I-Biograge
U-Abel Tasman uyi-unia evelele yasolwandle ye-XVII. Kwakungowokuqala ukufika ogwini lweNew Zealand, futhi wasiza ekufakazeleni ukuthi i-Australia iyizwekazi elizimele.
Naphezu kodumo lokutholwa kwendawo kaTasman, mayelana nokuzalwa kwangaphambili kwamaqiniso owesilisa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umhambi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa ngo-1603 edolobhaneni laseNetherlands laseLutgaret. Ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi igama eligcwele likaTasmana - u-Abela Janzzon, lingaphethwa ngokuthi uBaba wabizwa ngokuthi ama-yans.
Ngokusobala, owesilisa wayenemvelaphi elula. Lokhu kukhonjiswa ngokungaqondile ngokungena kokuqala okubhaliwe ngeTasman, ngo-1632 umlando womshado nentombazane engafundile evela emndenini ompofu.
Ukuhamba nokuphuma
Inkonzo Yezitifiketi ze-ABEL olwandle okokuqala okutholakale ngo-1634 - kukhulunywa ngayo kumadokhumenti e-Dutch East India Inkampani yase-India njenge-Skipper. Eminyakeni elandelayo, amatilosi avakashela isiqhingi saseMalay, lapho i-Hydrograph yenza khona umsebenzi we-hydropograph, futhi isebenza nasendaweni yeziqhingi zaseMolukki. Ngokusobala, owesilisa wasebenza kahle - ngo-1638, uTasman waqokwa "ingelosi" ngomkhumbi kakaputeni, lapho ukuphathwa kophahla kwakuhambelana neNdiya.
Ngo-1639, indoda kanye neMattis Kvasta yahamba yayofuna iziqhingi ezimbili ezikhona eduze kwaseJapan. URico de Oro neRico de Board, atshelwa yiminye imihelo kuphela, bekufanele ngabe yayiningi ngegolide nesiliva. UTasman waphatha i-Chief "Groft". Umgomo wokwehla woMbusi-Jikelele we-Governor-General of the Dutch Ost-India Anton Wang Diememan, usephenduke ukuhweba ngokushintshana nabomdabu.
Ukuxoshwa akuzange kubekiwe: Ukuza ePhilippines, amatilosi akwazi ukucacisa imephu yeziqhingi, kodwa ngokushesha kwadlalwa ubhubhane emikhunjini, futhi izinduna zanquma ukuhambisa inkantolo endlini. Ngesikhathi sokufika, abantu abangu-7 kuphela abasasele eqenjini lonke leTasman. Iziqhingi ezifiselekayo, vele, akekho owatholayo. Noma kunjalo, amathalenta ka-Abela ahlolwe, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-1640s, umbusi uphinde wathumela umatilosi aye emazweni ase-Asia.
Ngo-1642, uTasman wabhekwa njengesinye sezinduna ezihamba phambili zeDashi East India India, yingakho le ndoda ibeke inhloko yohambo lokufunda olwandle oluseningizimu ne-Indian Ocean. Lo msebenzi bekuwukufuna izindlela ezizogwema ukushayisana nemikhumbi yesiPutukezi, ngemuva kwalokho amatilosi kwakumele athuthele empumalanga eyobeka indlela elula yokuya eChile.
Izinkantolo, uhambo oluzinikezele lweTasmann, ngokusho kobufakazi bakhe, esimweni esibi. Imikhumbi yayingu-2 - i-hemsmerk "nevolumu emithathu" Zeehan ". Inani leqembu lalingu-110 abantu. Naphezu kokuswelakala kwezinsizakusebenza zohambo, esevele ekuqaleni kwendlela yasolwandle belinde ukutholwa okungokwendawo: eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMauritius Abel uthole izwe elisha - ingxenye yesiqhingi, kamuva okuzobizwa ngokuthi yiTasmania. Kepha ngaleso sikhathi umcwaningi yi-narer yezwe lawo wang wang dimeme.
Kamuva, amatilosi athola omunye ugu olungaziwa. Eqinisweni, lokhu kwakuyiNealand entsha engaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, kepha uTapman wanamathela ngombono wokuthi lesi kwakuyisimo esivulekile sezifundazwe.
Lapho esebambeke echibini, u-Abela wanikeza iqembu ukuba ligcwalise amasheya amanzi amasha. Ogwini lwamatilosi bebelindele abamele abantu baseMaori, okwakuqala akukhombisanga ulaka. Kodwa-ke, akuzange kubevimbele kusukela ngosuku olulandelayo ukuhlasela ogwini lwama-inomes. Amalungu amathathu abasebenzi abulawa empini, kwakwazi ukuphumula ngokuyisimangaliso. Namuhla, le ndawo ibizwa ngeGolden Bay, kepha uTasman ngokwakhe wambiza ngokuthi "izembozo zababulali."
