I-Biograge
Umlobi we-William Tekckery waziwa ngokwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokubonga inoveli yesiSathane ethi "I-Vanity Fair", kodwa kwi-bibliography yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu, kusuka "ezincwadini ze-snobs" kuya kwinganekwane "rose nendandatho". Eminyakeni engu-52 yokuphila, umNgisi wadala amanoveli amaningi nabaholi, umphakathi ofakayo namandla, futhi wakhumbula umhlaba njengomculi wegama elithi "onobuhlakani".Ubuntwana nentsha
UWilliam MakePis TekCket wazalwa ngoJulayi 18, 1811 eCalcutta, e-India yaseBrithani. Umfana ukuphela kwengane emndenini weRichmond Tehkeea no-Ann Becher, ababentula uthando lwabazali. Ubaba washona ngo-1815 evela emkhuhlane, kwathi ngemuva konina umama wathumela indodana yakhe eNgilandi. Ingane yasinda ngobuhlungu ngokwahlukana: ukwahlulela ngomfanekiso kaWilliam no-Ann, kwabhalwa nguGeorge Chinnery ngo-1813, kwakukhona ubudlelwane bomndeni obusondelene nabo.
Ngo-1817, lona wesifazane washada nothando lokuqala uHenry Karmaikla-Smith. Eminyakeni engu-3 kamuva, lo mbhangqwana wathuthela eNgilandi. INdodana yabona ubuso bayo bomdabu ngemuva kokuhlukana isikhathi eside, kepha hhayi isikhathi eside: wathunyelwa eCharterhouse yesikole evaliwe eLondon. Lapha umfana waba abangane noJohn Lial, uCartoonist wekusasa.
Ngonyaka odlule wokufunda, uWilliam wagula, futhi ukufika kukaZiqu-zintathu eCambridge Cambridge bekufanele kuhlehliswe kuze kube nguFebhuwari 1829. Le nsizwa yayingenasifiso sesayensi enembile, yashicilela izindatshana zesibindi eMnyangweni wamamagazini "eSnob" kanye "ne-Gownman". Ngakho-ke ngehlulekile ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, uTekkrey washiywa eCambridge ngangokunye nama-separisth, edlulile eParis naseWeimar, lapho ayemaziyo noJohann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Ku-21, insizwa ethile yathola ifa kuyise. Ingxenye yemali uWilliam alahlekelwe yikhadi, enye itshale imali kumaphephandaba angenanzuzo "I-National Standard" kanye "nomthethosisekelo", obekuhlelelwe ukushicilelwa. Ukuwa kwamabhange amabili amaNdiya, lapho izinsalela zefa ziqamba amafa, zaphenduka i-teckhee yabampofu. OwesiNgisi wathola isinkwa ngamakhathuni apenda, okwathi kamuva wahlobisa amakhasi emibhalo yakhe, ngasikhathi sinye anyatheliswa kumagazini "UFraser's Magazine". Kulolu hlobo, umsebenzi wokuqala obalulekile wombhali "uKaterina" washicilelwa.
Izincwadi
Ukwakha i- "Katerina", i-TEKCKELEEE yaphoqa i-biography kaJack Sheppard, isela le-English kanye ne-Defractor yekhulu lokuqala le-XVIII, elibhalwe nguWilliam Harrison Einsonworth. Udokotela onothando wayenencazelo ecishe ethambile yesigebengu esiyingozi, kanti uTekkrey wanquma ukuveza umhlaba wobugebengu njengoba nje - kubi.
Umlingisi ophambili wendaba kwakunguKaterina Haze, Owesifazane Ongagcina English, washisa uphila ngomlilo. Isizathu sokujeziswa okunzima kangaka kwakuwukubulawa komyeni wakhe. Naphezu kwenhloso yombhali, ukuthola izigebengu, uKaterina ubangela ububele njengamadodana akhe amabili, izabelo zokubulala.
Umsebenzi ophumelelayo awuzange uthande uMgcinimafa, ngakho-ke empilweni yakhe "Katerina" wabona ukukhanya kanye: kusukela ngoMeyi 1839 kuya kuFebhuwari 1840, le ndaba yanyatheliswa ekhasini "ama-Esquir, Jr.
