I-Biograge
U-Alexander Borodin ungusosayensi odumile kanye nomqambi omkhulu osephenduke into ehlukile eqinisweni le-Russian ngekhulu le-19. I-Academinian eyenze inqwaba yokutholwa okuyisisekelo emkhakheni wamakhemikhali we-organic, kubhekwa njengesayensi kanye nemithi umsebenzi omkhulu, yaduma njengomqambi we-opera "Prince Igor", "uBogatyyr" Symphony neminye imisebenzi yomculo eyaziwa ngumhlaba wonke.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin, wazalwa ngoNovemba 12, 1833, wayeyindodana eyayingumkhohlisi yommeleli wohlobo lweNkosi uGeorvanishviland nentombazane eyinqaba. Kusukela ebunzini kuze kube yiminyaka engu-8 ubudala, umfana wahlala enjengekhokho kakhokho wakhe, kanti uBorodini wasePorphyria nomkakhe uTatiana wabhekwa njengabazali beSASHAL. Ngaphambi kokuba afe, isikhulu sanikeza u-Alexander nonina, owanikezwa udokotela wezempi ngegama likaKleinek, wahlela ikusasa labo, enikeze indlu ebanzi.
Ukungabi nelungelo lokuthola imfundo yezemfundo ezindongeni ze-Gymnasium, uBorodin wafunda ekhaya, wathola ulwazi ezifundweni eziningi zesikole. Umfana wabhekana nentshisekelo emculweni futhi wakhombisa ukuthambekela kokwakheka. Lapho uSasha eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, waqamba umdlalo omncane wokudansa futhi waqala ukukwazi kahle umtshingo, uPello noPiano, kwathi ngo-13 ubudala waba ngumbhali womsebenzi wekhonsathi ogcwele ophefumulelwe yi-Opera "Robert Devil" Gacomo Meyerbera Meyerbera meyerbera.
Ukuthakazelwa ngobuciko bekungagcini emculweni - umqambi omncane wapenda ngentshiseko futhi wahlanganyela ekubukeni okusetshenzisiwe. Ngokufana, umfana waba nesithakazelo kumakhemikhali, isayensi, esasiza ekuzwisiseni ukwakheka kanye nohlobo lwezehlakalo ezihehayo. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-borodin echithwa ekhaya. Uma ubheka futhi ukhathazekile ngokulondolozwa kwendawo yokuhlala, umama wanquma ukuthi indodana izodinga iziqu zokuzivocavoca futhi ifunde ukuze ifunde phambili.
Ngosizo lwezinto zokubhala zesikhungo sombuso, le nsizwa yanqunywa kubathengisi futhi yathunyelwa eSt Petersburg yaseSt. Petersburg, lapho yasebenza kahle khona ngodokotela, yasebenza kahle ngamakhemikhali ngaphansi kokuqala kwe UNikolai Nikoleyevich Zinin.
Umuthi kanye ne-chemistry
Ekupheleni kwenkambo yokuqeqeshwa ngo-1857, uBorodin wasebenza esibhedlela samasosha. Ngemuva konyaka, wavikela umbono wakhe, wathola iziqu zobudokotela kwezokwelapha waqala umsebenzi wokucwaninga. Umsebenzi wokuqala wesayensi owakhazinyuliswa u-Alexander kwakungumbiko owumphumela wamanzi wamaminerali emzimbeni womuntu, owaqala ngomphakathi ngo-1859.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMkhandlu Wezemfundo uthumele uBorodin phesheya ukuzophakamisa izimfanelo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphandle. Eminyakeni engu-2 eJalimane, kwenziwa ezungezwe ososayensi abaqhakazile, u-Edward Jung, u-Ivan Seshenov, uSergey BOTKIN, uDmitry Zinin, umcwaningi osemusha obambe iqhaza emihlanganweni yososayensi weCongress, lapho ama-molecule "kanye" ne-athomu " bachazwa ngokucacile.
Ngesikhathi sohambo lwebhizinisi langaphandle, uBorodin wavakashela e-Italy, wahlangana noprofesa wendawo, abeke izivivinyo zamakhemikhali ngamakhompiyutha e-Fluoride e-Laboration yabafundi ye-University of Pisa. Ihlobo 1862 usosayensi osemusha wasebenzisana naseJalimane, wathuthela enhlokodolobha yaseFrance ebusika.
