I-Biograge
UJean de Lafontiton - imbongi-basinople nomlobi, i-Great French Classic. Ngaphandle kokubolekwa kwabanye ababhali, eyasendulo neyanamuhla, yadala yonke isitayela nendawo yonke, umuntu uqobo kanye nobuntu, ayingqayizivele, ayifinyeleleko kuwo wonke umuntu. Bassni, ngenxa yalokho umFrance owathola udumo, akha ingxenye encane yemibhalo yawo. Wabhala izindaba ezimbalwa ezinezipayisi emavesini, inoveli, wazama yena e-Elessia naseFigsy, e-Epigram nasehlathini. Le misebenzi ivunyelwe ngokuzindla komuntu siqu kanye nokungazi lutho okuhle.Ubuntwana nentsha
UJean de Lafantaine (Jean de La La Fontaine) wazalwa ngoJulayi 8, 1621 e-Chateau-Thierry, esifundazweni saseChampagne. Wayeyindodana ephakathi kaCharles de Lafantaine, i-Forester Duchy Chateau-Tierry kanye nokubuka amakhosi, nendodakazi kaFrancoise, indodakazi kaJean Pidu, Lord Jean Pidu, Lord Jean Pidu, Nkosi uJean Pidu. Umfowabo omncane ogama lakhe linguClaude wazalwa ngo-1623. Udadewethu omdala ka-Ann de Zhui uneminyaka engu-1611 ubudala wayengumntwana emshadweni wokuqala kanina wokuqala nomthengisi weLouis de Zhui Merchant.
Uchithe iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila eTaiteau Tierry, eSinion ukuthi abazali bakhe bathenga ngo-1617. Kunemininingwane emincane mayelana neminyaka yesikole. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wavakashela ekolishi lomuzi wakhe wendabuko, wasusa isiLatini. Lapho, waba ngabangane noFrancois de Mokrua, imbongi yekusasa kanye nomhumushi, i-abbot ethonya i-lafentena.
Ababelethi balungiselela indodana esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo yangokweseminari kwathi ngo-1641 yamyisa emthonjeni. Ngemuva konyaka, le nsizwa ishiye indlela yenkolo, ikhetha ukufunda u-anyanisi d'uryf noFrancois RAb esikhundleni seSt Augustine.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uJean waya eParis ukuyofunda okulungile. Lapho, wangena embuthanweni wezimbongi ezisencane, wazibiza ngokuthi "ama-knights wetafula eliyindilinga," wahlangana noPaul Pellisson, uFrancois Charpathy, iTalloman de Reo. Ngo-1649, uLafontin wathola idiploma yommeli futhi wathenga okuthunyelwe nguYise e-Chateau-Tierry. UJean wayengumsebenzi osemthethweni. Ngaleso sikhathi, izincwadi zakhe zahlalwa, futhi wanquma ukuzinikela ebuhlakani.
Ukusebenza
Umsebenzi wokuqala we-Laberaine waba amahlaya ngezenzo ezi-5 "Eunich", enyatheliswa ngo-1654. Kwakuwukuzivumelanisa nomsebenzi woMsebenzi Wokudlala Kwasendulo KwaseRoma kokuqina, okwakudlulile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umvikeli wezincwadi waseFrance wawunguSuperintendant Nicholas uxosha, uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali u-Louis XIV, owadlala indima enkulu eBistography yembongi. Ngokushesha uLafontiton uthole i-oda emisebenzini yezinkondlo kanye "nomhlalaphansi obhala" ngenkulungwane yama-livres.
Ngaphezu komsebenzi ophoqelekile, imbongi yanikela ngenkondlo enkondlweni ethi "Adonis", yabhalwa ngoMoya wenkondlo yasendulo yaseRoma embongi yaseRoma, yaqala ukudala umsebenzi enkazimulweni yezakhiwo ze-FUCE e-Le Songe de Vaux. Isigodlo sikaNgqongqoshe ngaleso sikhathi sasisesigabeni sokwakha, ngakho-ke uLafontin wachaza ngesimo sephupho. Le ODA yahlala ingaqediwe ngenxa yokuboshwa kukaNgqongqoshe ngo-1661.
UJean wahlala ethembekile kumngane nomeluleki, ekuzivikeleni kwakhe, wadala i- "ODU King", ebhekiswe kuLouis XIV, futhi "u-Eli NIFAMI e" yiNhloko yoHulumeni kaJean- Batista kolbera.
U-Patron Lafennen omusha otholakala ebusweni bukaMarie Annie Mancni, uDuchess Heanon, omncane kunabo bonke ubuhlalu bakaHardinal Mazarini, bese kuba yi-Duchess of Orleans. Ngaphansi kokuphakama kokugcina kwashicilelwa iqoqo le-rust lembongi "Tales kanye ne-Novella emavesini" ngo-1664. UJaconoto ufakiwe kulo, icebo lawo elibolekwe enkondlweni ethi "Furass Orlando Orlando" lomlobi wase-Italy uLouis Ariosto, kanye "ne-" Carnoers "ephukile futhi kungenzeka".
