I-Biograge
Umlobi we-American Rex Stout evela eminyakeni emincane wamangala labo abaseduze kwamakhono akhe: umfana owayengafunda ibhayibheli ngebhayibheli nge-cork elokhokho elokhokho, egcwele isisa. Enye i-biography ye-stout nayo igcwele imicimbi efuna ukwazi, iwela kanye ne-ups.
Uthola imali ekhokhwayo - futhi ulahlekelwa yizimali eziningi ngesikhathi senhlekelele, ubhala umsebenzi owodwa emva kokunye - futhi kungazelelwe kuthunyelwa iminyaka eyishumi. Uchungechunge lwempumelelo nokwehluleka kwaphela lapho umlobi efika noNiro Wolfe no-Archie Foodwin - amanoveli ama-Detective, lapho ababili balaba babalingiswa besebenza, futhi okuningi kuthathwa kakhulu ngabathandi bohlobo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Rex Stout yazalwa ngoDisemba 1, 1886 edolobheni laseNoblssville, Indiana, USA. Wayengumntwana wesithupha emndenini, wayenabafowabo nodadewethu abayisishiyagalolunye. Abazali bomlobi, uJohn Wallace baphethe noLyutetta Elizabeth Todhantter, babengabantu benkolo - babenenhlangano yabantu abafundayo. Kungekudala nje ngemuva kokubukeka komfana, umndeni wabo omkhulu wathuthela eKansas.
Umlobi ubaba wayenguthisha. Wasebenzisa amakhono akhe okuhamba ngezinyawo enkonzweni nasekhaya. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, wafunda ekuseni kakhulu ukuba afunde, ngeminyaka emine wayesevele efunda iBhayibheli, awele kabili kabili. Okuzungezile okubizwa ngokuthi umfana nge-runger - ngo-13 waba ngumlando wombuso wesipelingi. Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, uRex wangena e-University of Kansas, etholakala eLawrence.
Ebusheni bakhe, kusukela ngo-1906 kuya ku-1908, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wakhonza e-US Navy, waze wenzeka enyangweni ngoMongameli wacht. Eminyakeni engu-4 ezayo, basebenza lapha, lapho-ke lapho, basuka kwesinye isifundazwe baye kwesinye lapho befuna isabelo esiseduze. Lapho-ke umfana wanquma ukuzama amabutho ezincwadini. Ngo-1910-1911, wanyathelisa izinkondlo eziningana kumagazini we-Smart Set.
Umphenyi wokuqala waseRoma Rex washicilelwa ngo-1913. Kodwa-ke, imali etholwa yile nsizwa engazange ilethe umsebenzi wayo, kanye nohlelo lokuqongelela imali ebhange. Ngo-1916 wamukelwa ezikoleni ezingama-400 zase-US. Imali etholwe le asebeni yayingaphezu kweminyaka eminingana yokuba khona okunethezekile nohambo oluya eYurophu.
Izincwadi
Waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala ngawo-1910. Esikhathini sokuphumula phakathi kweminyaka yana-1912 no-1918, kwashicilelwa imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-40. Ngokuyisisekelo, baphrintiwe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yiPulp Magazine - Kubalwe amamagazini ashibhile kumfundi weziningi. Izinguqulo ezishicilelwe yindalo yombhali osemusha kwakungu magazini wezindaba zonke, umagazini kaSmith, izindaba ezimfishane nabanye. I-REX ibingakhawulelwe ohlotsheni olulodwa, ngaleso sikhathi wabhala abaseshi, adventures, inganekwane yesayensi.
Lapho-ke umsebenzi wathatha ikhefu emsebenzini we-stata. Le nsizwa yafuna ukuthola imali eyanele nangezinye izindlela, yahlanganyela ezincwadini enjabulweni yayo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, uRex akazange abhale incwadi eyodwa, umthombo oyinhloko weholo lawo kwakuwukuthola inzalo yombhali ukuze kusetshenziswe uhlelo lokonga lwasebhange. Kepha, ngeshwa, le ndoda yalahlekelwa yile mali ngo-1929, lapho kuqala ukudangala okukhulu.
Ngo-1929, kwashicilelwa umsebenzi omusha we-stata - inoveli yezengqondo "njenge-Divine". Kwalandelwa ezinye izincwadi ezintathu zokuzilolonga okufanayo, kepha azange zinciphise impumelelo enkulu. Ngo-1934, umbhali wadedelwa ngokungaziwa ukuthi uMongameli wezombusazwe "wanyamalala". I-Incognito umlobi asuse intshisekelo yomphakathi, abagxeki baphendule ngokufana nangobusha. Ngenkathi abafundi beqagela ukuthi ngubani owabhala inoveli, uRex wakujabulela amahemuhemu amnandi, ungxabano uzungeze umsebenzi wakhe. Wavula igama lakhe ngo-1939 kuphela.
Ngawo-1930s, umlobi wagxila ngokuphelele ohlotsheni lomseshi. Ngo-1934, kwashicilelwa ama-FER-de-lance, abeka ukuqala kochungechunge lweRomanov mayelana nomsebenzi wangasese uNiro Wolfe noMsizi wakhe unomphela. Incwadi yanyatheliswa eFarrar & Rinehart Publishing House, kanti nenketho yayo efushanisiwe yabekwa ekukhululweni kwakamuva komagazini waseMelika.
