I-Biograge
UFrancois RAb - umlobi-humanayo, ummeleli weRenaissance. Umbhali odumile emhlabeni waletha incwadi ethi "Gargantua noPantagrel". IRomance Romance ethosiwe ifaka umfundi abe ngumfundi emasikweni abantu, umlobi wanamuhla imibono kanye nezithombe zesimo.
UFranco Rabel wazalwa ngonyaka we-1494 esifundazweni saseFrance, edolobheni elibizwa ngokuthi uShishon. Abanye abacwaningi bayazethemba ukuthi usuku lokubukeka ukukhanya okukhanyayo lusebenza futhi luneminyaka engu-1483 ubudala. Izingxoxo ngendawo yokuzalwa, usuku, isimo senhlalo sabazali nezimo zomndeni lapho kwakuhlala khona uFrancois omncane, ahlukile.
Abezindaba ze-Biography baphakamisa ukuthi uyise angaba ngummeli, usomabhizinisi noma umkhosi omncane. Ayikho idatha enembile kulokhu, ngakho-ke umkhathi wokubonisana abacwaningi bakhulu. Umama womlobi ushonile ngesikhathi umfana esemncane kakhulu, yize ayeyizingxabano kulokhu.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1510 ingane yadluliselwa eMfundweni yezindela zaseFranciss, lapho yafundiswa khona. Ngo-1521, i-elalelayo yamukele isithembiso. Ngaleso sikhathi, abapristi babengabathwali bolwazi. Phakathi kwabo kwakhuliswa ezaba yizibalo nodokotela, izazi zefilosofi nabameli. Ukuba nediploma, bahola umlando walokho okwakwenzeka ezweni labo lendabuko.
Ngenkathi eseNundastery, uRabela wafunda isiLatini, umthetho wamaRoma kanye nesayensi yemvelo, umuthi kanye ne-anatomy. I-spectrum yezintshisakalo zakhe yayihlanganisa umlando, philology, izincwadi kanye nesayensi yemvelo. Umfana wajoyina iSayensi nezemvelo, angakhohlwa ukuthuthukiswa kwengokomoya. URABU OTHANDO bekakuthanda ucwaningo futhi adale ama-monographs ambalwa, okuthi, ngemuva kwencwadi ethi, udumo lwalukhanyise isayensi yaleso sikhathi.
Ngomyalo weSt. Francis, imisebenzi ye-Francois young yalethela inzuzo futhi ayizange ihambisane namasiko nangamamayela amukelwe esigodlweni sezindela. Kepha umtapo wezincwadi okhona uyeke ukondla usosayensi osemusha. Ngo-1524, izincwadi zamaGreek zitholwe emtatsheni wezincwadi zalo, ezazibonakala zilusizo njengento ekhuthaza amaProthestani. Ngosizo lwabo okusolakala ukuthi kungenzeka ukutolika iTestamente eNtsha.
Ukuhoxiswa kwezincwadi kwavusa ukunakekelwa kweRabane to Benedictinian imibono yazo yabhekwa njengethembeke ngokwengeziwe. Isigodlo sezindela saseSt. Benedict eMelzé sahlala lapho uFrancois eqhubeka nokuthola imfundo. Kamuva, indela yashiya inkonzo yebandla, iqala ukutadisha umuthi. Ngo-1532, wanyathelisa imisebenzi yaseGalen ne-hippocratic futhi wahlanganyela ekusebenzeni kwezokwelapha. URabal waba umpristi wezwe, udokotela wezokwelapha wafunda izinkulumo kubafundi kwabaziziba kanye naseMontpelterster.
Into yokufunda
UFranco Rabel wayengumbhali wemibono yezemfundo. I-Bibliography yakhe iqukethe imisebenzi engama-20, phakathi kwazo ezincwadini ze-anatomy futhi iyasebenza, iyaphawula ngomsebenzi we-hythecrat. URabal wanyatheliswa e-Almanahs, ebeka phambili imibono mayelana nomphumela wokubukeka, ubuntu kanye nokuziphatha kukadokotela ezigulini. Ubuye waba ngumbhali wemisebenzi ekwakheni nasemasikweni asendulo. Abezindaba ze-Biography babiza le misebenzi nge-reguursoliocal monograph.