Ngo-1844, ebhukwini elifanayo, inoveli yesibili "Umsebenzi uBarry Lyndon" waphuma kamuva, uBarry Lyndon, ama-Esquins, abhalwe nguYe ". Maphakathi nalandise - isikhulu - okuyinkohliso evela e-Ireland, ozama ukuceba nokungena emphakathini wama-aristocrats english.
Ngo-1975, inoveli yayivikelwe uStanley Kubrik. UBarry Lyndon waba ngenye yamafilimu amahle kakhulu omqondisi: wanikezwa imiklomelo emine yemiklomelo.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1840s, igama likaWilliam Tekkesey laxoxwa ngawo ngenxa yamanothi amafushane abukhali angama-53, okuthi ngonyaka we-1848 aqhamuka ngefomethi iqoqo futhi athola igama elithi "Snob Book". Kepha udumo lomhlaba embhalweni umlobi waletha inoveli ethi "Face of Ize". Ngokwekhothelwa kweBritish uqobo, lo msebenzi wanyukela "esiqongweni sesihlahla sokudala".
Imicimbi yenoveli yenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sezimpi zeNapoleonic. Naphezu kokusongelwa kokubhujiswa kohlelo olujwayelekile loMbuso, amaqhawe omsebenzi abhekana nokuphila kwawo kuphela futhi okuhle: amazinga, izihloko, inhlala-kahle yezinto ezibonakalayo.
I-Tekkerei ibize "i-vanity fair" eyakhelwa ngaphandle kweqhawe ", kodwa abafundi bempesheni barkton, u-Emilia Sadli noRebecca Sharle basenkabeni yokulandisa. Intombazane yokuqala evela emndenini ovikelekile, ama-chista mistes kanye ne-Milovoid, kepha ayikaze inikezwe ingqondo ekhethekile, futhi intombi yakhe ifana nomculi nomdansi olungiselelwe ukuqhubeka namakhanda ngenxa yendawo phansi kweLanga.
Ekuhambeni komsebenzi, umlobi kungathi uqhathanisa amaqhawe amabili: ophila kangcono, onemali eningi - futhi ujabule. Ukufezekiswa ngakunye kwamantombazane kuwumshado ophumelelayo, ifa elikhulu, ukuzalwa kwengane - izihlahla zahlekwa ngokuqinile. Imelela umphakathi njenge-fair lapho konke kuthengwa khona futhi kuthengiswa: amanani, uthando, inhlonipho.
Ngemuva kokubuya kwenoveli, umlobi wasolwa ngopende omnyama ngokungadingekile emfanekisweni wenkampani emibala emnyama ngokweqile, uTekkrech waphendula ngokuthi ubona abantu "abayiziphukuphuka." Kodwa-ke, ama-aristocrat kanye nabanini bomhlaba, izikhulu kanye nama-diplomats, umNgisi ongezange aphishekele izinhloso zabo ukuze ahlaze. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngangifuna ukuphoqa umphakathi ukuthi wembule amehlo ngokungazi nokuzikhukhumeza.
"I-Vanity Fair" ngumsebenzi othandwa kakhulu weTekkesea. Okwamanje, izivikelo ezingaphezu kuka-20 ziyasuswa: amafilimu ayisimungulu kanye nama-anomudu, iziteshi zomsakazo, uchungechunge lwethelevishini. Isenzo se-Voveral "esisha kakhulu sokwenziwa yi-sering serial sika-2018 no-Olivia Cook noClaudia Jesse ezindimeni eziholayo.
Esethole umlobi unqoba, umbhali we-English akazange abhale. Ngo-1850, ukukhanya kwabona inoveli ethi "penenninis" (elinye igama "umlando wePenennis, impumelelo yakhe nokumnika, abangane bakhe kanye nesitha sakhe esibi kakhulu"). Umlingiswa ophambili ngu-Arthur Penadnance, umfana oqinile oya eLondon ukuthola indawo empilweni nasemphakathini. Abagxeki bemibhalo baphawula ukuthi izinhlamvu ezivela kule noveli zithole njengezinhlamvu zamaqhawe e- "Vanity Fair Fair".