EChile, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemithombo, u-Abela akazange ahambe, kwathi ngoJuni 1643, imikhumbi yokuphuma yabuyela ekhaya eBatavia. Kwanikezwa abasebenzi bomkhumbi, kepha abaphathi benkampani abajabhile: Uhambo aluzange lufeze yonke imisebenzi futhi futhi aluzange lulethe inzuzo. Kepha wang diemen, waqiniseka ngesidingo sokufunda izwe elivulekile leNew Guinea neVan-Dida - indoda eyayikholelwa ukuthi lezi zindawo zazicebile ngezinsizakusebenza. Ukuphuma kwabuye kwaqoqwa, futhi ekhanda babeka u-Abel Tasman.
Izindaba ngaloluhambo lolu hambo lwazi kancane. Imibhalo esemqoka namuhla ibhekwa njengencwadi yombusi okujwayelekile kwenkampani yase-East India kanye namakhadi afana noTasman. I-Torres Strait ngaleso sikhathi ibingaziwa kumaDashi, ngakho-ke u-Abela wathola umhlaba otholile wonke. Kuphela iminyaka eyikhulu kuphela eyafunda kamuva ngeNew Zealand eYurophu ngemuva kokucwaninga ngesihambi esiNgisi uJames Coock.
Kepha ngenxa yalokhu, uhambo lukaTasman lwakhiwa amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3.5 ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Australia (ngaleso sikhathi - New Holland). Lokhu kwaba yigalelo elibaluleke kakhulu lomatilosi, empeleni wafakazela ukuthi umhlaba otholakele uyindawo yokuhlala.
Inkantolo ifike yafika ogwini lweBatavia ekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1644, futhi ngaphandle kokuletha inkampani enzuzo yezezimali ephansi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, idumela lika-Abela Tasman njenge-navigator kanti ukaputeni wahlala phezulu njalo. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kwabelwa owesilisa umphathi weChin, futhi wenza nelungu leBatavia Justice Council.
Ukuba neposi eliphakeme, uTasman wayengenqaba kahle impilo yasemanzini engaphumuli futhi azinikele ekuhlaziyeni omagazini abathumela. Kepha le ndoda yayingakulungele ukuyeka ulwandle. Ngesikhathi se-1640s, u-Abela wahamba kaningi ukubhukuda, waya eMalay Archipelago, eSiam nasePhilippines. Kwaphuma indoda eholeni ngo-1653, iminyaka eyi-6 ngaphambi kokufa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Njengokuthi iningi iqiniso lokuthi ukuhamba kukaTasmann akuzange kukhathalele, imininingwane yempilo yomuntu ka-Abela ifihliwe yi-MRAK yamakhulu eminyaka. Ngokusho kwendawo ye-www.genialogieonline.nl, indoda yayiphindwe kabili ngomshado. Unkosikazi wokuqala wabizwa ngokuthi yiClasgie Heynddriks, owesibili - uJannesje Tjaers. Oshade naye wokuqala wafela ku-1632, eshiya indodakazi ebizwa ngokuthi yiClaeesjen, umshado wesibili waphenduka ubuntwana. Indodakazi yaphila isikhathi eside kanye noTasman eJakarta, kwathi ngemuva komshado wahamba ekhaya eNetherlands.
Naphezu kwenani elincane lolwazi ngo-Abel Tasman, kunendawo kuwo namaqiniso athakazelisayo. Isibonelo, esinye sezizathu zokulethwa kwa-1642 kubhekwa njengendodakazi yamatilosi endodakazini kaVan-Dimemet, uMaria. Ngokusho kwamarekhodi asemthethweni, amadodakazi asemthethweni woMbusi ayengenayo, kodwa kungenzeka abe yisihlobo nje, eduze kwalapho indoda ethile yayingafuni ukubona i-tasman.
Mhlawumbe, phakathi kwezimfanelo zomuntu siqu zika-Abela zazinengqondo nesihe. Ngohambo olulandelayo, iqembu lafika kulesi siqhingi, futhi umhlali wendawo wakhipha umcibisholo kumatilosi. Abomdabu, ulaka lwabantu omhlophe olwethukile, bona ngokwabo badonsela khona isizwe emkhunjini. Kepha uTasman akazange abulale umuntu, ahlulela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wafaka umcibisholo ngenhloso.
Ukushona
U-Abel Janzzon Tasman ushone ngo-Okthoba 10, 1659 eBatavia, imbangela yokufa ayaziwa.
Ngalesi sikhathi, le ndoda yaba khona ocebe kakhulu emzini. Ifa, ngokusho kwentando, lahlukaniswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwendodakazi kanye nonkosikazi wesibili we-navigator, kwathi abangama-25 uGuldov bathuthela isifunda eLuselegassurs ukuze basize abampofu.