Impumelelo enkulu yezemibhalo empilweni kaFrancois RABBR yayiyinoveli emayelana neziqhwaga ezithiwa nguGargantua nasePantaghuel. Emjikelezweni wezincwadi ezi-5, umbhali wazibonakalisa njenge-satir ecashile. Ukwakha umsebenzi omkhulu kunabo bonke, kwakhuthazwa ukwazana noLeises Mayelana neGargantua. Ekulingiseni uRabel uthathe isinqumo sokuqeda uhlobo lokuqhubeka, engeza izindaba zendaba ye-king yama-dipcode pantagreale. Ngo-1532, incwadi ethi "Pantagchuel" ishicilelwe ngaphansi kwama-alias a-Alcofrybas aqanjwe. Walahlwa eSorbonne, ebona inhlawulo. Umphakathi ngokuphikisana nososayensi wawujabulela umsebenzi we-RAb.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, uFrancois wabhala incwadi ethi "Gargantua", okuyinto, emqondweni wayo, wandulela izehlakalo ezichazwe kumsebenzi wokuqala, njengoba uGargantua wayefanele ukuba ubaba wokuqala. Ngo-1546 incwadi yesithathu yavela ekukhanyeni. Umbhali wakhe wasayina igama lakhe, washiya i-pseudonym. Ehlelweni le-sorbonnnery, ubuqili buyakhethwa. Kepha ukulahlwa kwaqhamuka kwabanye abafundi: IPhalamende livinjelwe lo msebenzi. Indaba yavunyelwa ngokuphepha, ngoba ubungozi obuzungezwe abashisekeli abaningi abanethonya, ukusekelwa kwalo kwakusetshenziswa ngumuntu.
Ukushicilelwa kwengxenye yesithathu ye-OPUS nge-Gargantua nePantagruela, uRabel akazange athole isijeziso esivela ngenxa yobudlelwano obunobungane bomngane wakhe, uJean du Bulle, noFrancis I. Monarch uqobo banikeze imvume kumlobi ukushicilela ukuqhubeka kwenoveli. Kuliqiniso, ngemuva kokufa kweNkosi, uhulumeni waphinda wayeka ukuthengisa izincwadi zeziqhwaga ezazishicilelwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Incwadi yesi-5 yaphuma ngemuva kokushona kweRab. Abanye abagxeki bemibhalo bakholelwa ukuthi akufanele kubengelwa ubuqambi bombhali, ngoba okokugcina kokulandisa kungadala umuntu kubafundi noma abalandeli bomlobi. Ngaphezu komlando weGargantua nePantagruela, i-RAb yabhala imisebenzi yesihlwali nezinye izihloko. Izilaleli zahlangana ngenjabulo "encyclopedia yokuhleka." I-Irony emncane, inhlekisa, ukuhlanganisa nesiko labantu ababonakalayo sesikhathi sekhulu le-16, kwaletha umfundi injabulo yangempela.
Abalandeli bobuhlakani uRabel babonga izindaba ezimfishane zombhali. Ama-comerism aphendukela kuwo umbhali ahlotshaniswa nezindikimba zesikhashana futhi nalokho okubangela ukuhleka komfundi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esingokomlando. I-Francois ehlehlisiwe physiology. Ocwaningweni lwakhe, uMikhail Bakhtin wabonisana ngesiko lesiko lokuhleka labantu emisebenzini yeRab. Umcwaningi ubizwa ngokuthi yindlela yomlobi onomcimbi. Ngakho-ke, amahlaya ayinselele ahlala ehlekisa futhi manje, yize alahlekelwa ukunemba ngesikhathi inqubo yokuhumusha.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UFranco Rabel wahlanganyela emisebenzini ebhaliwe, eyihlanganisa ngesimo sompristi wezwe. Wahlanganisa nobungani obuseduze noJean Du Bulle, ongahlali e-Hierarchy yesonto. UGuillaume Du Bulle futhi wahambisana ne-RAb. Umlobi wayenezingane ezimbili ezingekho emvelaphi zawo azisiza ekubhaleni ngokusemthethweni abangane bakhe, ehlela inqubo yezomthetho ngo-1540. U-Auguste Francois noJuni bathola isibongo sikaYise.
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu ye-saticar yazi okuncane. Ngo-1864, abezimbiwa phansi bathola ukuthi eLyoni, umlobi wabuye waba nendodana evela eMaiden Zhanna, futhi engakakabi yi-RAb. Umfana wabiza i-theodul. Washona eneminyaka engu-2.
