Umlando Wemilingiswa
USaltykov-Shchedrin wabhala le noveli "Nkosi golovyov" ngo-1875-80. Umsebenzi ungumlando ochaza impilo yomndeni owodwa. Ekuqaleni, umlobi wayefuna ngisho nokunikeza incwadi igama elikhohlayiya, kepha wanquma ukuletha amaqhawe abikezele.Umlando wendalo
Kumagazini "Amanothi Wezokufuywayo" ango-1875, indaba eSalltykov-Shchedrin ebizwa ngokuthi "Inkantolo Yomndeni" yashicilelwa, yasebenza njengesisekelo sekusasa lenoveli. Ukubona umsebenzi ophrintiwe, i-Turgenev yaphendula encwadini, lapho ahlongoza khona ukudala umbhali ukuthi azakhele i-assay, kepha inoveli ephelele, lapho bekungaba khona incazelo yabalingiswa bamaqhawe. Umbhali ucacise ukuthi i-Salltykov-Shchedrin ingumxhasi wohlobo oluncane, kepha indalo elandelayo izodonsela ukunaka kweTurgenev kanye nomphakathi.
UMdali wendatshana waqhubeka nemisebenzi, edala izithombe ezintsha, futhi ahlanganise imisebenzi "yemiphumela yomndeni", "ekuhloleni", "umshana" kanye "nenjabulo yomndeni" kanye nesisusa se-Saterical. Isifiso sokwenza inoveli egcwele ngokuphelele yeza kuye ngo-1880. Ngakho-ke kwabhalwa umsebenzi we- "Lord Golovy".
Ukwabiwa, futhi uPorphiri, wadalwa njengomlingiswa wecebo lesibili, kodwa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kombhalo kanye noshintsho lwezahluko ezithile, iqhawe lathuthela esigabeni senkanyezi. Ngokwezincwadi, emfanekisweni we-porphyria, ezinye izici zomlingiswa womfowethu womlobi - imbongolokazi imbozwe. USaltykov-Shchedrin ukuqinisekisile ukuthi ulwazimagama lwamaJuda luhambisana nokuphendula kanye nokuthambekela kwesizwe, okukhona embhalweni womlobi.
Umbhali uqala le ndaba, engachazi ukubonakala kwaJuda, kodwa umbono wakhe womsebenzi wakhe wesikole. U-Salltykov-Shchedrin ukhuluma ngezidlaliso ezintathu ezijwayelekile, idatha enganeni ebusheni bakhe, nokubukeka okumba, yiziphi izihlobo ezesabayo. Kubalulekile emfanekisweni weqhawe akuyona ukubukeka, kepha amagama athi "JuSushka", "ukugeleza kwegazi", kanye "nomfana ongenamibana" obonisa isimilo. Izidlaliso zivumela umfundi ukuthi angagxili e-physiology, kodwa ekuhlaseleni kokuziphatha.
I-Porphyry ayibizwa ngokuthi yiphutha ngokungananazi, kanye neqhawe langengozi elisebenzisa amagama ngezijobelelo ezithile. Ngakho-ke, izinkulumo zamaJuda azibukeki zimbi, kepha zihloniphekile futhi azinakuphikwa. Emsebenzini, umlingisi ukhombisa ubumbano lapho kuvela khona ukubonakala, uNarrsoss kanye nobuzenzisi bokungavumelani nokugcwaliswa kwangaphakathi komuntu, ukunganakwa, ubuntu kanye nobuntu kanye nobuntu kanye nobuntu kanye nobuntu. Ubunzima yisici esiyinhloko samaJuda. Lokhu kuphikisana ku-porphyry kusukela ebuntwaneni, kusukela othandweni endlunkulu.
"Lord golovy"
Enoveli ngomlando wokufa komndeni wamaJuda amahle, kudlala indima ebalulekile, isithombe sakhe sivezwa kakhulu ngokumelene nesizinda sabanye abalingisi. USalltykov-Shchedrin wasebenza kahle uzungu lwebhayibheli, elala ngoJuda u-Israyeli, owakhaphela uKristu. I-Leitmotif yayisetshenziswa kwinoveli. Ngakho-ke, i-Porphyry ihlotshaniswa noJuda, kanye nobudlelwano bezinhlamvu busungulwa ekukhuthazeleni kwezimpawu zezinhlamvu nezenzo.
UJudushka wavuma ukukhaphela umndeni ngenxa yempahla. Yonke impilo yakhe ilwela ukucebisa nokucebisa, okuhambisana nezindaba ezisebhayibhelini. I-Arelision ekusikeni uJuda Iskariota kwakungumama ophupha emvelweni ngemuva kwalokho wambhalela uGolly. Indodana yayalela owesifazana ukuba aye efafeni aye kumfowabo, futhi wayibamba impahla. Kamuva, i-epiphany, edlula i-porphyria ngeviki enothando, ihlotshaniswa nokuqonda kwezono eziqeda ubusuku bokuthola imfihlo. Inkolo echaziwe yeqiniso yayingelona iqiniso, nokuqonda kwecala kwafika kuye ngokuzumayo.