U-Alexander wabuyela ezweni lakubo ekuqaleni kuka-1863. Udlule umbiko ngomsebenzi wesayensi futhi wathatha isikhundla soProfesa Womsizi Wezemfundo, owahlanganiswa nemfundiso. Ngemuva konyaka, uBorodin wakhulela kuprofesa ojwayelekile futhi wayalwa ukuba ahole ilabhorethri yamakhemikhali, lapho aqhubeka khona nocwaningo lwesayensi.
Ngo-1868, kanye nothisha wakhe, uNikolai Zinin, u-Alexander wabeka isisekelo somphakathi wamakhemikhali waseRussia, wabe esenomthelela eDmitry MendeleV enhlanganweni yezifundo zezokwelapha zamantombazane, eyayiyimfundo yaseyunivesithi eyayinjalo.
Ngo-1877, uBorodin wafinyelela esinyathelweni esiphezulu somphakathi wesayensi futhi wathola isihloko se-academian, kwathi ngo-1883 umphakathi odokotela baseRussia bamkhethela ilungu elihlonishwayo. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wezesayensi, usomakhemikhali onekhono wabhala imisebenzi engaphezu kwengama-40, kungokwalokho okutholakele kweBenzene Fluoride kanye nendlela yokuthola indawo ebekwe esikhundleni sikaHalogen-esikhundleni sayo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Borodin-Hunsdiker.
Umculo
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uBorodin wakhokhela isikhathi esiningi umsebenzi wesayensi, umculo waqhubeka ube yingxenye ebalulekile ye-biography yakhe. Njengomfundi, u-Alexander Porfiryevich waqamba ama-miniature ama-piano kanye ne-romantics, ethandwa kakhulu yiyo "iculo lama-arab", "ukulala kwenkosi" kanye "nengoma ehlathini elimnyama". Ukuhamba phesheya, waya emakhonsathi, ejwayelene nomsebenzi wabaqambi baseYurophu iqabunga leqabunga, uFelix Mendelssohn, uFederick Chopin, uRichard Wagner, uRobert Shagan nabanye.
ESt. Petersburg, usosayensi osemusha wahlangabezana nomculo ovelele kanye nomphakathi wemayela we-balakirev futhi waba yilungu 'lenqwaba enamandla', lapho, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwakhe, i-Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, uKhesari Kyui. I-Association, eholwa ngumgxeki olwabhalwe phansi, uVladimir Stasov, owaba ngumndeni wesibili kaBorodin, wathonya ukunambitheka komculo kanye nokugxila kokudala komqambi, owabheka isiko lesiko leMikhail Glinka.
Izindatshana zakho u-Alexander Porfiryevich ezenziwa kusihlwa se-dick ku-mitrofan belyaeva, lapho kwakubuthelwa khona amaRussia akhethiweyo amaRussia. Izihloko eziphambili zobuciko beBorodina zaziyinkululeko, uthando lwezwe lokuziqhenya kwezwe lonke labantu baseRussia. UBorodin waba ngomunye wokuthambekela kobuqhawe emculweni waseRussia.
Umkhiqizo wokuqala omkhulu womqambi wohlobo olusha, wabulawa ngo-1869 nge-orchestra ngaphansi kokulawulwa ngumngane wakhe umqhubi womqhubi we-mia waseBalakirev, waletha umlobi inkazimulo yaseYurophu nodumo. Umqambi owaqamba amazothando ayi-16, ama-symphonies ama-3, ama-piano adlala, ama-miniture angajwayelekile, inkondlo yomculo "eCentral Asia", kanye ne-Opera "Bogati" ne "Prince Igor".
Ubukhulu beqiniso bethalente likaBorodin buvezwe ku-2nd "Bogatyy" Symphony, ezungeza amandla ama-Epic abantu baseRussia. Kulomsebenzi wama-epic, izinhloso zokudansa zahlanganiswa ngezihloko eziqotho lyrical futhi, kancane kancane ziqinisa, ziguqulwe zaba yimisindo enamandla yabadlali be-Epic.
