I-Biograge
UHans Golbaine Jr. - Umdwebi waseJalimane kanye ne-Engraver ebesebenza ngesitayela seRenaissance esenyakatho yaziwa njengomunye wesithombe esikhulu kunazo zonke sekhulu le-16. Wadala i-canvases yenkolo neyesilisa, wakhuthaza izimiso zeNguquko, wenza umnikelo omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-Book Design.Ubuntwana nentsha
UHans Golbaine Jr. wazalelwa edolobheni laseJalimane lase-Augsburg okusolakala ngo-1497-1498. Wayeyindodana yomculi - umculi uGansa Golbane-Senior, owahola umhlangano wokusebenzela, kanye nomfowabo, u-Ambsosius waya ezinyathelweni zikaYise. Cishe ngo-1515, ama-suchesbols amancane afika eSwitzerland Basel, ngalezo zinsuku athathwa njengesizinda sobuciko kanye nokuthayipha. Baba abafundi bendawo yabadwebi bendawo bahlela uHansbor.
Ekuqaleni, ama-golbeans asebenza ngenqubo ye-xylography futhi adala ama-metal prints wokuphrinta. Umsebenzi wokuqala ongathi sína wabazalwane kwakuwukuklanywa "kobuwula" u-Erasmus Rotterdamsky ngesicelo somelusi wendawo, isazi semfundiso yenkolo u-Osvald Mikona. Umsebenzi ngamunye wokuqala kaHans wayefanekiselwa ama-gradar of Basel nabalingani bakhe, abhalwe ngenkuthalo yabazali abanengqondo.
Ngo-1517, uGolbeyn owayemdala futhi omncane wasebenza ekwakhiweni kwama-frescoes endlini yomthengisi kaJakobe uVon Herlentherstein eLucerne, futhi wathuthukisa nemidwebo yamafasitela ezingilazi ezinamabala. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, ngawo lowo nyaka, i-novice master yavakashela e-Italy, lapho ngahlangana khona nendalo ka-Andrea Manteny, eyayiboniswa emidwebeni yodonga lokuqala lomculi womculi waseJalimane.
Ngo-1519, uHans Golbien wabuyela eBasel futhi wathola umhlangano wakhe wokusebenzela. Ugcwalise umsebenzi omningi omkhulu ekudwebeni kwama-facades wendlu yomdanso nokwakhiwa komkhandlu wedolobha lasedolobheni, futhi wadala uchungechunge lwemidwebo yengilazi enamabala ezitatsheni ezinamabala ezitatsheni zesonto naseCaricature.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mculi wakhombisa izincwadi zomshicileli odumile uJohann Froken, wadala amaqabunga amaningi enziwe ngokhuni, futhi waklama neqabunga lesihloko sikaMartin Luther Bible. Kulesi sikhathi kungokwemidwebo yamakhosi, kamuva asetshenziswa "kumdanso wokufa" okuqoshwe.
Ukupenda
I-biography yeGolbaine Jr. Njengoba umdwebi waqala ngemifanekiso ebilisiwe ye-Yukob Meira esemthethweni kanye nomkakhe uDorothei, kanye ne-Academian Boniface Amerbha. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, isitayela somuntu ngamunye sesiqalile ukukhiqizwa ngendlela ebonakalayo yenkosi.
Indalo yokuqala ye-Master yaseJalimane yaphathe umdwebo "uKristu oshonile ebhokisini" (1520-1522), ebhalwe nguTefrai nebhotela. Kwakuyisithombe se-groteesque ekukhuleni okuphelele komzimba oweluliwe futhi ongelona ngokwemvelo wamanga uJesu. Abaphenyi kuze kube namuhla abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi le canvas yadalwa yini: Abanye bacabanga ukuthi bekufanele ngabe kube umkhawulo we-altare, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi bekuyingxenye yethonya elingcwele loMsindisi.