Imisebenzi yangaphambilini yembongi yayincane kakhulu, futhi leli qoqo labangela izingxabano ezimnandi emibuthanweni ebhaliwe kanye nengxabano phakathi kweLafontiton kanye ne-Duke of Rehon, ehunyushwe ngokuthi "ngobudlova noma i-Orlondo" ngaphambili.
Ngo-1665 no-1666, izindaba ezimbili ezithi "izinganekwane nenoveli emavesini" zaphuma. Kulokhu umlobi waphendukela eziza ezifuywayo ze-Bokcachcho kanye neqoqo "izindaba eziyikhulu ezintsha", ezazinemisebenzi yezinganekwane zaseFrance. ULazontaine wahlanjalazwa ukuhlambalaza ngokungabikho kokuziphatha nokuziphatha.
Ngo-1668, imbongi yashicilela incwadi yokuqala kaBassen, equkethe imisebenzi yohlobo olusha, umsunguli wayo wawutha njengembongi yasendulo yamaGrikhi i-Ezop. Uma ubheka kuqala, lezi kwakuyizinganekwane, kepha zinobuhlakani, umlingiswa ofundisayo nezincazelo ezingokomfanekiso zihlukanise kusukela endalweni edlule ye-lafenten.
Eqoqweni elibizwa nge- "Basni Ezopa, i-" Voron and Fox "(" Raven kanye neLis ")," udrako kanye nentuthwane "(" cicada kanye namagilebhisi "bangena eVoron ne-fox. Lawa magama ajwayelene nomfundi waseRussia kusukela ebuntwaneni emisebenzini ka-Ivan Krylov.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kwanyatheliswa izincwadi ezi-5 zamaBasen evesini. Le misebenzi enikezelwe eFrance Datherine yaba nempumelelo enkulu, yaletha udumo kuMdali. Izinhlobonhlobo zamahhala futhi ezimahhala ngesimo, i-basni lafontien yamboza izici eziningi zokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu. Esikhathini somzabalazo wobumsulwa bezwe, umbhali wasebenzisa amagama akwa-Archaic, ama-colloquolism, izinhlaka eziphelelwe yisikhathi.
I-Bastyszy yabonakala iphila ngesikhathi ngemisebenzi yohlobo lwesibili, izincwadi zezingane. Amavesi alula akhohlisayo akhunjulwa kalula, kepha ngasikhathi sinye akhombise ukuqonda okujulile kwemvelo yomuntu. Imigqa yazo yaba amayunithi amashozelo aseFrance.
Ngo-1669, uLafontin washicilela "Uthando lwe-Psyche ne-Cupid", inoveli ende emavesini kanye neprosesh, ephefumulelwe umsebenzi wefilosofi yasendulo yesazi saseRoma apulean "Green Donkey". Lo msebenzi, ohlukaniswe yisitayela senkondlo esicashile kanye nefomu le-prosaic ecashile, uveze isimo sengqondo somlobi ukuba sithande, ubuhle nobuciko, bashiye umphakathi ongenandaba. Phakathi kwabesifazane kwathola umbhalo onemigomo ephikisanayo yama-aesthetics adala.
Iqoqo lesithathu le- "Fairy Tales" lavela ngo-1671, u-8 unoveli wangena kulo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uLafantaine kwadingeka alahle okuthunyelwe kwenduna, ngemuva kokufa kwamaDuchess of Orleans, wahlala ngaphandle komsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1673, umlobi wathola umkhawulo omusha, uMargarita de La SaberIer, ososayensi bakhe baqoqelwa ososayensi abavelele, izimbongi, izazi zefilosofi, abaculi kanye nabanye abantu besayensi nezobuciko.
Ngo-1673-1682, uLafontane wanyathelisa imisebenzi eminingi: izinkondlo zeqoqo lenkolo elishicilelwe ePort Royal, ama-Epitaph Molver, izindaba ezintsha ezifunwa kakhulu, izincwadi ezintsha kakhulu ze-bassen neminye imisebenzi. Ngo-1674, umlobi wazama yena ohlontshini lwe-opera, kodwa akazange aqede lokhu kuhlolwa okubhaliwe.
Ngo-1682, wabhala "inkondlo enomuthi ocwebezelayo" othandweni lwesayensi lwezesayensi lokukhangisa izidakamizwa. Ngo-1684, uLazontaine waqokwa yilungu leFrance Academy, isikhungo sobukhosi sasebukhosini. Ngaphambi kwalapho, umbhali akazange athathe izikhathi eziningana ngenxa yeLouis XIV, ngakhumbula ukubamba iqhaza kukaJean esimweni seFuchus.
