I-Biograge
UVasily Poyarkov uyiphayona laseRussia lekhulu le-XVII, isikhulu saseSiberia, ikakhulukazi, amazwe ase-Atur. Ungene kule ndaba njengomcwaningi wokuqala owenza ukubhukuda emabhange aseningizimu ne-Okhotsk wavula iDauraia, futhi kanye naso bantu basenyakatho, njengamadada, uNanice, nivhi nabanye. UVasily Danilovich Poyarkov uzibonakalise njengomholi wezempi oqinile owazama ukunqoba abantu abahleliwe, kanye nobunzima obukhulu, naphezu kobunzima obumangalisayo.Ubuntwana nentsha
Akekho umthombo ongokomlando owugcinile imininingwane mayelana ne-biography yokuqala yesihambi, ikakhulukazi, cishe usuku lokuzalwa nemvelaphi yakhe. Kunolwazi lokuthi uhamba ngalo ama-nobles amancane.
Eminye imithombo ibhale ukuthi ichibi 'lalisuka ekukhonzeni abantu.' Futhi imininingwane ehlukahlukene kanye nezindawo zomdabu zephayona. Idolobha laseKashin libuye likhulunywa ngezinsizakusebenza ezihlukile (manje seTverskaya Oblast), kanye nezinhlinzeko zaseNyakatho zeRussia ngaleso sikhathi.
Noma kunjalo, ukuba ngumuntu ofundile, ichibi lathunyelwa njengenhloko nendoda ebhaliwe "ngemiyalo ekhethekile kuMbusi waKakelitsk uPeter Golovin.
Ngokushesha
I-Yakut VoivodeShip eholwa yikhanda yasungulwa maphakathi nekhulu le-XVII njengenqaba yaseRussia ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezidinga ukutholwa, ukucwaninga nentuthuko. Ukusuka lapha, amaphayona aseRussia aqala ukuhlomisa uhambo lokufuna amazwe amasha.
Ukuqwashisa kanye nabahambi abajabule ikakhulukazi, nabantu basebukhosini izwe elihle kakhulu laseDauria. Ngaleso sikhathi, amayunithi kuphela avakashela lo mphetho, futhi wonke umuntu waletha izindaba eziphathelene nengcebo engafanele yaleli lizwe. UGolovin wanquma ukuthola ubufakazi bangempela bokuba khona kwengcebo ye-Dauri futhi uhlomise uhambo olukhethekile lokufunda izindawo ezintsha esigodini sase-Amur. Isahluko esinqunywe nguVasily Poyarkova, indoda enzima, kodwa ebhekele futhi ihlose.
NgoJulayi 15, 1643, i-poyarkov eyenziwe ngezindawo ezingama-posters eziyi-133 yaphuma eYakutsk ezinkantolo ezi-2. Umbusi uthukile kubahambi ngezikhali: emkhunjini owodwa - isibhamu no-nuclei wakhe kuye, umhlanganyeli ngamunye womkhankaso wawungumkhankaso - isibhamu esidala. Imephu yomzila nayo ibikhonjisiwe, ehlanganisa yonke indawo engaziwa ogwini olunezintaba zolwandle lwe-Okhotsk.
Indlela kwakufanele ibe semifuleni yaseSiberiya enesivunguvungu. Ekuqaleni, abanini bezindlu behla bangene eLena baye emlonyeni wokuthosela kwakhe i-Aldan. Ukusuka lapha izigaba kuya emifuleni ye-uchur ne-gonam. Ukunqoba le misivu ye-browdone, ababambiqhaza bomkhankaso kwadingeka bahudule uhambo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Konke lokhu kwehlise ukwehla kwenkambo yaloluhambo, kwenzeka umkhuhlane.
I-polark ishiye ingxenye yesiqubulo eduze nezinkantolo kuze kube umbuso, yena uqobo waqhubeka. Uwele ama-narts, onqenqemeni lwegiya futhi wazithola esesigodini sika-Amur, wathuthela esigodini soMfula iZaa, lapho iDauria engaqondakali yasakazeka khona.
Abahlali bendawo, i-Mongolia Daurai, iPoyarkov yahlangana ngoDisemba 1643. Lokhu kwakuyizizwe ezithanda ukuthula nokusebenza, zahlala, zahlanganyela kwezolimo nasezinkolweni zokuzalela. Kwakunezinto eziningi, umdlalo kanye nezingxabano ezimbozweni zazo. Ama-DAuras akha izindlu ezihlala ngokhuni, enkabeni yazo eshise indawo. Bathunga izingubo ezikhimuleni nezikhumba, kanye nakusilika, okwakumbiwa kwamaShayina esikhundleni soboya. Kakade lapho bebazi izindlela zokuhweba lapho izimpahla zithathwa khona e-Asia.
Ukubona amagugu anjalo, ichibi linqume ukwenza isikhundla samandla. Ngokushesha wathumba abathungisi bendawo abaningana bendawo, ebeka isimo sokudlulisa isimo - kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukukhokha inkokhiso enkosini yaseRussia. UDaura ephendula wabuzwa ubusika PoyArkov. Indlala yaqala ezikhubekeni. Kepha inhloko yalolu hambo lwazibonakalisa njengethambisi ehlanekezelekile, engazange likhiphe igremu kafulawa njengewadi yakhe.
Abantu bondla ngokuqothuka kwezihlahla, uPadalu, baqala izifo, beholwa yi-mor. Ama-dawidi adayiwe afuna ukusebenzisa lesi simo futhi acekele phansi izivakashi ezingamenyiwe, kepha asebenzisa izibhamu futhi abulala abahlaseli. Ngenxa yendlala eqinile, ngisho nezidumbu zezitha zaziyizitha.
