I-Biograge
Amadokhumenti aceliwe, izinkumbulo zabantu besikhathi sabantu bangomlando kuze kube namuhla benezela ku-biography yomunye womuntu ohlaselayo kakhulu weReich Reich yesithathu - uRudolph Hess, onobhala wokuqala u-Adolf Hitler, e-Anti-Semis. Semit kanye namaNazi. Inqubo yoMsolwa uNuremberg, umbhali wenkumbulo kaFuhrer "umzabalazo wami" ("Mein Kampf") ukuze indoda ende azibonakalise njengecala lokuzithandela, elenzelwa ubugebengu obubhekene nobuntu nokuthula.Ubuntwana nentsha
URudolf Walter Richard hes wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 26, 1894 emadolobheni aphansi e-Alexandria, eGibhithe. Umfana waba amazibulo emndenini wakwaHolin Fritz Hess kanye ne-Textile Krara Münh ndodakazi, khona-ke izingane ezimbili zazalwa: U-Alfred (1897) noMargarita (1908).
Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala, impilo kaRudolph yashiswa ngokwenqatshelwe: wakhulela emphakathini waseJalimane, ubaba odelelekile wawenqabela umfana ukuxhumana nabaseBrithani nabaseGibhithe, futhi isiyalo sasekhaya sagcinwa ekhaya. Okokuqala, uHess wafunda esikoleni samaProthestani sendawo, kepha kuvimbela oxhumana nabo nezingane zomunye ubuzwe behlulekile, ngakho-ke fritz wahumushela indodana ukuba ifundele ekhaya.
Lapho uRudolf eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, lo mndeni wathuthela eJalimane, futhi umfana wangena eMoscow House Boarding School eBar-Godeesberg, lapho, khona, ontanga, ontanga ". Kepha, seluhlelile, loloy waqala ukuthuthuka, esephumile enanini labafundi abahle kakhulu.
UFritz, othumele indawo enkulu yokungenisa indlu yasekhaya okuthembela ekhaya, kanti uCo, wayefuna ukudlulisa le ndodana eNdodaneni. Umfana wathunyelwa esikoleni esiphakeme kunazo zonke eSwitzerland. URudolph akazange abhikishele isifiso sikababa sokumenza abe ngumthengisi, nokho, lapho kufika iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, insizwa engenamqondo yaya ngaphambili.
Ummese oshisayo wazibonakalise ebusheni bakhe: UHess wayengafanele ukushesha empini. Wazibonakalisa njengomuntu onobuhlakani kanye ne-infantryryman, ngo-December 1918 waphola umshayeli we-air force, esewine umklomelo wezempi - isiphambano sensimbi esigabeni sesibili.
Le mpi yakhipha inhlala-kahle ebonakalayo yomndeni kaHess. Ibhizinisi, eligcinwe ngokucophelela ngokucophelela yiFritz, lithathwe, futhi akakwazanga ukusekela izingane. I-War Veterans yacela ukuthola imfundo mahhala, futhi iRudolph eneminyaka engu-25 ubudala yangena e-University of Munich e-Economist, lapho ahlangana khona nomngane wekusasa nguHerman Gering.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
Ngo-1919, uHess wayesemhlanganweni wenkampani iTula, lapho kwaxoxwa khona nokuphakama komjaho ka-Aryan. Imibono yezwe kanye ne-anti-Semitic, ebizwakala ezindongeni zomphakathi, inqume iveni yesikhathi esizayo senhloko yeJalimane likaHitler. Futhi kanye nomholi walombuso, uRudolf wahlangana ngoMeyi 19, 1920 emhlanganweni weNational Socialist German Workers Worker Warty (NSDAP).
Ngokwezinkumbulo zikankosikazi kaHess, u-Ilzy Preel, ngemuva komhlangano omubi, le nsizwa yathi:
"Uma omunye umuntu ezosikhulula eVersailles, khona-ke kuzoba yile ndoda."UHitler noGess bathola ulimi olujwayelekile: bobabili badelela umphakathi osongelwe impi yezwe yokuqala, bobabili babezonda uhlelo lapho i-Weimar Republic iphila khona. Amadoda ahlangana ngokushesha, noRudolph futhi akazange asuke nako konke kusukela ngekusasa loMdali weReich Reich. Kamuva, ngoNovemba 1923, waqondiswa yimizwa ephakeme kakhulu ngokumelene no-Adolf, uGesss wazama ukubamba amandla. Ukuhlinzwa kwabizwa ngokuthi "ukudonsa ubhiya". Ngenxa yalokho, bobabili babesejele leZamhlaba. Kwakunencwadi ethi "Umzabalazo Wami" ("Mein Kampf").
