I-Biograge
UDiego Velasquez ungumculi - umuntu ngamunye weSpanish Era Baroque, umdwebi wezinkantolo uPhilip IV, waqala kabusha izigcawu zomlando, ukubhala imidwebo yamakhosi, abantu abadumile nabajwayelekile. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba yimodeli yabaculi bezinkundla kanye nabaculi beqiniso futhi yabuyiselwa emsebenzini ka-El Salvador nasePablo Picasso. Ama-velasquez Cannons agcinwe kumaqoqo eminyuziyamu emikhulu emhlabeni, ngo-1999 nango-2014, amadokhumenti anikelwe ikhono lobuhlakani obuzwayo aza kwizikrini.Ubuntwana nentsha
UDiego Rodriguez de Silva-I-Velasquez wazalelwa eSeville emndenini kaJuan Rodriguez de Silva noJeronima Jelasquez, obhapathiza indodana eSontweni LaseSt. 6, 1599, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokubonakala zazo.
Ngiseyingane, umfana wakuthola ukuqeqeshwa okuhle emkhakheni wezilimi nefilosofi, ngokufana nezobuciko obuhle. Funda umdwebo kaDiego waqala e-studio Francisco de Errerara, umdwebi oqhubekayo ongasinaki ithonya lesikole sase-Italy.
Lapho uVelasquez eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, wabuyela ekuqaleni kukaFrancisco Pacheco. Uthisha wayekholelwa ethalenteni le-novice master inkosi futhi wamlethela ekukhanyisweni. Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, uDiego waba ngumculi ozimele, wajoyina inhlangano yabadwebi baseSeville, ephupha umsebenzi enkantolo yenkosi.
Ukupenda
Ekuqaleni kwe-biography yokudala, uVelasquez wayedume ngomfanekiso wezigcawu zasekhaya ezivela empilweni yabajwayelekile. "Intsha endala, amaqanda athosiwe," ibhulakufesi "lalotshwa ngohlobo lwe-bodorish, elalihunyushwa lisuka eSpain lasho" iHarchevnya, iTavern. "
Entwasahlobo yango-1622, diego waya eMadrid ngencwadi encwadi eya ku-Archbishop Huan Rodriek de fonsiek, owethule umculi osemusha wasebukhosini, uDuke Olivares. Inkantolo yayala i-velasquez eyakhe isithombe, ibhale ukuthi i-Diego yanqoba izilaleli enkosini futhi yathola indumiso yenkosi.
Ngo-1623, uDiego wayalwa ukuba ahlale eMadrid, ethembisa ukuthi abanye abaculi ngeke baphinde babhale uPhilip IV. Isimo sokuqala se-Spanish Majesty Velasquez eyenziwe ngo-1623. Ngemuva kwalokho, waqala umsebenzi wenkantolo, ethola ukuphindwa kabili ngenyanga ngenyanga, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, indawo yokuhlala kanye nemali yokudweba okuzodonsela.
Ngo-1627, uVelasquez waba ngumnqobi emqhudelwaneni wabadwebi baseSpain, owasungulwa yiNkosi, ingqikithi yayo yokuxoshwa kwaMoor. Lesi sithombe safa ngomlilo eMadrid Alcasar ngo-1734, ngokwencazelo yanamuhla, uFilip III wavezwa kulo, ekhombisa impi exukwini lamadoda nabesifazane, aphucula amasosha. Njengomvuzo, uDiego wasithola isikhundla seChamber, kwathi ngonyaka waba ngumculi wenkantolo weNkosi yakhe yobukhosi, eshintsha isimilo sikaJames.
Ngo-1629, imvume ye-monarch velasquez yaya e-Italy unyaka nohhafu. Yize ukuhambela kwakhe okokuqala ezweni laseMichelangelo abacwaningi babona ingqophamlando ekwakhiweni kwesitayela somuntu ngamunye, imininingwane encane yagcinwa mayelana nokuthi ngubani ohlangatshezwane nomculi, owabonwa nokuthi yini okusha okuthenjwayo ukufaka isandla ekupendweni kwawo.
