I-Biograge
U-Ivan Moskvitin - I-Ataman of Cossacks efihlekile, umnini mhlaba, owokuqala ogwini lolwandle lwe-Okhotsk. Lo ngumuntu onobuntu bakhe abasazi lutho.
Kwakuyini i-biography yomcwaningi wezwe laseRussia - akwaziwa. U-Ivan Moskvitin uvela ebufakazini obubhalwe phansi kuphela ngo-1626, sebevele indoda endala. Izazi-mlando ziphakamisa ukuthi iMoskvitin yazalwa cishe ngo-1600.
Babengobani abazali bakhe nokuthi u-Ivan omncane wakhula - ungaqagela nje. Enye yalokhu ukuqagela ukuthi indoda isuka eMoscow noma eduze nomuzi wezindawo zokuhlala. Le nguqulo isuselwa eqinisweni lokuthi ngalezozinsuku abantu bavame ukuthola izibongo ngokuya ngezihloko zendawo yokuhlala.
Ukuhamba nokuvula
Iminyaka evuthiwe yaseMoskvitina yawa enkathini yocwaningo ngabantu baseRussia bezindawo zaseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Enye yezifiso zokuya emaphethelweni anokhahlo ngaleso sikhathi kwakungamahemuhemu ngemfudumalo yasenganekwaneni yolwandle.
Ukuba yisikhukhula seTomsk futhi, mhlawumbe, esimweni senduna, u-Ivan ngo-1635, ngaphansi kokuqala kwe-Ataman, uDmitry Epifanovich Kopylova ukhulume noYakutsk. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3, i-butal ostrode yasungulwa yiKopylov. Indawo yayo enembile ayaziwa: Ngokwemithombo ehlukene, i-ostrog yayo yatholakala emfuleni i-Aldan, noma emlonyeni wenkomanje yakhe, mai.
Ngo-1939, i-evangeli elivale izwe elingu-39 lithuthuke ngokuqondile koLwandle lwaseLamsk. U-Ivan Moskvin uqoke inhloko yeCopilov, ama-watkie alwenza ahambisana nokuxhasa iqembu. Imininingwane mayelana nohambo ikhona ikakhulukazi ngenxa yelinye ilunga le-Detachment - i-Yakut Cossack ayilungile ku-Ivanovich Kolobov. "Inganekwane" yakhe "ngomkhankaso ngeMoskvitin uwubufakazi obalulekile bokuthi umlando wocwaningo lolwandle lwe-Okhotsk.
Ngokusho kukaMeyi Cossacks, ama-clove avela isikhathi eside, kanti u-Ivan obhalwe ngokuphelele kumarekhodi wonke amarekhodi aphambili emfuleni. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-6, abahambi bafika emfuleni uNyudi futhi bashintsha izindlela zokuhamba. Uma ngaphambili lapho ama-Cossacks ahambe khona ngomama, kwanqunywa ukwenza izitobha lapha.
Kubo, ama-perniniocks asukuma emthonjeni kaNyudi, lapho avuleka khona i-Ridge jugjur futhi, aphonsa imihlambi, ahamba ngayo ngezinyawo. Ngokushesha ukunqoba i-Ridge, izikolo zakha ikholamu entsha nezinsuku eziyi-8 ezizayo zehlela phezu kwayo ezimpophomane. Futhi umkhumbi futhi kwadingeka ayeke - ukugwema ukulahleka okungadingekile, abahambi banqoba ingxenye eyingozi yendlela ngezinyawo.
Enye indlela elele emanzini: iqembu leMoskvitina lakha i-bidar - lo mkhumbi wawukwamukela abantu abaningi kunomugqa. Amandla ezikoloni ngalesi sikhathi ngokukhethekile ezakhiwa okuphakelayo konyawo, kepha amabhange omfula ngokudla waba lula - kwavela ithuba lokudonswa kwezinhlanzi.
Ngo-Agasti, 1639, i-Cossack Detachment yafinyelela eLamsk (manje - Okhotsk) yolwandle. Ijubane lokunyakaza lalimangalisa - indlela yezindawo ezingaziwa zaziyizinyanga ezi-2, kucatshangelwa izicabha kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo sokwakhiwa kwezikebhe.
Ubusika bunqunywe e-Ulle yomfula. Inani labantu bendawo litshele iMoskvitin mayelana nokuba khona koMfula enyakatho, lapho kuhlala khona kakhulu, kulezi zindinganiso, abantu. U-Ivan yuryevich wanquma ukungayenzi ijubane nocwaningo kuze kube sekupheleni kobusika kwathi ngo-Okthoba wathumela iqembu labantu abangama-20 beyofuna umfula. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3 zokuhamba, ama-Cossacks Climb athola umfula owathola igama kusuka kubo ukuzingela. Ukuzingela izilwane, leli gama alinabo ubudlelwano - ngakho-ke abantu baseMoskvina baguqule i-sunkki "Akat" - umfula.