Lesi sithombe siphawuleka ikakhulukazi ngobukhulu (30.5 cm x 200 cm) nokuthi ubuso nezinyawo zikaKristu, kanye namanxeba e-torso yakhe, kuboniswa njengenyama efile efile ezigabeni zokuqala. Kukhona inguqulo leyo, njengohlobo lwalo msebenzi, uGolbaine wasebenzisa isidumbu sikamanzi osikiwe kusuka eRhine.
Ngo-1523, uHans wadala isithombe esibonisa i-Erasca Rotterdamsky, efuna ukufana ngqo nomuntu wakhe. I-Humeanity yathumela amakhophi abonisa ukuveza kwabangane nabalandeli emazweni ahlukene futhi kwasiza i-golbein ukuba iye ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.
Ngo-1524, umdwebi wahambela iFrance ekufuneni umsebenzi enkantolo yaseFrancis I, kwathi eminyakeni emi-2 kamuva wasuka eNgilandi ngokuncoma umbhali "uHumanister Omlobi uThomas Moru. E-ALBION ALBION, uHans wabhala imidwebo emi-2 yomcabangi ovelele: oyedwa futhi uzungezwe umndeni.
Abanye abakhi bomculi kwakunguWilliam Warham, u-Archbishop kanye ne-Astronomer Nicholas, kanye neNkantolo Yezinkanyezi, u-Anna Lovell, kanye no-Anna Lovell, mhlawumbe afake umdwebo " . " Ngaphezu kwemidwebo, uGolbien udale impi yempi enikezelwe ekuvinjezelwe kweTiruan, enikezelwe ekuvakasheni kwezithunywa zaseFrance.
ENgilandi, umdwebi wawungatholi nje okuhlangenwe nakho kokudala, kodwa futhi imali edingekayo ekubeni khona okuhle, engiyithengile izindlu ezi-2 eBasel. Ukubuyela eSwitzerland maphakathi ne-1528, umdwebi wangena ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhamba kwezinguquko kwama-iConoborets, okungenzeka ukuthi abhubhise ingxenye yemisebenzi yakhe yenkolo. UGolbaine waphoqeleka ukuba wamukele futhi ahlukanise imibono emisha yamaKristu futhi aqale kabusha umsebenzi emibhalweni yodonga ehholo lomkhandlu wedolobha lasedolobheni.
Ngo-1532, uHans waphinde waya eNgilandi ngaphansi kwekhanda leNhloko yeNguquko, umeluleki wasebukhosini kaThomas Cromwell no-Anna Bolein, umlingani omusha wenkosi. Umculi wazinza eduze kwesifunda sokuthenga futhi wathatha isithombe sabahlali bakhe ngezitayela ezahlukene. Esithombeni sikaGeorge, uGissz Gdansky Golbein wadonsela umthengisi ozungezwe ngezimpawu ezidwetshwe ngobuciko bezandla zakhe. Futhi isithombe sikaDrich Berk Cologne, kunalokho, sasilula ngokomthetho futhi sinengqondo.
UHans naye wathumba inkantolo, abanini bomhlaba kanye nezivakashi zoMbuso. Indalo edume kakhulu yomdwebi waleso sikhathi kwakuyi-Cannon ye- "Ambassador", lapho apenda khona uJean de Denthelev, ummeleli wenkantolo yaseFrance, noGeorges de Sello, umbhishobhi omkhulu uLavurra. Lo msebenzi wagcwala izimbongi nezindida, uthumele ama-connoisseurs ezindleleni zenkolo, impilo nokufa, inkohliso nemfundo. Kusukela ngo-1536, uGolbaine waba ngumdwebi osemthethweni wobukhosi wenkosi yamaNgisi yamakhosi ama-tudor.
Ngo-1537, wadala isithombe sakhe esidumile sikaHeinrich VIII, owayemi esifundeni seqhawe ngemilenze ehlomile, okwangempela kwangempela kwalo akugcinwanga. Ngobukhulu besithombe, inzalo yayingahlulela umbono wodonga oludongeni lwesigodlo se-whiteholl kanye nokuqoshwa kwenziwa ekwakhekeni okukhulu. Isitayela sokupenda sikaGolbein ngalesi sikhathi siguqukile, ukunakwa bekugxile ebusweni nasezeshini ze-simulator, futhi isizinda kanye nama-props ahlala kungaphenduli.
