I-Biograge
UMikhail Lazarev uyi-navigator edumile yaseRussia, enye yamapuleti ama-2 e-Antarctica, usosayensi nomkhuzi wezinyoni ezimnyama zolwandle.
UMikhail Petrovich Lazarev wazalwa ngo-3 (ngokwesitayela esidala) sikaNovemba 1788 eVladimir emndenini omuhle. Ubaba we-Admiral yesikhathi esizayo, uPeter Gavrilovich, washona lapho uMichael esemusha. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kwalokho, indoda yakwazi ukuthumela umgibeli wesikhathi esizayo kanye nabangu-2 kwabafowethu abafundi abase-Sea Cadet Corps. Ngokwamanye ulwazi, abafana bakhonjwe ngemuva kokushona kukaYise ngosizo lokuhlaselwa jikelele kukaChristopher Livara.
Esikoleni, uMikhail, owayenengqondo ebukhali, wakhombisa intshiseko futhi ekugcineni waba ngomunye wabafundi abaphezulu abangu-30. Ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, le nsizwa yathola isimo seGardeMem, le nsizwa yathunyelwa eNgilandi - ukujwayelana nedivaysi yemikhumbi yaseBrithani. Lapho, uMikhail wakhonza kuze kube ngu-1808, echitha sonke lesi sikhathi emikhunjini, kude noSushi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-navigator yathuthukiswa ekuzifuyisheni, inikela isikhathi eside ukuyotadisha umlando kanye ne-ethnography.
I-Fleet and Expedition
Ngemuva kokubuyela ezweni laseMotherland, uLazarev wakhiqiza eMichmans, kwathi kwaze kwaba ngu-1813, owesilisa wakhonza emikhunjini yeBaltic. Kulesi sikhundla, uMikhail wabamba iqhaza eMpini Yempi yaseRussia nasempini yokulwa neNapoleon.
Ngo-1813 waba yisigaba esisha se-Bikwane Biography kaMikhail: Le ndoda yaqokwa i-Commander yeSuvorov - umfutho okhonza ohambweni lomhlaba. Izimali zenziwa ngemali yenkampani yaseRussia-America, eyayifuna ukuthuthukisa umbiko wamanzi weSt. Petersburg and Russian America. Ngo-Okthoba 9, 1813, kwagcina kulungiswa ekugcineni, kwathi umkhumbi wawungekho ethekwini laseKronstadt.
Uhambo lwahlala iminyaka emi-2. Ekuqaleni ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinzima, umkhumbi waphoqeleka ukuthi uhlale ethekwini laseSweden, kodwa wabe esethola ukufika eLa Mansha. Kwakuyimpumelelo futhi ngoba bekunezinhlobo eziningi zempi yaseFrance neDenmark, ezingahlasela umkhumbi waseRussia.
EBritish Portsmouth Lazarev kwadingeka ukuthi ihlale izinyanga ezi-3, ngakho-ke umkhumbi umkhumbi wawela ngo-Ephreli kuphela, naseLwandle lwase-Atlantic, entwasahlobo ye-1814. Ngo-Agasti, esondela e-Australia, iTherew yezwa ukubhonga kweCannonia - umbusi wasekoloni. ENew South Wales ngaleso sikhathi wabona injabulo yakhe ekunqobeni amabutho eNapoleonic.
Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ukulandela indlela ebekwe olwandle lwePacific, isihambi sabona kungazelelwe uSushi, okuyinto, ukwahlulela imephu, akufanele kube. Kwavela ukuthi uMikhail Petrovich uthole i-atoll entsha, ebizwa ngokuthi ngumkhumbi, njengomkhumbi, ukuhlonipha uSuvorov. NgoNovemba, uhambo lufinyelele osebeni lwaseNyakatho Melika futhi bafika eNovo-Arkhangelsk (namuhla idolobha libizwa ngokuthi iSitka), lapho abatholi basolwandle bathola ukubonga iqiniso lokuthi izimpahla zisindiswe. Ngemuva kobusika edolobheni le- "Suvorov" kwaphuma futhi olwandle futhi ehlobo lika-1815 labuyela eRussia.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, uMikhail Petrovich waqokwa isango le- "Mirny" - elinye lemikhumbi emibili ehlela ukufika e-Antarctica. Kusukela ukufuna umkhuzi wesikejana sesibili, i- "East", ehuduliwe, ukuphatha konke ukulungiswa kukaLazarovev. Ekugcineni, ngoJuni 1819, e-East yaholwa nguFaddia Bellinshausen, kwathi ngemuva kwenyanga ethekwini yasuka yangena lapho kubhukuda, okwakukhona kuphela ubufakazi be-navigators.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yomkhankaso onzima wasolwandle, iqembu lemikhumbi yomibili labuya eKronstadt. Umphumela wokuphuma kwaba ukuphikisana nokugomela kukaJean uLaperOse mayelana nokuvinjwa kweqhwa e-Southern Polar Circle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLazarev noBellinghausen baqoqa izinto ezibalulekile eziphilayo, ezingokwendawo kanye nezingosi ze-ethnographic, futhi bavula neziqhingi ezingama-29.
