I-Biograge
I-Yermak Timofeevich ngumnqobi odumile waseRussia nomninindlu. Kwakunezinganekwane eziningi ngemvelaphi yeqhawe, futhi akekho isazi-mlando esinye esishaye i-biberor of Siberia. Abanye baqinisekisa ukuthi u-Ermak wayengu-Don Cossack, abanye bakubheka njenge-URALS. Ngenxa yakwa-Ermak Russia ingekaMhlaba, phambilini ebhekwa nguSiberia.Ubuntwana nentsha
Abaphenyi banikeza izinguqulo eziningana eziminyene ngokuthi i-ERMAK yazalwa futhi yakhula. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwakungeyona ngokwesiko ukushiya amarekhodi ngokubonakala kwezingane, ngakho-ke akukho okuvelele eminyakeni yoMnqobi akwaziwa.
Ngokwe-Legend, umkhulu wakhe wayengumhlali kaSuzdal nendoda ethile. UThimofey ubaba ebuphofini wagijimela emhlabathini wabathengisi beStroganov. Umzali wembongolo ka-Ataman wayengekho kude noMfula iChusovaya, washada waphakamisa amadodana amabili. Ngokwemininingwane ethile, izingane zabizwa ngokuthi iRodion nakwi-vasily. Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi labokugcina baba ermacom.
Wahamba emkhunjini ophansi ophansi ngokusho kukaKame noVolga ngaphansi kokuqala kweStroganov. Ngemuva kwalokho nganquma ukusondeza, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho ngaba yi-Ataman futhi ngathola igama elithi Ermak. Esichazamazwini se-dalya, leli gama liyavinjwa njengesigayo sokugaya, futhi uchungechunge lokuhlaziya luyanengqondo. Iqhawe elinamandla lingabiza kahle u-Ermac. Bekukhona kumkhuzi odumile nesidlaliso, esasungulwa nguComrades - Miskhansky.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: uhlobo lwe-pseudonym ndoda kusho ukuthi "umuntu kusuka kuVolga." I- "Siberian Chronicle" yango-1907 yavula igama lokugcina elaligqokwa ngu-Ermak ngu-Alenin. Ngakho-ke, igama langempela lomnikazi womhlaba lizwakala njenge-vasily timofeevich alenin.
Emilweni yezindawo ezithile ezaphikisane nokuthi kwakukhona abahlanganyeli bakwa-Ermak, kwathiwa: yena, kanye nababhali, wakhonza eVolga Stanitsa. Cishe ngo-1565, indoda isivele inesimo esihlonishwayo, idumela futhi lalihlala esifundeni saseVolga. Lo mholi ubeyilungu lempi yaseLivonia ngesimo sekhulu le-Cossack Century. U-Ermak wakhombisa isibindi futhi ususe lapho ehlasela inqaba yaseMogilev, wabe esephikisana nabaseSweden futhi waxosha i-PSKOV.
Inkonzo Yezempi Nokunqoba
Kungakapheli iminyaka engama-20, u-Ermak waphatha insizakalo, evikela imingcele eseningizimu yeRussia. Ngo-1581, uStroganov wamcela ukuba abuyele eSiberia, njengoba aqoqe isivikelo esithembekile kuKhan Kuchum waseSiberia, insimu yasensimini. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwesitha, uKhanate waseSiberia wayenobudlelwano obufudumele neMoscow futhi wadlulisela intela ngesimo soboya. Ngokufika kweNew Khan, izinkokhelo zimisiwe, futhi ama-Strandry aqala ukuphuma emibhalweni esentshonalanga. Abathengisi baqala ukulungiselela umkhankaso wokulwa nomphikisi.
Cishe bangu-500 abantu ababuthene, balungele ukungena ezweni. Inani labo likhuphuke kancane kancane laya ku-1600. Amaqhawe angena ebadilini laseYermak, aqoqe izikebhe ezinkulu, ukuhudula, lapho kumiswa khona izitha. U-ERMAK ulungiselele itheyipu, ebambe kanye nami Peefing, izibhamu kanye ne-arkebuses. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa, izibhamu zaqala ukulwa nokulwa nokulwa kwa-sabers, ama-axes, ama-dagger kanye neminsalo.
Naphezu kokukhalipha kwe-Ataman, ukubekezelela ibutho lezinkulungwane eziyishumi kweKuchum kwakungelula. Abantu ababehlala eSiberia bazonda isahluko esisezingeni eliphakeme babuza izikolo ngokukhululwa, kodwa ngenxa yokwesaba ukujeziswa wangena ezinhlwini zamaqhawe. Kwenze ama-Kuchwood Fighters athembekile. Iqembu leNermaka lithuthe i-Ural Ridge, lakhuphuka eChusovoy liye egatsheni likaKama no-Obi futhi laya kubuhlakani.
Ukubonisa ukuhlaselwa kwamaTatar eTagil nasemlonyeni we-tobol, kancane kancane i-voivod yathuthela e-Irtysh. Ngemuva kokuphula ibutho elikhulu likaKhan, iqhawe laqhutshwa ngumphikisi e-Ishim. Ekwindla ka-1582, u-Ermak wajoyina idolobha, elabizwa ngokuthi yiSiberia. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, iReniece yaseKhantov neMasi, owaletha izipho.
