I-Biograge
UKurt vnchegut ngumlobi waseMelika, umbhali kanye ne-Essayist yekhulu lama-20. Labo okwakungafanele bajwayelane nemisebenzi yakhe, cishe babhekana nabakwa-Aphorisms. Imisebenzi edume kakhulu ye-Kurt Wannegut ibhekwa njengezincwadi "Cattle Cat" kanye "nenombolo yesinkwa emihlanu, noma i-Crusad yezingane."Ubuntwana nentsha
UKurt vnchet wazalelwa emkhayeni wabafuduki baseJalimane ngoNovemba 11, 1922. Izwe lakubo kwakuwumuzi waseMelika wase-Indianapolis, ovame ukuvela emisebenzini yombhali. Ubaba womfana wayengumsunguli wenkampani yokwakha, futhi umama - indodakazi yesigidi etholile i-bereWing. Ama-Wonneguts aletha izingane ezintathu, uKurt wayenomfowethu nodadewabo: UBernard no-Alice.
Isikhathi sokudangala okukhulu senze umndeni ukhathazeke ngesimo sezezimali, njengoba izinto seziye zawohloka. Inhloko yomndeni yahlala ngaphandle komsebenzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umama uKurt waveza ukugula kwengqondo, izindlela zazo ezazingatholakalanga. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1944, owesifazane wazibulala. Lesi sehlakalo sihlala sithuthumela ngokuqinile kwinkumbulo yeKurt.
Lapho kugcizelela uyise, abaphothula ezikoleni esikoleni sesikole, uVonnegut wangena e-University of Cornelia yekhono lamakhemikhali. Umfowabo ngo-1939 wathola iziqu kumakhemikhali eMassachusetts Institute of Technology, futhi umzali wayeqiniseka ukuthi iKurt ingakhombisa ikhono kule ndlela.
Ubaba wabheka uthando lwendodana yomlando nefilosofi engenangqondo, futhi uKurt wayenentshisekelo ku-chemistry. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, ukunakwa kwakhe kwakuyizincwadi ngokuphelele. Izinyathelo zokuqala ekuqondisweni kokudala kwale nsizwa zakwenza, zisebenza ephephandabeni labafundi.
UKurt vnchegut akazange aphothule eyunivesithi. Njengoba esechithe iminyaka emi-3 esikhungweni sezemfundo, wagcwaliseka kakhulu njengomhleli kanye nesiphequluli. Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe II kudalisile ukuthi umuntu wajoyina ibutho. Udluliselwe e-University of Carnegie, kwabe esefika eTennessee, lapho afunda khona ubunjiniyela bemishini.
Inkonzo Yezempi Nemisebenzi
Ngemuva kokuya phambili, uVonnegut cishe washeshe wajabulisa amasosha aseJalimane. Wazithola ekamu okufukuzwa kuwo eDresden, lapho abuka khona konke kwenzeka eminyakeni yempi. Kwavela imibono yemisebenzi yombhali. Lapho kwenzeka izindiza zasebusuku, iziboshwa zavalelwa endaweni yokuhlatshwa elahliwe, lapho kwakugcinwa khona izidumbu zenyama. UDresden wayesemanxiweni, futhi uKurta wakwazi ukuphatha ngokuyisimangaliso ukuze asinde.
Wabamba iqhaza esigodlweni samaqhubu. Ngokwamazwana we-vennegut, okungenani kwakukhona abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-250 phakathi kwezisulu. Imibono yale micimbi yale micimbi, umlobi uzochaza emsebenzini we "Number Cartese 5, noma i-Crusade yezingane."
Ngemuva kokukhululwa kweLeipzig, iziboshwa zaqondiswa kabusha esifundeni saseSundaan. Imizamo yamasosha aseSoviet, le nsimu yakhululwa kubahlaseli bezitha ngoMeyi 1945. UWonneguta wethule umklomelo we- "Purple Heart", okuhloswe ngalo ohlukunyeziwe, alimala ngesikhathi sokulwa. Umlobi wezindondo akakaze abonile ngokungathi sína, ngoba isilonda sakhe sasincane.
