I-Biograge
Imbongi Nikolai Zabolotsky ingummeleli okhanyayo wezinkondlo waseRussia. Uma imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yafakwa ngaphansi kwemibono yesikhathi sesikhathi se-futurism, ngokuzayo yathola isitayela sayo esisetshenziswa emavesini, ngokuxuba okuxakile nge-filosophy ejulile kanye nokubhoboza izingoma.Ubuntwana nentsha
UNikolai wazalwa entwasahlobo ka-1903 eKoliyskaya Sloboda (manje eseKazan), isifundazwe saseKazan. Umfana wayeziqhenya kakhulu ngabazali bakhe, umama wakhe wasebenza njengothisha edolobhaneni, futhi uyise wayeyisazi izinezo zezinhlobo zezilimo futhi esebenza njengabaphathi epulazini. Ubuntwana bembongi yesikhathi esizayo bedlula hhayi kuphela eSloboda yendabuko yakhe, wachitha isikhathi esiningi futhi wakhonza edolobhaneni, elaliseSifundazweni saseVyatka.
Kuthisha wesikole nabazali baphawula ithalente lengane, ngoba vele kubanga lesithathu, wadala umagazini lapho kufakwa khona izingoma. Ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, uZabolotsky ushukumisela e-Urzhum futhi ufike lapho esikoleni, okuthandwa yinye kwendoda kunikeza ukudweba, kanye namakhemikhali nomlando.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikole sangempela ngo-1920, uZabolotsky ungena e-Moscow University. Ukhetha iPhilology nezokwelapha, kepha ngokushesha kuthuthela ePetrograd futhi aphele amandla esikhungweni se-pedagogical. Igatsha le-HEZERZENZELWE LOLIMI NAMAHHALA. Ngemuva konyaka, ngo-1926, insizwa icela inkonzo ebuthweni.
Izinkondlo
Ukuze uthole inkonzo yeZabolotsky, zinqunywa eLeningrad, lapho avela khona lapho ebhulwa ngonyaka. Futhi uma ebusheni, izinkondlo zembongi zakuqala zitshelwe ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Yunc kusuka edolobhaneni kanye nezinkumbulo zakhe, bese kuthi ngemuva kwebutho lakhe, okuvuselelwa komhlaba, okusiza ukuzakhela okwabo, abangafani nesitayela sokulandisa. Ngakho-ke ezithombeni zembongi, kuvela imisebenzi yokuqala.
Ngemuva kwebutho, uNikolai uwela esimweni sakamuva senqubomgomo entsha yezomnotho, esesibe yisisekelo sezinkondlo zezinkondlo eziboshwe nge-satire. Ukusebenza sekwephuzile wahlanganisa encwadini eyodwa, ebizwa ngokuthi "amakholomu". Imidwebo yenkondlo ebeka isembozo sokushicilelwa.
Le ncwadi yashicilelwa ngo-1929, ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhishwa, kwabangela inqwaba yokuphawula okungalungile emaphephandabeni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, indoda ibeka ubudlelwano nalo magazini "inkanyezi", lapho amanye amavesi omlobi engena owesibili, engashicilelwe, ibhodi lokuhlela lishicilelwa ngokuzayo.
Uhlelo olulandelayo, olwaluhlanganisa izinkondlo zeZabolotsky, elenziwe ngalesi sikhathi kusukela ngo-1926 kuya ku-1932, kodwa sasivele siphrintiwe, kepha abafundi bebengakuboni. Kanye nomsebenzi kaNikolai Aleksevich "umcimbi wezolimo", wabangela ukusakazwa okusha kokubi kumlobi. Isimo esinjalo sobuqambi senze imbongi yenze imbongi futhi iqiniseke ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ngeke avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinkondlo eziqondisweni zayo zangempela. Lokhu kuchaza ukwehla kokudala kukaNikolai, okwagcina kuze kube ngu-1935.
Ngokuphila, owesilisa wazungeza omagazini ababili ngaphansi kokuhola kukaSamuel Marshak, wabhala izinkondlo zezingane neprosetha, kanye nokuhumusha izindaba zababhali bakwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke uNikolai waqinisa isikhundla sakhe emibuthanweni ebhaliwe yeLeningrad yangaphambili, futhi iminyaka embalwa elandelayo izinkondlo ezibhaliwe zamukelwa.
Ngo-1937, waze wakhipha "incwadi yesibili", enezinkondlo eziyi-17. Futhi cishe ngasikhathi sinye wasebenza ngokuhunyushwa komsebenzi wegama elithi "Izwi Mayelana Nenhlangano Yase-Igor", Inkondlo Yakhe "Osad Kozelsk", kanye neminye imibhalo kanye izinguqulo. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo saphenduka inkohliso.
Ukugcina
I-coup yangempela e-biography yeZabolotsky yenzeka ngo-1938, lapho isolwa ngokumelene nohlelo lweSoviet. Njengoba ingxabano kuMlobi yaveza izindatshana ezivela kwabagxeki nokubuyekezwa kokubuyekezwa, okuhlobisa ngokuqondile, okuhlanekezela umbono wemisebenzi ebhaliwe.
Ukuphela kwento asindise ekwalweni kwakuwukuqaqamba ukubona umuzwa wecala ekwakhiweni kwenhlangano yabavuselele, okuthi, ngokuqiniseka kwabashushisi, nakho kwakuhlanganisa abanye abantu. Kuyaqapheleka ukubuyekezwa kokugxekwa kukaNikolai Laurechevsky, obhale i-NKVD, ebheka umsebenzi we-zabolotsky ubizelwe impi yezepolitiki kanye neSoviet.