Kusukela ngo-1534 kuya ku-1540, umculi waseJalimane wawungemva kokutholwa kwabo bonke abashisekeli. Ngo-1534, uTomas Mora wabulawa, ngo-1536, ngenxa kavuka, u-Anna Bolein kwamenyezelwa ngenxa yokuvukela umbuso, kwathi ngo-1540 akazange abe nguThomas Cromwell asolwa ngokuhlubuka. Lokhu kudale ukulimala kwenkantolo yomdwebi wezinhlungu, ubani, naphezu kwanoma yini, wabamba isikhundla esiphakeme.
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi esemthethweni ejwayelekile, uGolbaine waqala ukuzibandakanya kuma-oda angasese, ukuxhumana nezithombe zabathengisi bezitshalo zensimbi. Ubuye wabhala eminye yemisebenzi yakhe emincane emincane, kufaka phakathi imidwebo kaHenry noCharles Brandon, izingane zakini zomngane osondelene noHenry VIII.
Kunethuba lokuthi ngo-1540, uHans wayeya empahleni yakhe eBasel, kepha lokhu akuzange kuthinte noma iyiphi imisebenzi yakhe kuze kube namuhla.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Cishe ngo-1520, uGolbien osemusha wathatha umfazi ka-Elsbeth Schmid, owayemdala kunaye, owayenendodana encane uFranz. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokushada, lowo oshade naye wabeletha umdwebi walowo mfana, owayebizwa ngokuthi uPhilippe, nangemva kwesikhashana nje umgibeli wentombazane.
Umndeni awuhambanga umdwebi wezinhlungu ukuhambela phesheya kwezilwandle, uHans wabona umkakhe nezingane, kuphela lapho eseBasel. Kule vakashela, wadweba imidwebo yomndeni eyayihlotshaniswa nezithombe ezisebhayibhelini zentombi nezinsana namaJohane uMbhaptizi kwezinye iziqu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu yabashade ayinakubizwa ngokuthi ijabule. Kusukela ngo-1532, baphila ngokwehlukana, eNgilandi umculi wayenokuxhumana nabanye besifazane. UGolbaine wahlinzeka ngokwezezimali u-Elsbet nezingane, kepha azange azizwe imizwa emnene.
Ukushona
UGolbaine ushone eNgilandi ekwindla ka-1543. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVII, imbangela yokufa komculi kwabhekwa njengenhlupho. Abaphenyi baye basabela ngokucophelela kulo mqondo, bacabanga ukuthi ushonile ngenxa yokutheleleka.
Ngo-Okthoba 7, 1543, lo mculi wahlanganisa iTestamente lomakhelwane abafakazayo, kodwa akazange aqinisekise ummeli. Umpristi wesiNgisi nomhumushi weBhayibheli uJohn Rogers bathatha izinkathazo ngempahla ye-golbien, ngenxa yemidwebo eminingi nemidwebo eyaphila kuze kube namuhla.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi umdwebi wangcwatshwa eNgilandi, kodwa indawo yethuna lakhe ayaziwa.
Imidwebo
- 1520 - "UKristu Ofile Ebhokisini"
- 1523 - "I-Erasm Rotterdam"
- 1524 - "Ungangithinti!"
- 1527 - "UThomas Mor"
- 1526 - Lais Corifskaya
- 1528 - "I-Astronomer Nikola emfushane"
- 1528 - "Imidwebo kankosikazi womculi u-Elsbet BINSEnstok nabantwana abadala bakwaFiliphu noKatharina"
- 1532 - "Imidwebo yomthengisi george giss"
- 1533 - "Ambassadors"
- 1540 - "Heinrich VIII, INkosi yaseNgilandi"
- 1540-1541 - "Imidwebo kaKatharina Howard, unkosikazi wesihlanu inkosi uHenry VIII"