Ukubuya empini, uVonnegut wazinza ezweni lakubo wangena esiteshini se-postgraduate se-University of Chicago. Ukuqeqesha umlobi we-novice kuhlanganiswe nomsebenzi wentatheli yamaphoyisa. Uthole isikhundla eCity News Bureau. Ngo-1947, owesilisa wenza ukuphikiswa kwakhe ngesihloko sebhalansi yebhalansi phakathi kokuhle nokubi ezinganekwaneni. Umsebenzi wagxeka futhi akazange amukele. Isimo sikaMaster uKurt Vonnegut etholwe ngo-1971. Lokhu kuthonywe ukukhishwa kwencwadi ethi "Cattle Cat".
UWonneGut wathuthela edolobheni elibizwa ngeSkenectadi kanye nemizamo yesihlobo, wathola umsebenzi e-Dranie Electric Corporation, lapho eba ngumphathi wobudlelwano bomphakathi. Imisebenzi ye-Specialist ifake izihloko zokubhala zezindaba ezitholakele, zifezekiswe ezindaweni eziyindawo yenkampani. UVonnegut walala lapha kuze kube ngu-1951.
Ukuxhumana nososayensi kushiye umkhondo emsebenzini wombhali. Ukwenza izibopho ngokushesha phakathi nosuku, ebusuku wabhala izindaba. Ezinye zazo zibhalwe kumagazini "uCollier Weekly". Ngemuva kochungechunge lokwehluleka, ukushicilelwa okushicilelwe imibhalo emi-2 yombhali, kukhokha imali ekhokhwayo engu- $ 1.7,000. Ukubona ukuthi imisebenzi ebhalwe phansi ingaletha imali, uFonnegut wanquma ukuzinikela ekusebenziseni kweqiniso.
Izincwadi
Amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo e-biography asungule isisekelo semisebenzi ye-Novelist. Izenzakalo ezitholwe ebusheni bakhe zabonakaliswa encwadini ethi "Utopia 14", enyatheliswa ngo-1952. Umbhali uchaza ikusasa lapho umuntu kunoma iyiphi insimu yomsebenzi ekwazi ukufaka imoto. Amanoveli athi "Sitana Titan", ashicilelwe ngo-1959, kanye ne- "Cat Cradle", enyatheliswa ngo-1963, babalwa inganekwane yesayensi.
Ngo-1967, uKurtie vnchet wanikezwa i-Guggenheim Scholarship, eyavumela ukuthi umbhali avakashele uDresden ukuqoqa ukwaziswa kwencwadi entsha. Isampula ye-styliphsyst of the Wonnegut futhi imikhuba yakhe ibhekwa njengencwadi ye- "CLCAREOUSE I-5, noma i-Crusade Yezingane", enyatheliswa ngo-1969. Ngo-1972, uGeorge Roy Hill uthathe ifilimu kuyo. UKinokartina waba ngumnqobi weCannes Film Festival.
Esikhathini esizayo ngo-1965 kuya ku-1967, umlobi wasebenzisana neNyuvesi e-Iowa, ngenxa yokuthi iqoqo lezindaba ezimfushane ezibizwa ngokuthi "Siyakwamukela kwinkawu" kwavela emhlabeni. UWonnegut wazama yena futhi njengobhalwe ukudlala, edala ukudlala "usuku lokuzalwa oluhle, uWanda Jun". Lo msebenzi wabekwa esiteji seNew York Theatre, kwathi ngo-1971 uMqondisi uMark Robson wakhumula abashayeli bakhe befilimu.
Ngo-1973, ukukhanya kwabona "ibhulakufeku lesidlo sasekuseni" saseRoma. Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, uWangegu wabelwa isihloko sikaProfesa weProse ekhuluma isiNgisi eNew York University. Lokhu okulandelayo kwalandelwa ukushicilelwa kwamanoveli eBulagan, "NOST AKUKHO MINYE", "Blue Beard", "Focus Pokus" nabanye. Ngokusho kwabagxeki, uKurt vnchet wahlanganisa nezinto eziqanjiwe zesayensi nge-groteesque kanye nesiko lezaga zezaga.