Njengomuntu owayeseduze, indoda ethile evezwe emamelweni "emlandweni wesiphetho sami", yakhipha phesheya ngo-1981, okokuqala ukuhlukunyezwa kwakungasetshenziswa kuye, futhi kwazama ukucindezela ngokokuziphatha. UNicholas ulahle ukudla nokulala nosuku kudlule. Wayengavunyelwe ukusukuma esihlalweni, akahlalanga ngolunye usuku. Abaphenyi bangena esikhundleni sawo, futhi le ndoda yaqhubeka nokuhlala ingenamnyaka.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi sesikhathi sakhe, imilenze yakhe yadluliswa kakhulu, futhi izinyawo bezingabekezeleleki, ukwazi kwaqala ukungcwaba okunye. Kodwa-ke, imbongi enawo wonke amandla abo izama ukulondolozela ingqondo ecacile ukuze abantu abapheme ngemibuzo babengalimalanga ngenxa yokungabi nabulungisa kanye nokunganqumi yimizimba yombuso.
Kusukela ngo-1939 kuya ku-1943, uNikolai ukhonza umusho eKomsomolsk-on-Amur emhlanganweni wesitimela wasempumalanga kanye nekamu okufukuzwa kuwo, nomunye unyaka - ezitebhisini ze-Kulundy e-ITL "Altai". Lezi zincwadi zithunyelwe ezinganeni nakamva konkosikazi zabeka isisekelo sokukhethwa kwakhe 'kwezinhlamvu eziyikhulu zango-1938-1944 ".
Ukubuyela empilweni yezemibhalo endodeni kwenzeka ngo-1944 kuphela lapho ayethola iziqu 'ngezwi mayelana nebutho lika-Igor ", elalibona ukuhumusha okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izimbongi zaseRussia. Leli qiniso lisize umlobi eminyakeni emi-2 ukuthi abuyele eKaraganda eMoscond eMosco futhi alulame enyunyana yababhali, aqale ukubhala ngamabutho amasha.
Izinkondlo ezibhalwe nguZabolotsky esikhathini kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1948, ababhali banamuhla bayaziswa. Iningi lemisebenzi yamadoda ladlula usizi lwakhe futhi ligcwala. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izinkondlo zabhalwa ngokuthi "ama-cranes" ne- "thaw".
Kodwa-ke, ukuphakamisa kwakhe okudala kwathuthela ngokushesha ekwehleni, kwathi le ndoda yahambisana nokuhumusha kwezobuciko. Kepha ngemuva kweCongress ye-XX ye-CPSU, ukubalwa okubangelwa yimibono kwenziwa buthaka ezincwadini, futhi uNikolai uphinde athathe ipeni. Eminyakeni engu-3 edlule yokuphila, ubhala iningi lemisebenzi ngemuva kwenkululeko, ezinye ziyaphrinta. Ngo-1955, izinkondlo "zimbi" futhi "ebuhleni bemiphefumulo yabantu" ziyavela. Ngo-1957, ukuhlanganiswa kwakhe kwe-4 kwaphuma, kwathi ngonyaka kamuva, umsebenzi "ungavumeli umphefumulo wamavila."
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu eZabolotsky Ngesinye isikhathi yayiphilile, kepha ngesinye isikhathi wanikeza ukuqhekeka. Unkosikazi wenkondlo waba yi-ekaterina Klykov. Abantu abasha bashada ngo-1930, ngesikhathi kulungiswa umyeni wakhe esitokisini, owesifazane wamsekela futhi waqhuba izincwadi.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-1955 washiya uNicholas kumlobi uVasily Grossman. Ngalesi sikhathi, le ndoda yaphoqa inoveli neNatalia Roscina. Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3 umfazi wabuyela eZabolotsky kwathi kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku ayenowakhe.
Emshadweni, uNikolai Aleksevich wayenezingane ezimbili. Indodana kaNikita yavela emndenini iminyaka emi-2 ngemuva komshado. Njengoba esevuthiwe, waba udokotela wezinto eziphilayo noMlobi wezindatshana nge-biology, futhi wadala nama-Memoir amaningi ngoYise. Indodakazi kaNatalia yazalwa ngo-1937, eminyakeni engama-25, le ntombazane yashada noNikolai Kaverin, owayeyinyomba yezemfundo.
Ukushona
Yize eminyakeni yamuva nje, uNikolai Aleksevich wamukele ukuqashelwa kwabafundi futhi wayenokuziphilisa okwenele, impilo eshiywe ejele nasemakamu, yehlulekile ukubuyela kumuntu. Ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya, uvame ukugula.
Njengoba uN. Chukovsky, N. UChukovsky, owayekwazi kahle iZabolotsky, waqubuka kakhulu uNikolai nangemva kokuhamba komkakhe. Ngemuva kwalomcimbi, waba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kokuqala. Imbongi yahlala eminye iminyaka emi-3. Imbangela yokufa komlobi kwakuwukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwesibili okwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 1958.
Umlingani kaNikolai washona ngo-1997, owesifazane wangcwatshwa eceleni komyeni wakhe. Esithombeni esivela ethuneni lembongi, kwavela isikhumbuzo sesikhumbuzo, lapho igama likaKatherine Vasilyevna laliqoshwe ngalo.
I-Bibliography
- 1929 - "Amakholomu"
- Ngo-1931 - "Idolobha eliyimfihlakalo"
- Ngo-1937 - "Incwadi Yesibili: Izinkondlo"
- 1948 - "Inkondlo"
- 1957 - "Inkondlo"
- 1957 - "Uthando Lokugcina"
- 1981 - "Umlando wesiphetho sami"