Kunelumeni lokuthi uJuda uyafa uvuko olukhanyayo. Ukusithanda ukubethela, yena uqobo ubheka isithombe sikaJesu. Umfina wayengeyena nje umndeni wakwa-porphyria, kepha onke ubuntu. Iqhawe, elingakwazi ukuzivocavoca umzimba isisindo futhi lilungile, ligcina elinye ubukhona.
Ngekhanda ngalinye lenoveli, uPorphiri ovela kumuntu ophilayo uphenduka isipoki. Ummeleli wohlobo olungapheliyo, uPorfiryy waphikisana nezihlobo ezingasekho kulesi sithombe.
Umlobi ulandisa amaJuda emhlabeni wobumnyama, ekhumbuza ngobuhlobo bakhe namabutho amademoni. Izenzo zakhe ziyakuqinisekisa. Ukucindezela amadodana akho kuze kube sekufeni, akazisoli. Ngokuphakamisa impahla esuka ePogorelovka, uyenqaba endodaneni yakhe. USaltykov-Shchedrin uvame ukuqhathanisa neqhawe ngenyoka yokuphanga inyoka ezungeze abanye. Ngamagama, iJudiya "iphonsa i-loop" futhi ihlikihla isisulu. Emanethiwekhi akhe anamazwi athola umama, abafowabo ngisho nezinceku.
USaltykov-Shchedrin uchaze uhlobo lwaphakade, owayekhona ezincwadini, kanye nohlobo lwendawo yonke, ngamunye wethu abhekana nazo ngokuphila. Leli yiqhawe elikwazi ukuqhubeka namakhanda abo ngenzuzo yalo, naphezu kwezintaba zabanye futhi akhohlwe ngokulunga, okuthuthukiswa ukudala inkohliso yokujabulisa kwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke kuchazwe uTartuf Moliere. Kuye nakwaJujushka, izwi elihle futhi alisahlathina nendaba enhle.
Amacaphuna
I-Roman Salltykov-Shchedrin ibhalwe ngezingcaphuno zefilosofi, kanti ezinye zazo zingama-Judk. Ngaphansi kwamagama ejolly, bambalwa abantu abazungezwe abantu bakhe babona inhliziyo emnyama yeqhawe. Ubuqili bakhe babenobunzima obunekhono, obekufanele ukusebenzisa ama-quirmirni nabuzenzisi.
"Angizidingi umqondo wezinyoni ... ngoba azinazo izilingo," kusho uPorphirov. Isilingo sakhe esiyinhloko kwakuwukuphela kwempahla yomndeni.
Kuze kube yilapho ephila isikhathi esithile, eqondiswa yiqiniso lokuthi ukuqonda kwakhe umhlaba akusona isibonelo sokugcina. Futhi imaskhi ekhethiwe yavumela iqhawe ukuba lenze isithombe esilula.
"Sibanjwe lapha neLukavim, ngakho-ke ngizokuthola, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ngilandele, futhi uNkulunkulu, ngasikhathi sinye, zonke izinhlelo zethu zokucatshangelwa zizophenduka uthuli," kusho yena.Futhi yena uqobo waba yisisulu sezimo, ngokunembile, ukuqonda kwakhe. I-porfiry edingekayo edingekayo ayitholanga injabulo futhi, eyayibona iphutha layo, ayikwazanga ukuqhubeka nokuba khona okuhle.
UJudushka ungowamagama:
"We, Mammy, Mammage, MikSturni yebo singashintsha izakhamizi, futhi ngenxa yomphefumlo uyadingeka."Akatholanga umuthi okwazi ukuphulukisa umphefumulo ekulimaleni ngokuzimela.
-Vikayo
Ngo-1933, uMqondisi u-Alexander Ivanovsky wathatha ifilimu ngokususelwa enoveni ye- "Lord Golovy". Iqhaza lePorfiria Golovyev ladlala iVladimir Gardin. Ukuhlolwa kwefilimu kokuqala kwakuyi-cinema emnyama futhi emhlophe futhi namuhla akunakuthandwa okuningi.
Umsebenzi ufanelekile ekuhlelweni kwezemidlalo, lapho kuvela khona abaculi abahle kakhulu abamakhosi endimeni yamaJuda. Iqhaza le-Prafiriya Golovyev kwi-Mhat Scene ngo-1987 lenziwa nge-Innoknyny Smoktunovsky. Ngo-2005, impumelelo yakhe kulesi sithombe iphindaphindwe i-Evgeny Mironov.