Izimo zokuboshwa ejele azikwazanga ukubizwa ngokuthi zinokhahlo: Ababoshwa bavunyelwe ukuthola izivakashi, ukudlala amakhadi, ukubhema, bakhule imifino. Kepha abaholi besikhathi esizayo beJalimane lamaNazi bachithwe iningi lesikhathi sezinxotshelo engadini. Lapha, uthando lukaHess ku-Adolf lwaqiniswa. Wabiza izingxoxo nesithixo, kamuva la marekhodi angena "umzabalazo wami." Futhi yize igama likaRudolf alicaciswanga kubabhali abasebenza nabo, wahlela umbhalo, imicabango edidekile edidekile, isitayela esibunjiwe.
NgoJanuwari 1925, amaJalimane ayekhululekile, futhi uHess ngemuva kokuba izicelo eziphindaphindwayo zikaHitler zingene kuye unobhala. URudolph waphenduka ebaluleke kakhulu: ehambisana ne-fuhrera ohambweni, ethosiwe ngaphambi kokwenza izinto, kwakuwukunakekela indlela yokudla nemodi yokulala. Ukufika emhlanganweni kuHitler akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuvumelana nomsizi othembekile. Cishe ngenxa ye-hess ngo-1933, iFührer yabusa.
Ungumnikazi wengxenye yelungu le-NSDAP, uHess wayengakaze aqale okuthunyelwe okubalulekile esigabeni sezepolitiki. Ukusungulwa koxhumana nabo bebhizinisi, ukwakheka kwezincwajana ze-Propaganda kanye nokwakhiwa kobuntu bukaHitler - le misebenzi uRudolph yenziwa ngokuzithandela. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokusungula umbuso wezwe lonke eJalimane, indoda exhunywe ezindabeni zamaqembu - u-Adolf wammisela ngephini lakhe lokuqala. Ngo-1939, uHerman Gering wathatha le ndawo.
Okokuqala, Jess, ukuba ngumuntu okuqondiswe kuyo, kwathatha imfundo yezindawo zokubala ezineqembu: izimoto ezigxekile ezishiywe ezindaweni zokudlela ezibizayo nezinombolo zombuso wenkonzo, zizwakalise ukuphelela kwamalungu e-NSDAP, ukubhema notshwala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokugcwaliswa kukaRudolf, bayenqatshelwe ukuba 'nokwazi ukuya ocansini' namaJuda, bahlele ukulimala kuzo. Umphumela wale miyalo elwa namaSemite kwakukhona imithetho kaNuremberg yobuhlanga ka-1935 - "Umthetho kwisakhamuzi saseReich" kanye "nomthetho wokuvikelwa kwegazi laseJalimane kanye nodumo lwaseJalimane". Ngaphansi kwedokhumenti yokugcina kuyisiginesha ye-hess.
Imibono kaHitler mayelana nokunqotshwa kwalezi zindawo yazesaba ngokuphelele usuku, futhi amaNazi aqala amalungiselelo empi yezwe yesibili. I-Führer yabona umlingani othembekile e-UK, futhi ngenxa yalokho ihlongozelwe ukuphetha isivumelwano: IJalimane kufanele ithathe indawo yamandla aseYurophu avelele, futhi uMbuso e-United ubuyisa amakoloni aseJalimane. Lesi sinqumo asithathwanga, bese ungqongqoshe wakhulelwa 'ukuthunywa komhlaba'. Kepha kulokhu bekudingekile ukuwela ekuvinjelweni kukaHitler kungashiyi izwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezalo.
NgoMeyi 10, 1941, uHess wandiza ngasese eScotland. Ngabasizi, wanikeza incwadi eya kuHitler, eqala ngala mazwi:
"I-Führer yami, uma uyithola le ncwadi, ngiseNgilandi."Indiza ibingaphumeleli, ukuqapha kwadingeka, lapho iJalimane elahlekile, futhi yavuka izungezwe amasosha.
Lapho uHitler ethola amanothi alinganiselwa, wafutheka - Isenzo sikaHess sasingafakwa ngaphansi kokwethuka okusungulwe ngama-Allies of Commutom. Unobhala wangaphambili weFuhrer kwathiwa uyahlanya, okusolwa ukuthi wabalekela ezweni futhi washayeka lapho endiza. Igama likaRudolf, isithombe sakhe, izithombe, ama-bonds "asulwe" "nabantu" baseJalimane, futhi iziJalimane uqobo zazibiza umsulwa.
