukela kwamagrafu amathathu", uWilhelm wathola ukuqashelwa kwamandla kokugcina. Kepha ngalesi sikhathi izinkinga zaqala e-Normandy. IFrance ngaba yinkosi endala i-Filipp I yaqala ukukhombisa imizwa ye-antinormandic. Kwathi ngo-1078, ngisho nendodana yakhe eyakhe uRobert Kurtges, owayefuna ukuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi eNormandy ngoWilhelm. UFiliphu ngasisekela lesi sivukeli, kepha uWilhelm wakunciphisa izihlubuki, uRobert wabalekela ukuba uFlanders.
Ukubuyela eNgilandi, iKing Wilhelm ithathwa ukuze kuguqulwe isisekelo sombuso. Uvumele ukukhokhwa kwentela ngeyunithi ngayinye yezwe ngalinye amaSaxons namaNorman. Futhi ukuzethemba ngokunemba kwezinkokhelo, wayala uhlu olukhulu olufunwayo, edweba uhlu lomhlaba wombuso nabanikazi bawo. Ukubalwa kwabantu kwenziwa iminyaka engu-6, kuqoqa imininingwane encwadini ebizwa ngokuthi "yeNkantolo yokugcina". USaksa wayibiza ngokuthi yi-anemibono ngesitsha ntambama, lapho umuntu ekhombisa uhlu lwezEnzo.
UWilhelm wenza izinguquko eziningi emkhakheni ongokomoya, wandisa ukuthembela kwebandla elivela enkosini: waqala ukulawula ukuqokwa kwababhishobhi futhi wakhipha isinqumo sokuthi amadokhumenti e-papal awasebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume yenkosi, ahlukaniswe kahle amandla esonto nezwe. Ulimi olusemthethweni lwaba uNorman ngolimi lwesiFulentshi. Lezi kanye nezinye izinyathelo ziholele ekubonakaleni kwamandla ahlanganisiwe eNgilandi. Yilolu hlelo lwezenhlalo-zezepolitiki oluzoba yisisekelo se-Medieval English State.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokungafani nobaba uWilhelm I, umnqobi kwakungeyona i-metropolitan futhi impilo yomuntu siqu yayithathwa kuphela kusukela lapho kubukwa izintshisekelo zezepolitiki. Ngo-1053 (kweminye imithombo - ngo-1056), isibusi, naphezu kokuvinjelwa kwesonto, ndodakazi yegrafu iFlanders Baldina V. vele, uNorman walandela imicabango ngesihlalo sobukhosi sesiNgisi, ngoba uMatilda wayeyinzalo ye Inkosi yokuqala yaseNgilandi u-Alfred Great.
Umshado wathembisa amathemba amahle. 10 Izingane zazalelwa kule nyunyana: amadodakazi ayi-6, amadodana angu-4 - uRobert (uNicknald Kurtgez), uRichard, uWilhelm II, uHeinrich i Blungele. Konke impilo yakhe ehlushwa yicala le-bastarda, uWilhelm emshadweni wahlukaniswa ukwethembeka, ukulangazelela.
Ukwahlulela ngomfanekiso weNkosi, lo ngumuntu ophethwe nguhulumeni (ukuphakama ngo-178 cm) ngamandla amakhulu omzimba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwahlushwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Ukushona
I-Clummuss ngenxa yokuphelela okuqinile futhi yabangela ukufa kwenkosi. Ekupheleni kuka-1086, waya e-Norandy ngenxa yokuxabana okwephukile nenkosi yaseFrance i, owaqala ukonakalisa impahla kaWilhelm. Ngokubhubhisa i-French City of Mant, inkosi yayishayela imigwaqo yayo yokuvala. Kungazelelwe, kwaqhamuka ihhashi emalahle avuthayo adubule izinqwaba. Ubukhulu, uWalhelm ongacacile akakwazanga ukumelana esihlalweni nasekuweni kwalimala kakhulu esiswini.
Kwaphela izinyanga eziyisithupha, uMbusi waqhutshwa ekuhlushweni, ukopha isilonda isimemezelo futhi wagula kakhulu. NgoSeptemba 9, 1087, uWilhelm washona esigodlweni sezindela saseSanta-Zenven, eduzane naseRouen, wasinda emkankosikazi kaMatilda iminyaka engu-4. Ngaphambi kokuba afe, inkosi yabeka isihlalo sobukhosi saseNgilandi endodaneni yesibili kaWilhelm, kwathi uRoberta wanika amandla anamandla aseNormandy.
Isikhumbuzo esiseWilhelm ngitholakala eFrench Falez. Izincwadi eziningi zibhaliwe ngenkathi yebhodi lakhe, amafilimu nama-serials adutshulwe.