Eminyakeni engu-2 kamuva, uTekkerei wakhipha "udaba lukaHenry Esmond" - Inoveli umlobi abhekwa njengabo bonke kwi-bibliography. Noma kunjalo, umlobi wamaNgisi uGeorge Eliliyo u-Elioli wabiza umsebenzi ngokuthi "incwadi engathandeki kakhulu, ongayicabanga." Ukubuyekezwa okunjalo kwabaphila ngesikhathi sikaTekkemey DALAE ngoba, kuyo yonke inoveli, uHenry Esmond ufuna indawo yentombazane encane, futhi le ndaba iya ngokuya ishada kunina. Ngo-1859, le ndaba yaqhubeka nenoveli ethi "IVirginia".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
NgoJulayi 20, 1836, uWilliam Tekcreach wangena kumkakhe u-Isabella GetIn Show. Izingane ezintathu zazalelwa emndenini: U-Ann Isabella (1837-1919), uJane (1839, ushonile eneminyaka eyi-8) noHarreieta Marien (1840-1875).
Ukuzalwa kwendodakazi yesithathu uHarriet kwaphenduka isenzakalo esibuhlungu empilweni yomlobi: Ukudangala kwangemva kwangemuva kwaqala emshadeni. NgoSepthemba 1840, tekkerei, efuna ukusiza u-Isabelle ukunqoba isikhathi esinzima, wahamba naye e-Ireland. Ngesikhathi sokuwela, lona wesifazane wagxuma efasiteleni waya olwandle oluvulekile, kodwa wasindiswa.
NgoNovemba 1840, isimo sengqondo somfazi wombhali sawohloka, sasinakekela kahle. Eminyakeni engu-5 ezayo, lona wesifazane wachitha emitholampilo yezengqondo yaseParis, khona-ke abahlengikazi babonwa ngemuva kwakhe. Akaze alaphe, kepha wasinda lapho umyeni wakhe iminyaka engama-30, efa ngo-1894.
Noma ngabe u-Isabella Nastiga Nastiga, Tekkerei wahlala ethembekile kulabo oshade naye ngomqondo ongokomthetho, kepha wayenenoveli nomlobi waseBrithani waseBrithani uJane Brookfield kanye nabanye be-sally baxter.
Indodakazi edumile kaWilliam ngu-Ann Isabella - ummeleli okhanyayo wezincwadi zaseVictoria sekwephuzile. Futhi ingane encane yombhali, uHarriet, washada nomsakazi wesazi-mlando wesiNgisi uSirlie Stephen. Lo mbhangqwana waba nendodakazi kaLaura, owazuza ifa lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kugogo u-Isabella Getyn Show.
Ukushona
Impilo kaWilliam Techkea yaqala ukuwohloka ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1850s, wahlukunyezwa ngokungapheli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali waba nomuzwa wokuthi ulahlekelwe ugqozi. Ngenxa yalokhu, waqala ukuhlukumeza ukudla neziphuzo, welapha i-ensineration enkulu kunazo zonke. " Ukutholwa okuthandayo kweBritish kwakungupelepele obomvu, ukusetshenziswa okuvame ukwehla kohlelo lokugaya ukudla.
NgoDisemba 23, 1863, ubuyela ekhaya ngemuva kokudla kwakusihlwa, umlobi wahlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Ngakusasa ekuseni, ngo-December 24, kwatholakala uTeckeea efile.
Ukufa komuntu wesiNgisi, 52, kwamangala. Umngcwabo eKensington Gardens uhambele abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-7. Umzimba womlobi uphumule emathuneni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi eWestminster Abbey, ukugcwala kweSikhumbuzo kweTekkesey, okunamaphiko nge-sculptor carlo morloetty, kwafakwa.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1839-1840 - "Katerina"
- Ngo-1844 - "Amanothi uBarry Lyndon, uyazibhalwa, wabhalwa nguYe"
- Ngo-1848 - "Boob Book"
- Ngo-1848 - "I-Vanity Fair"
- Ngo-1848-1850 - "I-Penden"
- Ngo-1852 - ""
- Ngo-1852 - Umlando uHenry Esmond "
- Ngo-1855 - "rose nendandatho"
- 1857-1859 - "I-Virginians"