I-Niro Wolf, noma, njengoba ibibiza omunye wabagxeki, "falstafa of the World of Tensists", waletha umhlaba udumo uFlow Stata. Amanoveli ngaye abeka isisekelo sezihlangu eziningana, amafilimu anomsebenzi wakhe wangasese nomsizi wakhe bahlungwa e-USA, eJalimane, eRussia nase-Italy.
Ngo-1937, encwadini ethi "Hand in Gloves", uRex waletha umlingiswa omusha - umgcini we-ejensi wale ndoda ephethwe ngasese dol bonner. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwi-Bribliography yombhali Kunamanoveli mayelana nomnikazi wangasese weTekum Fox kanye nama-Alphar Alpharc alfabhethi. Kodwa-ke, impumelelo yochungechunge olukhuluma nge-niro Wolfe ayiphindwanga. Kusukela ngo-1940, bazinikezele ngokuzenzekela uchungechunge lwamanoveli ngala maqhawe amabili, kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe wazenzela yena uqobo.
Kuze kube ngu-1966, umlobi wakhipha incwadi eyodwa ngonyaka. Okuhlukile kwakungu-1943, lapho uRex enza imisebenzi yomphakathi. Ngokujoyina inhlangano Ukulwa nenkululeko ("Yilwa Inkululeko"), wahlanganyela e-Anti-Nazi Propaklanda. Lapho impi iphela, wabuyela ekwakhiweni. Sekukonke, amanoveli angama-33 nendaba engama-41 abhalwa ngoNiro Wolfe. Phakathi kwazo kukhona "inhlangano yamadoda ase-crosshead amadoda" (1935), "ama-orchid amnyama" (1941), "isicupho sokufa" (1944), "icala elisontekile" (1950), "isicupho sombulali" (1958) nabanye.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yombhali ibingekho masinyane. Ngo-1916, wayeshade nentombazane egama linguFay Kennedy, owayevela edolobheni lesihloko, eKansas. Umshado wabo wawa ngo-1933. Umlingani wesibili Rex waba ngumklami waphansi we-Weinbach Hoffman, oNee Josephine Paul Weinbach. Sizokubona nombhali wabaseshi, wayehlala e-Austria, lapho afunda khona eMklami kaJosef Hoffman odumile uJosef Hoffman. Lapho-ke, kuphuma indodana yakhe uWolfgang, yathuthela e-USA.
URex noPaul bajwayelana ngo-1931, ngasikhathi sobabili bebengesikhulu. Umlobi wavele wamisa indlu yakhe egqumeni elisendaweni ephakathi kweBrewster naseDanjiry. UHoffman weza enkampanini nomunye umlobi uLiuis Gannet. Ubudlelwano bakaRex kanye nezitezi zaqala ngokushesha, ngonyaka olandelayo bahlukana nezindlela zabo zangaphambili "." NgoDisemba 21, 1932 Umshado wabo wenzeka, wachitha umkhosi womphakathi endlini entsha, ebizwa ngokuthi i-High Meadow ("High Meadow").
Lo mbhangqwana waphila ngenjabulo efeni elihambisana nezingane zakhe - uPawulu wabeletha umlobi ngamadodakazi amabili. Izikhathi zeNew York Times ezindabeni eziphathelene nabalingani, babona sengathi umculi we-Falul Textile wayekhazimula engxenyeni eyodwa yendlu, umyeni wakhe ubhala amabhayisekili mayelana nomunye "(koqobo - umdlalo wamagama : "Ukuphonsa imichilo" kusho ngasikhathi sinye kanye "nesinongo sentambo", futhi "ukugibela ibhayisekili", "kutshela abakwa-UNRECrececententents"). Ngemuva kokufa kukaRex, ilungelo lefa lakhe lokubhala lathuthela kumkakhe.
Ukushona
Umlobi ushone ngo-Okthoba 27, 1975. Isizathu sokufa kwakhe sasingokwemvelo - URex wavele waya emhlabeni wezinye ngemuva kwempilo ende nefunwayo. Futhi nakuba eminyakeni yamuva nje azange bakhulule encwadini eyodwa ngonyaka, njengoba kwenzeka ngaphambili, izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa, wanyathelisa "umndeni" wenoveli.
Impilo yesibili yalezi zinhlamvu kwalethwa nguRobert Goldsborro, owabhala amanoveli ambalwa njengesipho sokugula kukanina, umlandeli omkhulu womsebenzi we-stata. Izincwadi zawa emphefumulweni hhayi kuye kuphela, kodwa namadodakazi kaRex. Ngemvume yabo ngo-1986, iGoldsboro iyasebenza ukubona ukukhanya.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1913 - "" I-Knight Evinjelwe "
- 1929 - "NjengoNkulunkulu"
- 1934 - "Fer de Lance"
- 1935 - "Iligi labesilisa abethukile"
- Ngo-1937 - "Isandla Esigcwele"
- Ngo-1939 - "Kubusuku Zonke"
- Ngo-1941 - "Ngaphandle kokubulawa"
- Ngo-1946 - "UMorgov Street №1"
- 1949 - "Ukuqashelwa kwesibili"
- 1953 - "Izicabucabu zegolide"
- 1956 - "Yidla, uphuze ufe"
- 1962 - "Gambur"
- Ngo-1968 - "Ukuphishekela Kukababa"
- 1973 - "Sicela ukhiphe isono"
- 1975 - "Umndeni"