Ukuzingela ulwandle, amadoda athuthela empumalanga futhi ahlola ngaphezu kwama-500 km ogwini olusenyakatho lwe-Okhotsk. Kodwa-ke, kwacaca ukuthi akukho lutho olungamelwe lwenze emgqonyeni womfula emanzini olwandle - kwakudingeka ukubuyela ebusika futhi bahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwama-NOMADS - imikhumbi ye-shop-shop-i-One ingahamba zombili ngaphansi komkhumbi nakuyo izithunywa.
Ngesikhathi sobusika, omunye wabantu bendawo utshele u-Ivan Yuryevich ngoMfula iMamur othile (kamuva owaba yikhonzi), umlomo neziqhingi zazo ezihlalwa abanye. Ulinde intwasahlobo, iqembu leMoskvitin, kanye ne-hotcher, umqhubi wesifundo waphumela olwandle, ephethe izifundo eningizimu. Indlela yokubukwa edlula ogwini olusentshonalanga yolwandle lwe-Okhotsk, khona-ke ama-Cossacks afinyelela e-Uda lip nomlomo woMfula i-UDA, wabe esefika eShalin Bay.
Izakhamizi zendawo ze-USSA USSA zandise ulwazi luka-Ivan Yuryevich mayelana ne- "Mamur River" nezinkampani zalo, kanye naphezu kwabantu abahlala kule ndawo. Izakhamizi zase-Amur abagcini bezigcina amagceke, zithole izinkomo nezinyoni futhi umnotho ngokuvamile wawujwayelekile kubahambi.
Lapho ama-perniniocks efika ogwini olusentshonalanga yeSakhalin Bay, umqhubi wesifundo wakhipha ukungcola, kepha akuzange kuyeke izikolo, futhi baqhumisa khona ogwini. Ngokusobala, ohambweni, amadoda abona iziqhingi zase-Amburi Liman nengxenye yeSakerin Island. Kepha ukufinyelela umlomo we-Amur akunakukwazi - ukudla kwaqala ukuphuthelwa, futhi abantu baqala ukuhlukumeza indlala.
I-Autumn yaletha kanye naye ngesimo sezulu esinesivunguvungu, kwathi ngoNovemba, iqembu leMoskvitin lavuka ebusika bomlomo we-Alda. Lapho eselinde entwasahlobo, izikolo zangena kabusha i-jugjur, zaphuma ziye kuMay futhi zibuyele eYakutsk ziye maphakathi nehlobo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhishwa kwahlala cishe iminyaka emi-2. Ngokwemininingwane enikezwe i-Cossack Kolobov, izinhlanzi eziningi zitholakala endaweni yocwaningo, kanye ne-SAC yayo izikhumba zayo zibaluleke kakhulu. Iziphathimandla zeYakut, zifaka imiphumela yohambo, zikhiqize i-moskvin ngePentecostal, futhi amalungu okugcina acindezele imali nokusikeka kweSukna.
Ngo-1645, iMoskvitin ne-Ataman Kopylov babika kwiNkosana ka-Osipu Shcherbatov lapho kulungiswa umkhankaso weCossack ku-Cupid, kepha lezi zinhlelo bezingathuthuka ngenxa yomkhankaso we-vagily pogarkov. U-Ivan Yurevich wawusuthunyelwe kancane eMoscow, lapho abuye atshela khona ngaloluhambo olwandle nolwandle nemiphumela yalo. Ngo-1647, indoda ibuyele eTomsk isivele isesimweni sezindawo zokuhamba ezihamba ngezinyawo zika-Ataman.
Kuzincomo ngokuqhubeka kokuthuthuka kwesifunda, u-Ivan Yuryevich welulekwa ukuthi uthumele okungenani abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-1 emazweni amasha.
Imininingwane mayelana ne-geography yendawo enikezwe yiMoskvitin, kamuva, ngawo-1640, kwasiza u-Ivanov ukuthi adonse imephu ye-Far East. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukweqa umnikelo womkhankaso womkhankaso we-moskvin ku-Okhotsk Sea: Ngenxa yokuvulwa kweziqhingi zeCharmarka kanye nezindebe ze-UDA, futhi kwaqoqa imininingwane ngenani labantu bendawo lase-Amur.
Impilo yomuntu siqu nokufa
Ngemuva kokuqokwa kweMoskvina Ataman Trace of the Shorts alahlekile. Izazi-mlando zinemininingwane engaziwa yempilo yakhe yomuntu - noma ngabe le ndoda yayinomfazi nezingane, nalapho i-cossack iqeda impilo. Ngokusobala, u-Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin washona ngo-1671, kodwa nezimo noma imbangela yokufa ayaziwa.