I-Biograge
U-Alexey Savrasov - umdwebo wezindlu ngokupenda kwaseRussia, indoda enesiphetho esinzima. Imisebenzi yakhe insizakalo kangangokuba ibukeka njengezinkondlo ze-Classics, ibhale ku-canvas. UGenaya wabeka abafundi, izilaleli zifundela igama elisha kwezobuciko, kodwa ukuhlukaniswa komndeni, notshwala nobunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo nobunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo obulandela laba baholwa ngumculi kuze kube sekupheleni obubuhlungu.Ubuntwana nentsha
Cishe iminyaka yokuqala ku-biography ka-Alexei Kondratyevich iyazi okuncane. UnguMdabu Moskvich. Uzalelwe entwasahlobo yango-1830 emndenini womthengisi ohlala endaweni kaZamoskvorechye.
Ubaba weKondrati Arteryyevich wayekhiqiza uHaberdashely futhi ephupha ukuthi izingane zizodla ifa lomthambo wakhe wokuthengisa. Umfowabo omncane kaNadezhda, uNikolay, owathola ifa lebhizinisi lomndeni eladelwa ngumzali wethemba. Iqiniso elithandekayo - kuze kube ama-50s, umdwetshi wabhala isibongo sakhe njengoBaba - ngo "O", eSepras, kodwa kamuva ". Ngakho-ke, odadewabo abangashadile kanye noMfoweth 'uSunankulu basakazeka.
Umfana wacatshwa kusenesikhathi ubuciko obubonakalayo. Kakade ngo-12, wapenda i-watercolor kanye ne-gouache averation yendlela yothando. Imisebenzi eyenziwe yintsha yaziswa njengemisebenzi yangempela yobuciko futhi yathengwa ngentokozo emgwaqweni wokuthi ekuqaleni uYise owayebone amathuba enzuzo, ejabule. Konke kwashintsha kusukela lapho umncane u-Alexey umemezele lesi sinqumo sokufunda kumculi futhi angene eMoscow School of Painting and Sculpture (Music).
Abadala uSenovas bamelana ngokwezifiso ukukhethwa kweNdodana, okuthi ngo-1844 kwadlula ngempumelelo izivivinyo zokungena ngempumelelo futhi kwaba ngumfundi. Kwakujeziswe nge-ruble, yokungazi kwabazali kanye nokudingiselwa e-attic. Ukungabikho kwensizwa emakilasini emadodeni kwachazwa ngenxa yezizathu zomndeni.
Ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza kokuphila kuphela esihlokweni esinethalente lothisha, ofunda nabo kanye nokukhuthaza kwe-Ober-Pollzmeter Moscow Dmitry Luzina Alexey bakwazile ukubuyela ekilasini likaCharles Ivanovich Rabas.
Isibalo sesigqila empilweni ye-savrasov siyisisekelo. Uthole iziqu zeSt Petersburg Academy of Arts, indawo enethalente, waba odumile kuqala njengomfundisi. Inkosi yamagama yaphakanyiswa futhi yaphefumulelwa kamenev, Hertz, Amoni, Bocharov nabanye abaningi. Ngaphansi kokuqala kwakhe, ubuhlakani bomfundi buvezelwa - i-savrasov yakhuluma ngokushesha njengento entsha ekupendweni kweRussia.
Ukupenda
Izithombe ezenziwe eminyakeni yabafundi zithole ukuqashelwa komphakathi kanye nozakwabo. Ngo-1848, ithalente lakhe laphawulwa esitatimendeni esikhethekile sabantu. Ngo-1849 yena, njengoMlobi wemidwebo engcono kakhulu yabafundi, amema umvikeli we-lolhache ohambweni lokudala oluya eningizimu yeRussia. Mayelana nemisebenzi eyenziwe ngaphansi kohambo lolo hambo, wabhala umgxeka uNikolai Ramzanov:
"Amapapathi e-savrasova" aphefumula ubusha, okuhlukahlukene futhi okunemizwa edonswa ibhulashi lomdwebi ngenxa yokubukwa okufudumele nangokwenhlangano enengqondo ngokwemvelo. "Ngawo-1850s, wethula eMkhandlwini Wokwethu 2 uyasebenza: "Umbono we-Kremlin yaseMoscow ngesikhathi sokukhanya kwenyanga" kanye "netshe elisehlathini elisehlathini", wakhonza njengezisekelo ezanele zokunikeza isihloko somculi .