Ngokwemiphumela yokuphuma kohambo, uMikhail Lazarev ukhiqizwa ngesikhundla seChin Captain II. Iqiniso elithandekayo: Lokhu bekungukusandulela isikhundla sikaCaptain-Lieutenant, kepha ubuhle be-navigator babona ukuthi ungayinaki imithetho.
Ngenkathi umgibeli wahamba phezu kwamanzi e-Antarctic, isimo eRussia Melika sasiyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yomsebenzi owengeziwe wabashushumbisi. Ukuphela komkhumbi wezempi ongakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamanzi wezwe. Iziphathimandla zanquma ukuthumela i- "Cruiser" Frigate, zihlome ngezibhamu ezingama-36, kanye nesango leLaLog. UMikhail uqokwe "ku-Cruiser" kulokhu kubhukuda ahlangana nomfowabo ka-Andrei - owayephathiswe ukuphatha "iLadoga".
Isivuno semikhumbi senzeka ngo-Agasti 17, 1822, okokuqala babhekana nobunzima ngenxa yezivunguvungu eziqinile. Ukuphuma emibhalweni ebolekwe eRussia Portsmouth Ships yavela kuphela maphakathi nekwindla. Izivunguvungu ezilandelayo zilindele i-cruiser ngemuva kokuthola iRio de Janeiro. Nge- "Ladoga", indlela evela kuyo eyahlukaniswa ngemuva kwesivunguvungu, uLazarev wahlangana neTahiti kuphela.
Ugu lonke oluseNyakatho Melika liye lafika ku-1824, labe selibuyela ekhaya. Futhi, masinyane nje ngemuva kokungena olwandle oluvulekile emikhunjini lwawa nesivunguvungu. Kepha uLazarev wanquma ukungabazi isimo sezulu esibi eSan Francisco futhi, wanqoba ngempumelelo isivunguvungu, ngo-Agasti 1825 wafika eKronstadt.
Ukuze kwenziwe i-oda, uMikhail Petrovich okhiqizwe ezinduneni ze-I-TH RAND. Kodwa-ke, i-navigator ayiphumelelanga kulokhu: uLazarev wafuna imiklomelo yalo lonke iqembu le-Cruiser, kufaka phakathi amatilosi. NgoFebhuwari 27, 1826, kwathunyelwa owesilisa ukuba azoyala iqembu labasebenzi be-12, kanye nomkhumbi we-Azov osakhiwa e-Arkhangelsk. Lapho umkhumbi uwela emthunzini womkhumbi, ngaphansi kobuholi bakaMikhail Petrovich "Azov", kanye "nokusheshisa" kanye "Smyster" wafika eKronstadt.
Ngo-Okthoba 8, 1827, "i-Azov", eyayiphethe inkambo eLwandle iMedithera, yabamba iqhaza empini yeNavarino - ukulwa okukhulu kakhulu kwasolwandle phakathi kwamabutho aseRussia, eNgilandi neFrance ngokumelene nemikhumbi yaseTurkey-yaseGibhithe. "I-Azov" ngaphansi komyalo kaLazarev yachitha ngempumelelo imikhumbi emi-5 yaseTurkey, kanye nomkhumbi we-Muharrem-bay. Imiklomelo yempumelelo empini uMikhail Petrovich yayiyisihloko se-counter-adriral kanye nama-3 oda - isiGrikhi, isiFulentshi nesiNgisi, futhi umkhumbi uthole ifulegi laseSt. Stgege.