Ukubuyela eSpain, uVelasquez waqala ukudala imidwebo yomndeni wasebukhosini kanye nemvelo kaPhilip IV. Izithombe ezidume kakhulu zesifundo sokugibela isandla esidumile sePrince Baltazar Carlos ", lapho kuboniswa khona indlalifa elisendaweni yensimu egada egumbini lokuhlala ebhonasi, imbonobheli u-Elizabeth waseBourbon no-The kanye nemidwebo eminingana ye-Duke of Olivares, lapho umdwebi ezwakalisa ukubonga kwakhe kumzukeli wakhe.
Ukwenza imisebenzi yeNkantolo Pounder, uVelasquez wahlala ebuka uPhilippp IV ngokucophelela, wabhala imidwebo engaphezu kwama-40. Ngokuvamile kulandela inkosi yaseMonarch ekuhambeni, wayekhona lapho enqoba uLerida. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umdwebi wapenda isithombe se-equestrian lapho inkosi ivela khona ngesimo esikhulu, eyayibhekisa amabutho, empeleni ababengenzeki.
UVelasquez wabhala futhi inani elithile lamajezi nemifudlana egcekeni likaFiliphu, aphatha ngalo ngenhlonipho nangozwela. Esithombeni esithi "Dwarf Don Diego de Asedo, Ubuso obukhali kanye nebhodlela le-inki kanye nesibambo eduze komlingisi bukhombisa ukuthi inceku yasebukhosini ihlakaniphile futhi yakhiwa yizicukuthwane eziningi ezinhle. Eminye imisebenzi yomculi ngalesi sihloko yimisebenzi yePablo de Valladolid, Francisco Leskano, Don Juan de Clabasas.
Ngama-1630s, umdwebi omkhulu kunabo bonke abaculi be-velasquez yesiqondiso senkolo "UKristu esiphambanweni" esibonisa uMsindisi ngokushesha ngemuva kokufa. Ekupheleni kwe-1640s, uFilipp waphathisa isisekelo se-Academy of Artrid eMadrid kuya kumdwebi wezinkantolo. ISpain icebile ngemidwebo edingekayo, ne-velasquez yayalwa ukuba ivakashele i-Italy ukuze ikwazi ukutholwa.
Ngo-1649, umdwebi wavakashela uGenoa, uMilan noVenice ukuthenga imisebenzi ngesiTitian, Tintoretto naseVeronese. Ukufika eVatican, i-velasquez yathola i-oda kumdwebo wepapa elingenacala futhi lenze ebangeni elisha nangesitayela esibukhali, esibizwa nge-Manera Abreviada (I-Fast Abreviada (Technomeque Lenhlamvu Esheshayo).
Lesi sithombe sikhombise onomusa onjalo ngesimo sobuso sokuthi abanye balinganisekile besaba ulaka lweNhloko yeSonto LamaRoma Katolika. Ngokuphikisana nokulindelwe, u-Innokenti wawuthanda umsebenzi, walengisa igumbi lakhe phambi kwehhovisi lakhe.
Ngo-1651, ngesicelo sikaPhilippe Velasquez sabuya saya eSpain, imidwebo ehleliwe futhi ebekiwe ebekwe e-Italy futhi saqala ukudala imisebenzi yayo edume kakhulu. Njengoba ekhishwe ugqozi emisebenzini yabadwebi base-Italy, uVelasquez uqede isithombe saseVenus ngesibuko, kubonisa unkulunkulukazi waseRoma wothando, ubuhle kanye nokuzala, ulele embhedeni, ubuyela esibukweni. Ubheka esibukweni ophethwe yi-Cupid.
Ukugoqa amashidi aphinda isimo sonkulunkulukazi futhi agcizelele ukugoba okubanzi komzimba wakhe. Umculi wasebenzisa izithunzi ezibomvu, ezimhlophe nezimpunga kumfanekiso weVenus ngaphambili kokwakheka. Lawa mapeyinti ahlukane namasilika amnyama, lapho unkulunkulukazi alele khona, futhi ngombala onsundu wodonga ngokukhombisa kwalo.
Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi "iVenus esinesibuko" sahlaselwa ama-punals ngo-1914. Isiphuzo sikaMariya Richardson sangena ku-National Gallery yaseLondon futhi sahlasela amathini e-velasquez ngama-pesacians ama-hesaci, ashiye ukusikeka phakathi kwamahlombe aphakathi nendawo.