Ngo-1994, umbhali wamemezela obala ukugcwaliswa komsebenzi wokubhala, kodwa ngo-1997 kwagcwaliswa i-bibliography yakhe ngenoveli "ekhathazayo". Kuze kube ngo-2000, umbhali wanyathelisa indatshana eminingana. Ngo-2005, incwadi yezindatshana zakhe ezibizwa ngokuthi "umuntu ngaphandle kwezwe" yashicilelwa. Umsebenzi waba umbuso wokugcina emisebenzini ebhaliwe yeKurt v Nonnegut.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokokuqala ngqa, uVonnegut washada noJane Mary Coke. Indodana namadodakazi angu-2 azalwa emshadweni. UKurt wamukela isinqumo esibalulekile ngokuthatha ama-3 umshana wakhe ngaphansi kogada. Bahlala bentandane emva kokufa kukadadewabo kaWannegut nomlingani wakhe. Emshadweni wesibili nonkosikazi wakhe, uJil Clementz Kurt waqala intombazane eyaba ingane yesikhombisa emndenini wakhe omkhulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu yombhali ibingelula. Uyise washona ngo-1957. Ngemuva konyaka, dadewethu u-Alice ushone ngenxa yomdlavuza. Umlingani wowesifazane, owayezomvakashela, wangena engozini yemoto. Ukuzibophezela ukuthi ukuwela kumuntu kuvame ukugxilisa imicabango emibi. Ukulahleka kwabathandekayo kwabaqinisekisile ukudangala, okuye kwaphindeka kaninginingi uWonnegut. Wayevame ukucabanga ngokuzibulala, kodwa wayesaba ukufaka isibonelo esibi.
Ngaphezu kwethalente lemibhalo, umlobi wawunomkhuba wokudweba. Uncamela ihluzo. "Ukudla kwasekuseni kwabampetha" Kurty ngokuzimela kudale umfanekiso wepeni elizwakalayo. Izithombe zigqibezele umnyombo obekwe embhalweni.
Umbhali uvame ukuhambisa izingoma zawo ngemifanekiso, udlulisela isithombe sesiko laseMelika ngokusebenzisa intengo yokuqonda kwakhe. Kusukela ngo-1993, uKurt vnchet ubesemdala ngoJoe Petro III, uhlelo olusizile ukudala izithombe zezincwadi. E-United States, bekukhona kaninginingi imibukiso ye-wannegut eluhlobo lobuciko obuhle.
Ukushona
Umlobi wasebenzela ukuguga okujulile futhi wayithanda into esemqoka yempilo yakhe. UKurt vncherut ushone ngo-Ephreli 11, 2007 eneminyaka engama-84. Wawela ngempumelelo futhi walimala ubuchopho obangela ukufa kombhali.
Umsebenzi woMlobi ufunwa emazweni ahlukahlukene omhlaba. Izincwadi zakhe zithathwa njenge-classic yekhulu lama-20, kanti izingcaphuno zaba ama-aphorisms. Ukufa komuntu wezwe endabeni yakhe yase-Indianapolis kwabonakala ngokunikeza inkokhiso emsebenzini wakhe. 2007 Lapha kwamenyezelwa unyaka weWannegut. Photo Kurt Senneguta namhlanje ugcwalisa amakhasi ezincwadi ezincwadini.
I-Bibliography
- 1952 - "Utopia 14" ("Piano Mechanical")
- 1959 - "Sitan Titan"
- Ngo-1961 - "Umama Webumnyama"
- 1963 - "Izinkomo Cradle"
- Ngo-1965 - "Inombolo Enazo Emihlanu, noma I-Crusade Yezingane"
- 1973 - "Ukudla kwasekuseni kwabadlali, noma ukuvalelisa, uMsombuluko omnyama"
- Ngo-1976 - "Farc, noma isizungu esiphelele"
- 1979 - "Recidivist"
- Ngo-1982 - "Akuncane Akukho Mphuthe"
- 1985 - "Galapagos"
- 1987 - "I-Blue Beard"
- 1990 - "Focus PoKus"
- 1997 - "Isikhathi Simbili"