Ngokushintshana ngesakhamuzi sentela nesiRussia, abaceli bathola isithembiso sokuvikelwa. NgoDisemba wonyaka ofanayo, uJemak wakwazi ukubonisa isiteleka esisha samasosha amaTatar. Wenze ngenkani waya emgomweni wakhe, elapha amazwe amasha. U-Ivan U-Delible unikeze iqembu elincikile lokumelana, elethwe njengesipho semvelo nezikhali ezibonakalayo. AmaTatar awazange anikele futhi emva kwalokho abubula ama-Ataman, kepha ikusasa lalithandeka ku-Ermak. Ekudingisweni, uhambo ohambweni lwahlukanisa ingozi.
Ngo-1585, uKuchum waphinda wahlangana namabutho futhi wawulungiselela ukuhlasela i-Army Armac encane. I-Khan incibilika amahemuhemu avela ku-buchants ngeke afike ku-Ermak. Umholi weqembu elincane kubantu abangu-150 akazange asinde lapho ebusika eSiberia, abasele ngaphandle kwesikhashana. Kungazelelwe kwaba ukuhlaselwa kwathathwa nguKuchum eMfuleni uVolai. Ukulwa nokukhululwa kwamazwe aseSiberia, u-Ermak wafa, waminza. Kepha icala lakhe laqhubeka ngabalandeli, abaphikisi bezitha ezivela kulezi zindawo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UJemak Timofeevich wanikela ngokuphila kwakhe ngokuphelele ngenxa yembangela eyandayo. Imithombo yomlando ithule ngempilo yakhe yangasese futhi ayinikezi imininingwane ethile mayelana nokuzilibazisa kombusi.
Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi izinjabulo ezilula ezisetshenziswa ama-cossacks. Kepha amaqiniso ngokuba khona kwabafazi nezingane, abantu abasondelene nabo abangashiya imininingwane ebalulekile nge-biography yalesi sibalo esingokomlando, ayitholakali.
Ukushona
Ukuzama ukusindisa okuhlaselwa yisifundazwe kusukela ekuhlaselweni kweKuchum, Ermak kwathatha izikolo ezingama-50 kwaya kusiza abaseBukhardians. U-Ataman wahlangana nokufa kwakhe empini noKhan endaweni lapho i-vagai ne-Irtysh Rivers ihlangana khona. AbakwaMbaliso babengekho endaweni yabo ngenxa yokukhathala okuqinile ngemuva kwempi futhi babengenangqondo, ngakho-ke akekho owabona indlela esitha. Ukubulawa kwabantu ababulawa yigazi kwenzeka, ukuphuma lapho u-Ermac nozakwabo bakwazile khona.
Njengoba alimale empini, u-Ermak wazama ukusindisa impilo yakhe, ebheke umfula. Empini, iqhawe libe nenselelo enikelwe yinkosi. Lezi zimpisi zakudonsa ezansi. Imbangela yokufa kwakuwukuhluleka ukuphuma emanzini ngokugqoka kanzima. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, amaTatar athola isidumbu sombusi futhi sahleka usulu.
Enye inguqulo ichaza ukuntuleka kokufuna umufi. U-Ermak wathola isiphephelo sokugcina emathuneni aseBaishevsk. Kukhona inguqulo nethuna eBashkortostan. UKuchma waphinde waba umbusi weSiberia, kodwa izikolo azizange zicabange ukubuyela emuva futhi zabuya ngonyaka namabutho amasha.
Ngo-1915, iKosi, enikelwe nguJemaka King, yathola eduze kwedolobha laseKashlyulu.
Ukukhumbula
I-Biography ye-Yermak Timofeevich yahlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yezempi, umnikelo wawo ekuthuthukisweni kweRussia kunzima ukuwela ngokweqile. Ngenxa yamakamu ombusi wavula i-Western Siberia. Ingxenye esenyakatho yale ndawo yaziwa ekuqaleni kokuba yi-Ugra, kepha ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kanye nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezulu, bekungenakwenzeka ukuphenya. Indlela eya kula mazwe yayilele phakathi kwama-ural.
UJermaku wakwazi ukuthola ama-WOLBS ukuhambisa imikhumbi yokuwela izintambo futhi anqobe amabanga ezintaba. I-geography yesifundazwe saseRussia yandiswa kakhulu ngenxa yemikhankaso yomholi we-surtachment. Wahlola i-irtysh ne-ob. Ukudlula entshonalanga yeSiberia Plab yaseSiberia, e-Ermak enabalingani abathola iBelogorsk Mainland.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokuzimela i-iqhawe lehlulekile ukunqoba phezu kwe-kuchum, ermak yenza konke okusemandleni ukukhulula i-kiberian khanate. Ngalo, i-rugrut, i-tobolsk ne-thyumen basungulwa, kanye nedolobha lokuqala le-polar laseRussia elibizwa nge-mangazea. Igama likaJemak Timofeevich linguMfula, izindawo zokuhlala, kanye neqhwa leqhwa lemikhumbi yasenyakatho.
Ukuhlangana kwakhe kukaKhan Kuchum kuchaza izincwadi zeminyaka ehlukene, kufaka phakathi amaqiniso athembekile futhi afakazelwe, kanye nezinganekwane eziningi, ezingemva kokuphila kwenduna. Ngokukhumbula umnikazi womhlaba waseSiberia, kwadutshulwa imidwebo eminingana. Ngo-1996, i-Premiere yochungechunge lwe-mini-uchungechunge lwenziwe, indima enkulu lapho i-viktor stanov idlalwe khona. Kunelumeni lokuthi ukuqopha kwale filimu kuqale emuva ngo-1986, ngesikhathi se-USSR, futhi kwathatha iminyaka eyi-10.