I-Biograge
UJohn Grisham uyinkosi yamahloni okusemthethweni, eyakhiwa ngobungcweti emkhakheni wezomthetho, okunikeza imisebenzi ethembekile kanye ne-charm ekhethekile. Ngokwe-'qinile 'eqinile' ethengisa kakhulu, "sekuyisikhathi sokubulala", "ikhasimende" lisuswe ngamafilimu aseHollywood, angeze idrama ethe xaxa emlandweni wamaqhawe: etholwa enecala, efa, engenakuvikela futhi, ngokuhlukile, elungele ukulwa ithonsi lokugcina legazi.Ubuntwana nentsha
UJohn Ray Grishem Jr. wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 8, 1955 edolobheni laseMelika laseJonesboro, Arkansas, emndenini weVanda (nee skidmor) noJohn Ray Grisham. Umama - umfazi wasendlini, ubaba wawubandakanyekile ekwakheni futhi ekhulayo ukotini. Umfana ungowesibili wezingane ezinhlanu. Lapho eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, umndeni wathuthela eSouth Heven, eMinnesota.
Ebuntwaneni, uGrisham wayefuna ukuba ngumdlali we-baseball. Amaphupho afakwe esikhundleni se- "Painty House" (2001) mayelana nomfana oneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, owayefuna ukuzinikezela kwemidlalo. Encwadini ethi "UJoe ovela eCalico" (2012) uchaza iqiniso elivela e-biography yombhali, ngenxa yalokho, eminyakeni eyi-18, iqembu lokudla lomphikisi lalimala kabi. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-8, uJohn wathi ubuKristu. Eminyakeni yakhe yabafundi, waze waya eBrazil ukusakaza isivumokholo sakhe.
UJohn waqala ukusebenza kusenesikhathi - kusukela eminyakeni eyi-14 enisela amanzi emcimbini enkulisa, waziphindisela uthango, kamuva uDoros ngaphambi komoya. Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, uyise wamhlela emgaqweni uBrigade ebhalwe ngelebuli, lapho kwenzeka ingozi ensizwa eyamenza wacabanga ngokungathi sína ngekolishi. Abasebenzi balawa ma-brigades amabili bahlela ukulwa, bafika ekudubuleni. Yethukile, i-grisch yacasha endlini yangasese futhi yahlala lapho kuze kube yilapho amaphoyisa eboshelwa izigebengu.
AbaseMelika babona ukuthi akafuni ukwenza impilo efuna umsebenzi, futhi wangena ekolishi laseNyakatho neWistussippi, e-State University of Cleveland, e-Ohio. UJohane washintsha izikhungo ezi-3 ngaphambi kokuba athole imfundo ephakeme. Ngo-1977, wakhululwa eHulumeni University of Mississippi Bakalavrom emkhakheni we-accounting.
UGrisham wanquma ukujulisa ulwazi olutholwe futhi wangena emthethweni wesikole e-University of Mississippi kummeli wentela. UJurisprudence waphenduka wathakazelisa ngokwengeziwe emnothweni, kwathi ngo-1981, insizwa ethile yathola iziqu zobudokotela emthethweni womuzi.
Izincwadi
Iminyaka eyi-10, i-Grisch yasebenza njengommeli, ivikela izintshisekelo zezakhamizi ezingozini nangobungozi ezindabeni zezempilo. Umsebenzi ophumelelayo wezomthetho usize abaseMelika ngo-1983 ukugwema eChamber of Apments of Mississippi. Umholo waminyaka yonke wayengu- $ 8,000.
Ngo-1984, ehholo leNkantolo kaClinton, uMississippi, uGrisham, uGrisham wezwa ubufakazi babahlukumezekile bokudlwengula nokushaya: UMarci Scott oneminyaka engu-12 noMbusi oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala uJulie. Indaba ebuhlungu yayinesifiso sommeli, futhi wayecabanga ukuthi kungaba njalo uma ubaba wamantombazane ahlelwe ngama-chlorin uqobo nabaphangi. Ngakho-ke umbono wesikhathi sokuqala sokuthokozisa esingokomthetho "sokubulala" wazalwa.
Lapho usebenzisa umqondo wokuphila, uJohn waphefumulelwa ngumsebenzi weHarper Lee "abulale umkhondo", ngakho-ke umbono osemqoka wenoveli ngukushayisana kohlanga: ubaba wentombazane edlwenguliwe, i-Afrika yaseMelika, ubulala izigebengu - Abafana abamhlophe. Amalungu e-Ku-Kloux Clan avule i-Hunt for Jake Brygens, ummeli osukuma ukuvikela abamnyama. Ukudonswa komsebenzi kwavela ukuthola umshicileli. UGrisham wathola ukwehluleka okungama-28, kuyilapho ngoJuni 1989, indlu yokushicilela iWyndood yavuma ukuphrinta amakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu.