Imbongi ikhiphe uchungechunge lweBass, eshicilelwe phakathi kuka-1689 no-1692, iqoqwe encwadini enikezelwe ku-Duke of the Burgundy, indodana endala yeDoughned. Ngawo-1680s, ngokuzibandakanya komlingisi kaCharles Shevia de Shanmele, uLafontaine wabhala "i-ragotn" yamahlaya, "Florentian" kanye ne- "Magic Cup".
Ngemuva kokufa kukaNks. De La Sabirel ngo-1693, umcabango kaLafonten waphendukela esontweni. Wenqabile izinganekwane futhi wathembisa ukuthi uzonikela ngezinsuku zokudalwa kwezemisebenzi yePook. Iqoqo lokugcina leBasen lavela ngo-1694.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1647, ubaba kaLafontna wenza umshado kaJean noMarie Erikar, indodakazi kaLouis Erikara, uLieutenant Baivika, no-Agnes Petit kusuka kwaHertebis. Inkontileka yomshado esayiniwe endaweni engaphansi kwe-chateau-thierry ngoNovemba 10, 1647 emshadweni we-thierry francois. Imbongi yayineminyaka engama-26, umkakhe - 14 nohhafu. Njengomakoti onamandla aletha umlingani eyi-20 microser. Ngo-1652, uMarie wabeletha indodana kaCharles, kwakungekho zingane ezivela kwaLabenaine.
Oshade naye oshade naye imbongi wayemuhle futhi ekhaliphile, kepha omncane akazange ahlangana. Izitha zikaLafantaine zichithe inhlebo ngempilo yomuntu kaMarie, enecala kuphela ukuthi wayenguMfazi wendlu onganakwa kanye nomfundi ovumayo.
UJean wayehlala engekho ekhaya, enokubukeka okukhangayo, okungahlulelwa ngumfanekiso wembongi, akagcinanga ukuthembeka kumkakhe. Kancane kancane, uLafentena waqala ukuphishekela ubunzima bezezimali.
Ngo-1658, abashadikazi bahlukanisa impahla futhi bengasayekanga ukuhlala ndawonye ngaphandle kwamahlazo. UMarie wasala e-Chateau-Thierry, lapho kwamnakekela khona umqhele futhi ufundile. Imbongi yaya enhlokodolobha yaseFrance.
Mayelana nesikhathi sempilo yePharis nokuvuselelwa kwe-lafentaine kulandisa ifilimu "inselelo inselelo" umqondisi "Umqondisi uDaniel uViny, owafika ezikrinini ngo-2007.
ULavonten wayengumngane onesikhulu esinenkomthoba, i-fuchet ye-ratancy, iMadame de Lafayette. Kunenguqulo akwesekele ubudlelwano ne-moliere, boual kanye ne-racin, kepha akuqinisekiswanga amaqiniso.
Ukushona
Ngokuqala kwalesi sifo ngo-1692 imbongi yaphendukela ezincwadini ezisebhayibhelini, yalahla imisebenzi emnandi kakhulu, ihlelwe ngendlela ephakeme. UJean Lafenten ushone ngo-Ephreli 13, 1695 eParis. Imbangela yabacwaningi bokufa babheka isifo sofuba. Ukungcwatshwa kwakhe emathuneni abangcwele abangenacala eParis, hhayi ukusinda kuze kube manje.
Ngesikhathi sokudilizwa kwemingcwabo ngesikhathi sombuso waseFrance, izinsalela zembongi zihlehliselwe umnyuziyamu wezikhumbuzo zamaFrance, bese emathuneni asemkhawulweni wakwa-lashez. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uLafontin ngokwakhe wabhala i-Epitaph yakhe, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Epitaphy Sludge":
U-Ivan wafa, azelwe, -Kungekho lutho; Wayezijabulisa empilweni yakhe
Futhi isikhathi yindlela yokuhlanganyela:
Phakathi nosuku lonke - ngaphuza, futhi ngalala ebusuku.
Amacaphuna
Akukho lutho oluyingozi ukwedlula umngani ongazi - ngingahle ngithande isitha esihlakaniphile. Angithengisi (hhayi i-Delhi) Isikhumba asikezwanga ibhere. Futhi sihlangane nathi endleleni esikhethe ukuyigwema . Njengezimpahla eziphakeme kakhulu, ziholela kokuhle. Zisebenzise kuphela kanye nokuzilibazisa kwakho nomsebenzi wakho.Imisebenzi ne-basni
- "Thanda i-psyche ne-Cupid"
- "Inkondlo Ngomuthi Oyisici"
- "Indebe Yomlingo"
- "Wolf newundlu"
- "Amagundane amabili, iqanda nempungushe"
- "Swan bese upheka"
- "Fox noHeron"
- "Monkey nengwe"
- "I-Raven ne-Fox"
- "IsiKorea kanye Nama-Nightingale"
- "Gout and Spider"
- "Inja enesidlo sakusihlwa senkosi"
- "Fortune and Boy"
- "Unogwaja, i-caress kanye ikati"