Nge-Symphony ye- "BogatyR", i-Opera engapheli "Prince Igor", umbhali wasebenza phezu kweminyaka engu-18. Waba i-beehole yesitayela sobuqhawe emculweni, emangalisa isilinganiso sezithombe ekwenzeni i-chorus yabantu kanye nokuqanjwa okuphelele kwezithombe ngazinye. Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi lezi zidalwa ezinhle zadalwa ngumqambi ngokufana, kanye nezinto zokwakha ezihloselwe indatshana eyodwa kwesinye isikhathi zaba yingxenye yenye.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngesikhathi ehlala kwelinye izwe, uBorodin wanakekela u-Catherine Grotopopova kaCatherine, eJalimane inkambo yokwelashwa evela ku-asthma engapheli. Intombazane eyayinokuzwa okuphelele imvamisa igcwele inkampani yososayensi, ijwayelene nemibhalo yabaqambi baseYurophu. Abantu abasha bachitha isikhathi esiningi bendawonye, bavakashela amakhonsathi eBaden-Baden, ngokushesha bathandana futhi banquma ukushada.
Umshado wenzeka entwasahlobo yango-1863. Imibhangqwana yahlala eSt. Petersburg, endlini enobungane endlini kaBoar Street.
Ngenxa yezinkinga ezingapheli namaphaphu, i-ekaterina sergeyevna ayikwazanga ukuhlala enhlokodolobha esenyakatho isikhathi eside. Ukumuka kwakhe eMoscow endlini kamama waphuza impilo yomuntu siqu kaBorodin. Amaqiniso amaningi e-biography ososayensi futhi izinkambiso zabaqambi zifunde ezincwadini ezashintshana ngazo ngabalingani ngesikhathi sokuhlukana. Lo mbhangqwana awunazo izingane futhi ubheke isizungu sokukhathazeka ngezitshudeni ezithathwe ekunakekelweni, okwakubhekwa njengendodakazi yezomdabu.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kwendlela yokuphila, uBorodin wahlanganyela ekusebenzeni komphakathi, wayeyilungu lezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene, inhloko yeKhoya yabafundi ne-Academy Symphony Orchestra, ebambelele ekuvuseleni kabusha kwezesayensi, ethandwa endaweni yesayensi.
Ngo-1880, umngani nothisha womqambi uNikolay Zinin bafa, kwathi ngonyaka wawungaphenduki umnyuzi osesimweni esithandekayo. Umsebenzi ocindezelayo, ukulahleka komuntu siqu nokunakekelwa konkosikazi ogulayo ubeke uphawu lwesimo esingokomzimba nangokwengqondo sikaBorodin.
NgoFebhuwari 27, 1887, emgubhweni we-Wide Carnival, umqambi ujabule emphakathini wabangane nalabo osebenza nabo, abadansa okuningi futhi bahlekisiwe. Phakathi kwabafana, u-Alexander Porfiryevich waphilwa egameni lesigamu futhi wakhasa phansi. Imbangela yokufa kososayensi omkhulu futhi umqambi kwakuyigebe lenhliziyo.
UBorodin wangcwatshwa kumakhosi we-necropolis wezobuciko u-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Isikhumbuzo esinomfanekiso kamufi, sizungezwe amafomula ama-molecular, safakwa ethuneni.
Njengoba usulile esikhundleni sokulahlekelwa, abangane bakwaBorodin benza ezinye izidalwa zakhe ezingapheli. UNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov nabanye abamele umphakathi womculo baphothule i-Opera Prince Igor, eyathunyelwa emphakathini ngo-1890, u-Alexander Glazunov wenza i-inchestaration ye-symphony ye-3 MOL.
Ukusebenza
- Ngo-1849 - "" I-Adagio yasePanthetic (As-Dur) "
- 1850s - "Lalela, izintombi, ingoma yami"
- Ngo-1862 - "I-String Quintet (F-MOLL)"
- Ngo-1866 - "Symphony No. 1 Es-Dur"
- Ngo-1867 - "Ukulala Princess"
- Ngo-1868-1872 - "I-Quartet Yabesilisa Ngesilisa Ngaphandle Kokuphelezela" Serenade of One Cavaniers of One Ornell "
- Ngo-1868 - "Bogatyry"
- 1869-1887 - "Prince Igor"
- 1875 - "Symphony No. 2 H-MOLL" BOGATYR "
- 1887 - "Symphony No. 3 A-MOL"
- 1880 - "isithombe" isithombe "eCentral Asia"