Umgomo wezwe likaHess kwakufanele akholise iWinston Churchill ukuthi asayine isivumelwano neJalimane, kodwa ngoJulayi 1941 i-USSR yaphetha isivumelwano ngezenzo ezihlanganyelwe empini. Ukuzidela akusizi ngalutho.
Isiphetho Necala
Kwangathi ngoMeyi 11, 1941 uRudolf uboshiwe. Iziphathimandla zaseBrithani zaphenya ngemibuzo iminyaka emi-4, ngalesi sikhathi abathunjiwe bazame kathathu ukuba bazibulale futhi bawela ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo. Ngaleso sikhathi lapho ehanjiswa eJalimane ukuletha enkantolo yamasosha aphesheya kohlaka lwenqubo yeNuremberg, uHess wayesesifundazweni sase-Amnesia. Noma kunjalo, wake waqulwa ngengxenye yezigebengu ezinkulu ezingama-23. Imininingwane yenqubo ehlahlayo iboniswa inqwaba yemibhalo.
Ngo-Okthoba 1, 1946, iNkantolo yabona ukuthi ama-hess amacala abhekene nokuthula nobuntu, ubugebengu bempi, ngezinhlelo zeqembu lamaNazi, kubandakanya nolaka ngokumelene nomhlaba wonke. Ugwetshwe udilikajele, yize ukumangalelwa kudinga isigwebo sentambo.
Ngemuva konyaka, ngoJulayi 1947, abagwetshwa abayisikhombisa, kuhlanganise noHess, balethelwa ejele eShpandau. Ngo-1966, isiJalimane esineminyaka engama-72 saqhubeka nokuphela kokuphila kwalezi ziboshwa eziyisikhombisa. Emdala, uRudolph akazange alahlekelwe ubuciko bezongxoxisana. Ukwazile ukuqasha umsebenzi, waze wabhala izikhumbuzo zakhe. Lapho befunda ngalokhu, umlobi we-Hess waxoshwa, futhi wadluliselwa egumbini ngaphandle kwezinsiza.
Kusukela ngo-1960s, umhlaba waqala ukufumana ukukhululwa kwakuqala kwecala elikhulu ngokumelene nesintu. Umndeni kaRudolph, abameli bakhe bafuna iqiniso lokuthi umhlatshelo waseJalimane weVesti, equkethwe ezimeni zejele, futhi wambulala kabi kunalabo abagwetshwe isigwebo sentuthuko yenqubo yaseNurember. Umcabango wokukhululwa awunqantshi kuphela i-Tribunal, kodwa uzenza ngakhe:
"Udumo lwami ngami lungaphezu kwenkululeko yami."Kuze kube yizinsuku zamuva nje, akazange amukele umuzwa wecala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-December 1927, ngemuva kobudlelwano obuneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, uRudolph Hess wathatha i-Ilves prel. AmaJalimane anomuzwa wethenda, ahlanganiswe izinkondlo zakhe. Kodwa-ke, ngokuxhumana nomngane u-Ilza wabhala:
"Ngokuqondene nemisebenzi eshadile, kwesinye isikhathi ngizwa umfundi wesikole se-monastic."
Ukuphela kwendodana, uWolf Ryuduger Hess, wazalwa eneminyaka eyi-10, ngoNovemba 18, 1937. Unkulunkulu wakhe waba ngumholi we-reich yesithathu.
U-ILSA kwakuwukuphela komuntu wesifazane kaHess, kodwa ososayensi bemvelo basola indoda ekuzijabuliseni kwezocansi okungeyona kwendabuko. Abangani bakaHitler balwa nobudlelwano obuseduze kwamaJalimane amabili, wanika isidlaliso sikaRudolph "iFrelein Gess" ngenxa yothando lwakhe. Kepha lapho uHess eshada, amahlaya ngempilo yakhe uqobo ayeka.
Ukushona
Ngo-Agasti 17, 1987, kwaphetha oneminyaka engu-93 ubudala waphetha ngokuzibulala, ukuzijabulisa esitokisini sejele. Iqiniso elisobala liqinisekise idatha ye-autopsy.
Ngaphambi kuka-2011, isidumbu sikaHess sasiphumule emathuneni ama-Lutheran edolobheni laseJalimane lase-Agadidel. Lapho-ke ukuqashwa kwesakhiwo sezwe kwabe sekuphelelwa yisikhathi, futhi kwashiswa ngoJulayi 20, futhi uRudolph Ges ka-Ashee waxoshwa phezu kolwandle.