Kusukela ngo-1547, uFrancois Rebel wakhonza njenge-vicar enyakatho-entshonalanga yeFrance, eSifundeni eSaint-Christoph-Du-zhaMBbe noMödon. Isonto lapho athatha khona amakholwa, avulekile namuhla. Mayelana ne-biography of the wandulela okukhulu kamuva, i-vicar yamanje itshela injabulo. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi i-RABER yaphoqeleka ukuba yamukele ukuqokwa ngenxa yempilo engenamahloni. Ukufika ngaleso sikhathi kuphupha ngokuthola wonke umfundisi wesikhundla senkolo ephakathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi inceku futhi lapha ayizange yehluleke ukusebenzisa ubuhlobo.
Iqiniso Elithakazelisayo: Ukuba yiJoker emakhasini emisebenzi, uRabel wahlukaniswa yi-junk kanye ne-mosmpempetututude nasempilweni. Ngokubambisana nabangane, wayevame ukuhlanganisa ama-anecdotes nezindaba ezihlekisayo.
Ukubuyisela ngokunembile ukubonakala kombhali akunakwenzeka. Ugqoke izinwele ezimfishane namadevu. Eminye imidwebo yombhali yenza ukuthi icabange ukuthi ibukeka kanjani, kepha izithombe ziyahluka. Imvamisa, i-RABS imelela indoda endala ngentshebe. Okuwukuphela komdwebo wombhali oseminyakeni emincane emhlabeni kwajabula nge-HENRI Matisse. Lesi sithombe senziwa ngo-1951, asilotshwanga ngenxa yemvelo.
Ukushona
Ngo-1552, uFranco Rabel wabhala incwadi eya eKhadinali, lapho amcela ukuba amsule ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo. Isonto lahamba lahlangana. Ebusika, umlobi we-1553 wabuyela eParis. Ubehlala efulethini elinesizotha lapho ashona ngalo ngo-Ephreli wonyaka. ULekari wendawo akazange anikeze usizo lwezokwelapha oludingekayo. Imbangela ngqo yokufa ayitholakalanga.
Akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngezinsuku zokugcina zempilo yomlobi. Abalaleli bezempi bazenza kube nzima ukubiza indawo eqondile yokungcwaba yamaSamati. Kukholakala ukuthi isidumbu sakhe sathola isiphephelo sokugcina emathuneni aseMetropolitan nesonto laseSt. Paul. Imininingwane iqinisekiswa yizincwadi zeCathedral, kepha inguqulo yokungcwatshwa koRabel isenye indawo. I-epitaph yokufa komlobi ngo-1554 wabhala uJacques Tiaroo noPierre de Ronsar.
Emfameni kaFrancois, uRabel washiya inzalo yomsebenzi, inoveli edumile, izindaba kanye nezingcaphuno, ezibonisa izinga lokuqonda kombhali wazo.
Amacaphuna
"Angibheki iwashi: Isikhathi sasungulwa umuntu, hhayi umuntu wesikhathi." "Ukudla kuza ngenkathi kudliwa yiqiniso." "Imvelo ayimukeli ububi."I-Bibliography
- 1532 - "I-Pentaschuel, inkosi yaseDfisode, ekhonjiswe ekwanelisekeni kwangaphambi kwayo ngazo zonke izenzo zayo ezinyanyayo kanye nokuxhaphaza"
- 1534 - "I-Pentaschuel, Inkosi Yama-DFisode, Iboniswe Ekusekelweni Kwangaphambi Kwakho Ngazo Zonke Izenzo Zayo Esabekayo Nokuxhaphaza"
- 1546 - "Incwadi yesithathu yezenzo zobuqhawe nemifula ye-pantagryuel enhle, indatshana kaMatra Francois Rarb, udokotela wezokwelapha"
- 1552 - "Incwadi Yesine Yezenzo Zobuqhawe Nemkhosini yeValiant Pantagryweel, indatshana kaMatra Francois Rarb, udokotela wezokwelapha"
- Ngo-1564 - "Okwesihlanu, kanye nowokugcina, incwadi yezenzo zobuqhawe nemifula ye-pantagtuela enhle, indatshana kadokotela wezokwelapha uMasra Francois Rarb"