Ngo-1655, izazi-mlando zobuciko zingesinye isithombe esidumile se-velasquez "siqonde", lapho, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, kuboniswe abantu besifazane e-tapestry workshop. Ngokwenye inguqulo, ebhekwa njengencazelo efanelekile yomsebenzi, lo mculi wadonsela lolu hlaka kusuka ku-ovid e-baszy mayelana ne-Arahan efayo, eyaba nesibindi sokuphonsela inselelo unkulunkulukazi wase-Atheaving. Kulomsebenzi, i-velasquez yasebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-multilayer kwezimpawu zohlobo lwe-bodolic of the umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala.
I- "Straight" yadalwa yi-oda lomzingeli wenkantolo Don Pedro de Artee futhi wangena eqoqweni lasebukhosini. I-canvas yasinda emlilweni wango-1734, kepha yathola umonakalo omkhulu emaphethelweni. Eqinisweni lokubuyiselwa kwemali, kwangezwa izinto ezilahlekile futhi zigcinwe njengamanje. Kodwa-ke, kuphela ingxenye endala yesithombe eboniswa ePrado Museum, kanye nezinto ezibuyiselwe okungezona zebhulashi le-velasquez zivaliwe ngohlaka.
Imidwebo yokugcina yemibukiso yasebukhosini ye-velasquez, edonswe maduze nje ngaphambi kokufa, iphakathi kwemidwebo emihle kakhulu yenkosi yaseSpain. Ku- "Infanta Margarit Teresa ngengubo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", isitayela ngasinye salowo mbhali sifinyelele ku-Apogee: izindawo ezihlangene zemibala ezindaweni ezibanzi ezinhle zendawo ebanzi yesikhala esinezinhlangothi ezintathu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-Ephreli 23, 1618, uDiego Velasquez washada nendodakazi kathisha wakhe uFrancisco Pacheki - uJuan. Umculi nomkakhe babenezingane ezimbili. Indodakazi encane kunazo zonke, u-Ignashi, yafa ebuntwaneni, futhi uFrancanza omkhulu wahlela impilo yakhe, ukuzoshada nomculi wenkantolo yesikhathi esizayo uJuan Batista Martineza del Martineza del Martineza del, owaqhubeka nesiko lokuhlola kwakhe okukhulu.Ukushona
NgoJuni 1660, uVelasquez wayenodumo lokukhipha i-Pavilion yaseSpain kanye nokuchazwa kobuso bonke komkhosi womshado wenkosazana uMariya Teresia nenkosi yaseFrance uLouis XIV, owayeqhutshwa emfuleni iBhidasoa.
Lo mcimbi wawunciphisa impilo yenkantolo. Ngemuva kokubuyela eMadrid, wavuka amazinga okushisa. Ukuzwa indlela yokuqeda, i-velasquez isayina intando, iqoke abadlali bodwa kwentando yokugcina kanye nezindlalifa zikankosikazi wakhe nomngane wakhe, umgcini wamarekhodi asebukhosini.
Ngo-Agasti 6, 1660, umdwebi wafa. Imbangela yokufa yayingumkhuhlane. Ezinsukwini eziyi-8 ngemuva kokuba uVelasquez wayezinikele emhlabeni, wafa umkakhe uJuan. Amathuna abo ayeseSontweni laseSan Juan Bautista, amaFrance abhujiswa ngo-1811. Kukuphi ukungcwatshwa komculi, akwaziwa.
Imidwebo
- 1618-1619 - "Ukudla kwasekuseni"
- 1619 - "Ama-Wholches"
- 1628 - "Ukunqoba kwe-Wakha, noma Dluka"
- 1631 - "Izithombe zePrince Baltazar Carlos nge Dwarf"
- 1632 - "UKristu Obethelwe"
- 1638 - "Portrait of Count Olivares"
- 1637-1639 - "Don Juan de Clabasas"
- 1647-1651 - "Venus ngesibuko"
- I-1650 - "Imidwebo kaPope Innokenti x"
- 1653-1655 - "Imidwebo kaPhilip IV"
- 1656 - "Amadoda"
- 1657 - "Iqonde, noma Inganekwane Yama-Arahn"