I-Biograge
UMbusi Ongcwele Konstantin ngashiyelwa emlandweni waba ngumvikeli omkhulu nokholo lobuKristu olunomona. Isonto labela isihloko sokulingana naye, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-Biography of the Persisodes Kuneziqephu eziningi ezingathandeki, kufaka phakathi ukubulawa kukankosikazi wakhe nendodana yakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMbusi WaseRoma wesikhathi esizayo wazalelwa e-Nais - idolobha elise-Upper Mesia (namuhla ungowaseSerbia futhi abizwa ngokuthi yi-NIS). Igama lakhe eligcwele lalizwakala njengoFlavius uValery aureli konstantin; Wayeyindodana kaKhesari (umbusi omncane) uConlorine, kodwa hhayi kumfazi wayo osemthethweni uFeodora, no-Elena ukuncintisana (ndawonye).
Unyaka oqondile wokuzalwa awufakiwe, ngokolwazi lwemithombo, kungacatshangelwa ukuthi kwakungu-272nd. Kamuva, iConstance kwadingeka isabalalisa no-Elena nezizathu zezepolitiki zokushada Maximilian. Ngenxa yomshado olandelayo, uKonstantin wabonakalisa abafowethu abathathu nangodade abathathu.
Ukulwa
U-Konstantin osemusha wangena enkonzweni eMbuthweni eNicomedia futhi wabamba iqhaza emikhankasweni eya eGibhithe nasePheresiya. Ku-305, uyise, owaba ngumbusi engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe, wabiza indodana yakhe ukuze wamsiza empini yaseBrithani yokulwa nezifanekiso. Lapho kufa ngemuva konyaka weConstance, amabutho asheshe aqaphela iKonstantin ngendlalifa elisemthethweni, kodwa ikakhulukazi wathola kuphela isimo sikaKhesari.
Ngaleso sikhashana, abantu abangu-6 bathi kulesi sihloko sokubulawa kombuso, okwabangela ama-protocs. Ngo-307, uKonstantin wavikela amalungelo esihlalweni sobukhosi, ukuxabana okushadayo, indodakazi yomuntu ophikisana naye omkhulu. Lokho kamuva kwazama ukuzama ukuthwebula kwamandla okungekho emthethweni, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho kwaphoqeleka ukuba ukuzibulala. Izimbangi ezisele Konstantin nazo zisuswe ngosizo lwedivayisi yemishado enenzuzo nezinye izinhlaka zezepolitiki.
Ezepolitiki Nenkolo
Ngo-312, uKonstantin wathuthela ukuba alwe esigodini saseRoma eduzane nebhuloho laseMulserian, lapho, ngokusho kwenganekwane, wabona uphawu lapho uya khona - isiphambano sakhe ezulwini. Ngokwenye inguqulo, umbusi wabona iphupho lesiprofetho, lapho ayalwa ngalo ukuba abeke i-monogram kusuka ezincwadini zokuqala zegama likaKristu nezihlangu zamaqhawe. Enye indlela, impi yanqotshwa, futhi ngemuva kokunqoba ku-Imperial Banner - uLagarum - kwavela izimpawu ezifanayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, iKonstantin eMilan Edicut yanikeza izakhamizi zenkululeko yombuso wezenkolo. UbuKristu bathola isikhundla 'senkolo evunyelwe', ubuqiniso bombusi benqatshelwe ukushushiswa kwabalandeli bakaKristu nokuzama ukuthatha impahla esontweni.
Kamuva, uKonstantin waba nengxabano nesihlobo sakhe neLycium, okwamsiza ekuphathweni kombuso. Ukuthi, isikhathi sokuba, ngokuthobeleka ngidlala indima yombusi empumalanga yezwe, wavukela waveza impi, edlulisela ukushushiswa kwamaKristu ensimini yakhe. UKonstantin waphula uLycinia ezimpini ezi-2 wamsusa emandleni, waba ngumbusi wedwa koMbuso WaseRoma.
Kwakuwukubusa kwakhe ukuthi waqala ukusakazeka kobuKristu eYurophu. UKonstantin ubeke umama wakhe u-Elena, futhi ubaba waphinde walandela amaKristu, ebacabangela ngesakhamizi esihlonishwayo nethembekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbusi wakuthanda ubulukhuni kanye nokwethembeka kwabamele kwale nkolo ezimfundisweni zabo, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa indlela eyenzeka kabi lapho ukushushiswa kwazo kwaphenduka khona.
Ukufika kombusi ebuKristwini kwakuyindaba kancane kancane - ngakho-ke, wakugubha ukunqoba kwakhe kokuqala phezu kwabaphikisi ethempelini lika-Apollo, alethe uNkulunkulu imihlatshelo eminingi. Uzwela kolunye ukholo lwaqala ukuvela eConstantine ngemuva kokunqoba kwamasosha. Isiqongo se-aristocracy sombusi asivunyelwe. ERoma, amandla ezinkolelo zobuhedeni ayeqine kakhulu ukuthi ekugcineni kwaba nomthelela wesinqumo soMbusi ukwehlisa idolobha lesikhundla.