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zemisebenzi yoMdali ukubhoboza, imvelo enezithombe, egcwele umqondo. Ukwenza kabusha amasiko othando, wanezela eCanvas Realism, ngokungalimazi, ubuqotho.
"Ukudonsa" ubuhle besithombe sakhe kudonsela ukunaka kwempindiselo. Ngo-1854, i-Great Princess Maria Nikolaevna yathola omunye wemisebenzi yababhali futhi wamenywa ukuthi azothenga endaweni yokuhlala yezwe eSergiyevka, ephakathi kwezindawo ezinamakha amahle kakhulu: Oranienbaum kanye nePeturof.
Lolu hambo luzothela izithelo. Kubhalwe imisebenzi lapha kuzoletha isihloko sensizwa eneminyaka engama-24 ye-Academian, kanye "nokubuka eduze kwe-Oranienbaum" kuzokujabulela ukuthenga uPavel Tretakov. Umsebenzi wobuciko uzongena ohlwini lwemibukiso yokuqala yokuqoqwa kwegalari yakhe, lapho isithombe sigcinwa khona.
Ngo-1858, ngemuva kokushona kwesigqila sakhe esithandekayo, umculi walingisa isigaba samadoda. Abafundi bakhe bayoba ngamakhosi avelele: U-Isaka Levitan, abafowethu uKorovny, uMikhail Nestov. Umoya wenkululeko ubuse emhlanganweni wokusebenzela weSavrasov, wasibunaka isiyalo futhi wavumela amawadi kakhulu kune-charter evunyelwe. U-Igor Grabrar wabhala:
"USavrasov wayazi ukuthi angagqugquzela abafundi bakhe, futhi abakwamukelayo ngokukhulekelwa kwemvelo ngentshiseko, baqubule embuthanweni osondelene, abasebenzile hhayi ukusonta izandla nakuworkshop, nasekhaya, nasemvelweni."
Kamuva, indlela yakhe yokuhamba ngezinyawo izoba ngesinye sezizathu zokuxoshwa eyunivesithi kanye notshwala. I-Superb ehlanganisiwe imisebenzi yokudala nokufundisa. Ngonyaka ngemuva kokuqokwa, wabhala omunye wemidwebo emihle kakhulu - "indawo nomfula nomdobi" (manje ogcinwe eRiga).
Kuma-60s, wahlanganyela embukisweni we-Charity Mall, wahamba eYurophu, ekubhaleni ubumbano ngeVasily Pukirev, wakhipha incwadi yokudweba. Umqhele weshumi leminyaka yobuciko kwakuyi "Losyina Island eSokolniki".
I-70th yaba yisikhathi esimangazayo kakhulu emsebenzini kanye nesikhathi esikhulu kunazo zonke emculweni womculi. Uhamba kakhulu. Eshiya iMoscow, isikhathi eside ahlala esifundazweni. Umbono omuhle kakhulu ku-savrasov ukhiqiza iVolga kanye ne-Landscapes eduze komfula onamandla futhi ogcwele. Kunikezwe iZavolzhsky kwabhalwa kuma-canvases amaningi, kufaka phakathi "Burlaki kuVolga". Kunelukuluku lolo suku leminyaka emi-2 kamuva, i-canvas enegama elifanayo izokwakha i-ilya repin evelele.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-savrasov ihambisana nokuzithandela nentwasahlobo, umculi wabhala imvelo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isibonelo, efa lomlobi umsebenzi omningi onegama elifanayo "indawo ebusika".