Esikhathini esizayo ngo-1828 kuya ku-1829, uLazarev waphatha umyalo we-blockade Dardanewell, wabe esebuyela emyaleni emikhakheni yeBaltic, kwathi ngo-1832, le ndoda yabekwa eceleni kwendlunkulu yabamnyama yasolwandle. Kuyena, uMikhail Petrovich wenza okuningi - ikakhulukazi, waba ngumsunguli wohlelo olusha lokuqeqeshwa kwamatilosi. Manje amatilosi ayelungiselela olwandle, enza lesi simo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze alwe.
Futhi, umnikelo weLazaruv wawukuhlinzekwa yimikhumbi ngemikhumbi ye-artillery kanye nemikhumbi ephezulu, ukuqala kwemishini yabathumbi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwakhiwa khona i-steamer yokuqala yensimbi yemikhumbi yaseRussia, futhi amakhekhe aqala ukufunda ukuthi angahamba kanjani emikhunjini enjalo.
Ngaphezu kokukhathazeka ngokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yemikhumbi kanye nezinga lenkonzo yabasebenzi, uMikhail Petrovich wahlela kabusha impilo yamatilosi nemindeni yabo ogwini: kwathuthukisa isikole se-Sevastopol, sabanamathisela bonke bakhe amandla okuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-hydrographic bureau. Ngo-1843, uMikhail Petrovich Lazarev ukhiqize ku-Chin Admiral.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1835, umgibeli wanquma ukuletha ukuhleleka empilweni yakhe futhi angene emshadweni osemthethweni.
Unkosikazi wakhe waba faterina fan der, indodakazi yombusi wase-Arkhangelsk, le ntombazane yayineminyaka engama-24 kunomlingani wayo. Emshadweni, kwazalwa izingane ezi-6, ezimbili zazo, uPeter no-Alexander, bafa ebuntwaneni.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kokuphila, uMikhail Petrovich uyagula, kodwa waqhubeka nokusebenza. Lokhu kuphawulwa ngisho nangoNikolai I engcupheni - washo ukuthi uLazarev akazitholeli, futhi wesaba ukuthi kuzolimaza inkambo yalesi sifo.
Ngo-1851, u-Admiral, kanye nonkosikazi wakhe nendodakazi yakhe, bahambile eVienna, bethemba ukuthi odokotela baseYurophu bazokwazi ukusiza ukubhekana nokugula. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza waba nolaka kuphela, futhi uLazarev ekugcineni wancipha, yize azama ukungasebenzi njengokuhlushwa kuletha lesi sifo. Ukubuza uMbusi owamthanda, ukuba anakekele umndeni kwakungakafiki muntu ukuthi acele usizo.
I-Navigator yashona ngo-Ephreli 11, 1851 eVienna, imbangela yokufa yayinomdlavuza wesisu. Isidumbu sikaMikhail Petrovich sayiswa ezweni lakubo, edolobheni laseSevastopol, lapho bangcwaba khona eCrypt of the Vladimir Cathedral.
Izindlela zokufaka itshe lesikhumbuzo ku-Admiral aqoqwe ngosuku lomngcwabo. Ukuvulwa kwesikhumbuzo kwenzeka ngo-1867, kepha lesi sikhumbuzo sasingagciniwe. Namuhla, ama-bount we-navigator ayasungulwa eLazarevsky, eNikolaev, eVevastopol naseNovorossiysk.
Ngaphansi kwempilo kaMikhail Petrovich, imidwebo yakhe yabhala abaculi abaningi, kufaka phakathi i-marinist ekhazimulayo u-Ivan Aivazovsky. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe zeLazarev zingatholakala kwimikhiqizo nasemvilophini yezikhathi ze-USSR.
-Zuzayo
- I-oda leSt. George 4th Degree
- Order of St Vladimir degree
- Order of St Vladimir 3 degree
- Order of St Vladimir 2nd degree
- Ukuhleleka kweSt Andrew Kuqala Ukubizwa
- Order of St Vladimir degree 1st
- Ukuhleleka kokhozi olumhlophe
- Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
- Isiphambano se-Commander soMsindisi
- Order of the Bath
- Order of St Louis