Ngenhlanhla, kwafika intwasahlobo futhi ingxenye yokutholwa kwezinto ezisele kuGonam yafika kuphrofayili yayo. Indandatho yokuvinjezelwa yahlukana. I-subchian evinjelwe yagcinwa ngokubonakalayo, kwasala abantu abangaphansi kwe-100, behle ndawonye eMfuleni iZee, base bekhunjulwa ngesikhathi ku-Amur. Ukuya phansi komfula, amachibi ahlangabezana nezindawo zokuhlala kwezinye izizwe zama-Assuria. Kepha sebevele bazi ngama-nras anonya amaRussia anfisiwe futhi awazange awavumele ukuba ahlangane ogwini, ethumela imicibisholo eceleni kwawo.
Ama-cossacks kwadingeka adlule empini nesizwe sakwaDunes. Lezi zinhlaka ezisebenza kanzima zichithe ukungcola okuthunyelwe echibini. Ngemuva kwalokho abahambi bangena ngobunikazi bendawo yokudoba yegolide. Ikhanda labo lokuphuma alizange lithintwe - abantu baphila kabi kakhulu, bekungekho lutho oluzothathana nabo.
Kepha ama-gilacs ahlala emlonyeni we-Amuri, owayekhiqiza nezinhlanzi, akhokhe ngokuzithandela ngamazinyo, wafunga ngokuthembeka kweRussia. Ukusuka eGilakov Siberian okokuqala ezwa ngesiqhingi esicebile saseShakhali, lapho "abantu abanezinwele" kuthiwa baphila - u-Aina. UPoyarkov wanquma ukuhlala kulezi zindawo ebusika, wawubambezeleka, ngenxa yalokho, izizinda zaphinde zakhuthazelela indlala. NgoMeyi kuphela, lapho u-Ice ekhuphuka emfuleni, amaPowkkovers, umkhumbi omzwayo weza ku-Amur Liman.
Kepha kule adventure yamaphayona aphelelwe amandla awekho. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 zokubhukuda, inkantolo ephumayo yawela esivunguvungwini. Kwalandelwa ubusika obupholile. Endaweni yomlomo wezakhiwo zaseBelya Belya, ngithole i-hut, lapho umhambi waseRussia u-Ivan Moskvitin wayesevele ebusika. Imikhumbi emisha yayingaphelele lapha, lapho abacwaningi abaseMfuleni, eLena ebuyiselwe ekhaya, Yakutsk. Kwenzekile ngo-1646, abantu abacishe babe ngu-50 bekhathele kusukela eqeshini enkulu.
UVasily Danilovich Poyarkov wahlala kuloluhambo lweminyaka emi-3, esedlule indlela yamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-8. Naphezu kwezisulu eziningi namaphutha ephayona eliyinhloko ekusunguleni ukuxhumana nabantu abasha, imiphumela yohambo yayihlaba umxhwele.
Kuvulwe ithafa leZeysco-Burein. UVasily Poyarkov kuqala esuka eZea e-Amuru eya olwandle. Kwaba nolwazi lokuqala mayelana neSakhalin Island, kwaletha amakhadi anokusetshenziswa okunembile kwemifula yaseSiberia, amarekhodi okuphila kanye namaqembu ahlala esigodini sase-Amur, kanye namanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nokuma komhlaba wesayithi eledlule.
Kepha umnikelo oyinhloko wephayona akuyona nje ukutadisha i-Amur Basin ngokufaneleka kwayo kwempilo nezolimo, leli iqiniso elifakazelwe lokungavikeleki kwezizwe ze-Amur, ukungabikho kwesimo esinamandla. Umbiko wombusi weYakutsk wasePoyarkov obala ungowokukhulisa umhlaba wokuhlakulela ama-Atur:
"Kulokho (i.e., ekutholeni i-Amur), uMbusi uyoba inzuzo eningi."
Ukuze uthole isiphetho esithe xaxa, uPoyarkov ubhale ukuthi lapho ufika emkhankasweni wahlangana naye, futhi ipharadesi lesikhashana lika-Vochkin v. Pushkin aqokwe endaweni yakhe. Ababambiqhaza abasinda kulo mkhankaso babhalela ukukhalaza ngokungaphendulwanga, kepha yena akazange aphendulwe.
Kuze kube ngu-1648, i-polark yaqhubeka isebenza njengekhanda "elibhaliwe", kwathi kwadingeka ukuthi likhule naseMoscow, lapho adluliswa khona ukusuka eMoscow, ebhalisela ukuhlinzekelwa okugcwele. Kunolwazi lokuthi ngasekupheleni kwawo-1650s, uVasily Danilovich wakhonza njengombusi edolobheni lase-Urper.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngendlela impilo yomuntu siqu yomtholi yasungulwa kanjani ukuthi wayenonkosikazi nezingane, akukho lutho olwaziwayo. Akunakuba khona ulwazi mayelana nabafowabo nodadewabo abangase bashiye ngohlobo.Ukushona
Izazi-mlando ziphakamisa ukuthi ukufa kwephayona kwenzeka ngenhla kwe-1667-1668, kusukela kule minyaka uJesu akhuluma ngaye emikhondweni ukuthandana. Ngokusobala, impilo yonke kaVasilsa yafundela abakwaLaurels, izungezwe udumo nokuchuma, futhi yafa ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo.
Izithombe nezithombe ezibukhali zomqashi we-Amur zigcinwe kuze kube namuhla. Igama likaPoyarkova lifa ngamagama emigwaqo yasemadolobheni (Khabarovsk, Yakutsk, North-Kurilsk), inqwaba yezinto zokuthumela ku-Amur.