Ngo-1871, ubhala u- "Gracis endiza" - isithombe lapho igama lakhe manje sihambisana naphakade. I-canvas yaqala ukuboniswa embukisweni we-debut yokubambisana kwemibukiso yobuciko beselula, omunye wabasunguli bawo kwakunguSavrasov. U-Ivan Kramskaya, uqhathanisa ne-canvas ngemisebenzi yakwezikhathi zasosikhathi, wabhala
"Izihlahla, amanzi ngisho nomoya, kepha kunomphefumlo kuphela" kumagrafu "."
Kubhalwe ngesandla "sombhali" wabalobi wabe ungalingani. Izinkinga zotshwala zithintwe, umbono olwesabeka kakhulu nobuphofu, lapho umdwebi walahla khona. Phakathi komsebenzi wesikhathi - "ukubukeka komhlaba. IVolynsky Village, "lapho izinto zingajwayelekile ze-savrasov - amapayipi okubhema, ifektri ingaba.
Isitayela esisha somlobi, ukubheka imvelo yaseRussia sekuyingqophamlando emlandweni wokupenda, izwi lakhe lobuciko elisuka enhliziyweni aliyona ivesi. Intshisakalo ebuntwini nasebuhlakani i-savrasova kusekuhle: amafilimu asuswa ngaye, abhalela izindatshana ezibucayi, enza imibukiso, enza amagugu acebile omculi emehlweni ezizukulwane.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kuwo mculi we-1857 wahlanganiswa nomshado osemthethweni noSofia Hertz, owayenodadewabo womngane wakhe kanye neyunivesithi umngane. Emshadweni, kwazalwa izingane ezi-5. 2 Amadodakazi omculi afa ebuntwaneni, okwakungowakhe futhi avuse umdubuli omubi.
Ngo-1876, lo mbhangqwana wahlukaniswa. Unkosikazi waya kudadewabo, ethatha izingane, futhi empilweni yomculi kwaqala isikhathi sokuzula. Kwakuwumlutha wotshwala, ubukhona be-vyschensky bebeshayela, usizo losizo, olwanikezwa abangane "kusukela esikhathini esedlule", ngokwesibonelo, iTretakov. Iminyaka emibili ehlanganiswe nokholo ngomusa. Kusukela ngo-1983 kuze kube sekufeni, waphila noCatherine Morgunova, owamnika ithemba lendodakazi nendodana u-Alethei, kamuva waba ngumculi odumile waseSoviet.
Ukushona
Iminyaka kanye nomlutha olimazayo wotshwala wathela impilo yomculi. Ukhohliwe wonke umuntu, ngo-1897, washonela esibhedlela abampofu.
Ababili babekhona emngcwabeni: amaphethelo kaTretytakov nomfundi kaLevi, ochaze amakhosi anjengalawa:
"USavrasova uvele amazwi womculo ekupendweni komhlaba nangothando olungenamkhawulo ngezwe lakhe lomdabu, futhi lokhu kuhlangana okungazethembi akusoze kwalibaleka emkhakheni wobuciko baseRussia."Ithuna litholakala emathuneni amaVagankovsky.
Imidwebo
- Ngo-1850 - "Itshe Ehlathini E-Spill"
- Ngo-1852 - Ukukhanya Esitebhisini "
- Ngo-1854 - "Buka eduze kwe-Oranienbaum"
- Ngo-1859 - "Ukubukwa noMfula nomdobi"
- Ngo-1862 - "Uhlobo oluSwitzerland"
- Ngo-1869 - "Isiqhingi saseLosyina eSokolniki"
- Ngo-1871 - "Burlaki kuVolga"
- Ngo-1871 - "I-Graci Flew"
- 1871 - "I-Pechersk Monastery eduze naseNizhny Novgorod"
- Ngo-1873 - "Rap"
- Ngo-1875 - "RAINBOW"
- Ngo-1884 - "Kutuzov Hut kumafilithi"