Ukubhabhadiswa kukaConstantine kwathatha kuphela lapho kuphela kuphela, kodwa ngazo zonke izindlela kukhuthaze abamele isonto lobuKristu futhi kuqhubekele njalo inqubomgomo yokuvikelwa kwabo. Wagcizelela ngenkuthalo ngezinkinga zokuphathwa kwesonto: ngo-325, emkhandlwini wokuqala wendawo yonke, wahlanganyela ekuxazululeni ukungaboni ngaso linye ngezimfundiso zakwa-Ariya futhi kamuva wakhona emihlanganweni yakhe. Ngemuva kweminye iminyaka emi-5, umbusi wahlupheka inhloko-dolobha eConstantinople, kamuva waba isikhungo esingokomoya nezepolitiki soMbuso WaseByzantine.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Imininingwane ehlukanisiwe kuphela egcinwe ngempilo yomuntu yombusi. Kukhulunywa ngaye ukuthi umama kamama kaMinervin waseMinervin wabeletha uMatonata Minervin, kodwa ukuthi wayenesimo somlingani osemthethweni noma izimbangi, empeleni akaziwa. Wayengeyena umfazi wokuqala empilweni yakhe, kodwa wawusele kubandulelayo bakhe emibhalweni.
Ngo-307, uKonstantin washada noFlavia Maxim Faust, indodakazi kaMaximilian. Kwakuwumshado we-Dynastic ukuqinisa ithonya lezepolitiki, kepha uMbusi wawuhlonipha kakhulu umlingani wakhe ofundile futhi onamandla owamnika izingane eziyisithupha (amadodana amathathu namadodakazi amathathu). UFaust wayehilelekile ekugudluzweni kukayise futhi waba yinhlekelele yale nhlekelele, eyayichoboza iminyaka yokugcina yempilo yombusi wamaRoma odumile.
Ngo-326, UKonstantin wayala ukwenziwa kwendodana yakhe uFlavia Julia Crispia kanye nomshana we-LICINIAN. Izizathu zalesi sixazululo zibizwa ngokuthi zihlukile, inguqulo ethandwa kakhulu kangangokuba i-KRISP eyabulawa yiNavaltalA, owamsola ngomzamo wokudlwengula. Ukumangalelwa kwakungamanga - wasusa indlalifa eyinhloko ukusula indlela eya esihlalweni sobukhosi emadodaneni akhe.
Ukukhohlisa okukhohlisayo okukhokhelwe ngokuphelele nge-atrocistities yakhe - ngenyanga konstantin kwembula ukukhohlisa futhi kwayala ukuyikhiya egumbini lokugeza, lapho ehlupheka khona (ngokolunye uhlobo, umyeni othukuthele wawela emanzini ashisayo). Ngoba ukwenziwa komkakhe kwalandela udlame phezu kwabangane be-Emperor, eyabala ukubandakanyeka kuleli cala. Kamuva, wakhaphela igama lesiqalekiso esiqalekiso sememori (yenqabe noma yikuphi kwakhe okushiwoyo), futhi izindlalifa zakhe zikushiye le nhlelo.
Ngokwe-legend, kungukuhlushwa kwesimo ngemuva kokufa kwabathandekayo kwaholela kuKonstantin okholweni lobuKristu. Kodwa-ke, izazi-zemlando eziningana zanamuhla ziveza ukuthi ngesikhathi sokufa kukankosikazi wakhe nendodana yakhe, uvumile ukuthi lolu kholo lweminyaka eyi-10 kwabhapathizwa kwakuyisixazululo eside esibhekwayo.
Ukushona
Ngo-336, uMbusi wazizwa emunyu futhi, wesaba ukufa okungazelelwe, waqala ukubeka ibhizinisi lakhe ngokuhlelekile. Waqeda ngempumelelo impi yokulwa nezizwe zakwaGothic naseSamanmanland wayala ukuthi lapho efa umbuso wahlukaniswa phakathi kwamadodana amathathu: uConstant, e-Italy, e-Konstantin II - iBrithani, eSpain ne-Gallium.
Ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo, umbusi waya ekwelashweni. Waqala ngokugeza e-nicomedydy, kamuva waya emithonjeni eshisayo yaseDrepan wavakashela ku-Elenapolis Baths, kepha akangcono. Izinyanga zokugcina zokuphila kukaKonstantin zichithe eVilla e-Ankiron. Ukuzwa indlela yokufa, okuyalelwe ukuba izithuthele eNicomedia futhi kwabhapathizwa kuhlelo lokusebenza lwabantu abafayo.
Iphupho lombusi kwakuwukupenda emanzini aseJordani, kepha akasakwazi ukufika lapho. Hlobo luni lokugula okwakuyimbangela yokufa, akwaziwa, kepha kushiwo ukuthi kugcinwe ukuthi ancike enhliziyweni yobuKristu yobuKristu, futhi isiko lokubhapathizwa laliqhutshwa nguBaba Baptiptven Sylvester.
Imisebenzi eminingi yesayensi, yezenkolo nangobuciko ibhaliwe ngempilo yombusi kanye negalelo lakhe ekusakazweni kokholo, kudutshulwa amafilimu amaningana. Ifilimu edume kakhulu yase-Italian-Yugoslav eqondiswe nguLieonllo de Felice "Konstantin Great", ekhishwe kwizikrini ngo-1961.