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokubhala "Isikhathi sokubulala", iMelika yathatha inkampani "ngokuqinile" (1991) mayelana nommeli oqoqa ozakwabo imali yokuyekethisa imali kaMafia. Kwaphenduka ukunqoba: Umsebenzi wahlala ohlwini lwabathengisi "ama-New York Times" amasonto angama-47, kwaphela iminyaka emi-2 ethengise amakhophi ayizigidi eziyi-1.5. Impumelelo yenoveli ekholisayo iGrisham ukwenqaba umkhuba wokwahlulela. Kanye kuphela, ngo-1996, wavikela izintshisekelo zomndeni kaSitileweledi, owabulawa emsebenzini.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, uJohn waqhubeka nokubhala amahloni okuthembela kwezomthetho: "Iklayenti" (1993), "Ikhamera" (1994), "Isinqumo" (1996), "ummeli" (1998). Uchungechunge lwemisebenzi efanayo lwaphazanyiswa yi-Roman "Painted House", eyachaza ubuntwana bomlobi e-Arkansas, bugcwele i-baseball, isivuno sekotini nokulwa njalo nokulwa nobuphofu.
Izindikimba zezemidlalo emisebenzini kaGrisha zingalandelelwa kumanoveli "Tribunes" (2003), "Ithuba Lokugcina" (2007), "Joe eCalico". Futhi "Grey Mountain" (2014) umsebenzi wokuqala we-American, lapho iqhawe eliyinhloko lommeli ngowesifazane.
Ngaphezu kwamanoveli ngamanye, ku-bibliography of John kukhona amaqoqo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2010 ukukhanya kwabona incwadi ethi "Ubugebengu Ngaphandle Kokujeziswa. UTheodore Bun ungummeli omncane "mayelana nomfana ophakanyiswa ngabameli. Ngokuzithandela, uba ngufakazi endaweni yesehlakalo, esingashintsha kakhulu inkambo yecala. Abantu benqaba ukubona amazwi eshumini elithile angenalwazi, afaka isithombe sobufakazi bakhe, kodwa uTheodore ukholelwa ukuthi kunesibopho sokubika izwe ngeqiniso, ngaphandle kwalokho ubugebengu buzohlala bungajeziswa.
Abafundi bamukele ngemfudumalo umlingiswa omusha, futhi uGrisham wabhala indaba yesibili ngommeli omncane ngaphansi kwe- "2011), lapho uTheodore aphenya khona ukulahleka kwentombi yesikole. Endabeni ethi "Umsolwa" (2012), osemusha uba umsolwa ngecala elingazange alithathe. Udinga ukuzithethelela.
Endabeni ethi "Izishoshovu" (2013), i-boon izothola ngokusemthethweni, abangane bezokufunda. Bendawonye baba sendleleni yosopolitiki obukhohlakele. Kepha "ocebile" uhlose ukufeza lokho okufiselekayo, noma ngabe lokhu kuzofanela ukuqeda intsha ngezindlela ezinonya.
Ngemuva kwekhefu elide, ngonyaka we-2016, ngashiya amashumi ayisithupha futhi njengamanje inoveli yokugcina emjikelezweni "Theodore Bun: Scandal". Kuyo, umphenyi osemusha washayisana nokuqanjwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Izindaba ezikhuluma nge-TheOdore zawela kubafundi abancane ukunambitha: UShiya, indodakazi kaGrisha, uthisha, wafundela izingane ezinganeni, futhi eziningi zanquma ukuhlanganisa impilo ngobuqili.
Imibono yemisebenzi emisha ekhanda lomlobi ayimile. Ngo-2017, uJohn wabhala "i-Asphara" - Inoveli ecishe ibe yintsha emithathu yaba ngamanga wesisekelo sesisekelo sezikolo zangasese. Umthetho ohlangothini lwabakhwabambisi, ngakho-ke abafundi banesibindi sokungazitholi izindlela zomthetho ngokuphelele. Ezinye izinhlamvu, futhi nabameli abasebasha, ziphenduke ukugxila kwenoveli entsha kakhulu ye-American "Payback" (2018).
Amafilimu
Izincwadi zikaJohn Grisha zivikelwe ngenkuthalo abakhiqizi bakaHollywood, futhi ifilimu lokuqala elikhishwe - "Firm" (1993) ku-BestSeller yegama elifanayo. Indima enkulu yabulawa nguTom Cruise. Ukunakwa komlingisi odumile emsebenzini we-American akazange akholwe kuphela amabhayisikobho okunye ukuze akwazi ukudala amakholwa amavidiyo emisebenzi kaGrisha, kodwa futhi akhange ngentshisekelo yokufunda amanoveli kaGrisha.
Ngo-1993, "amacala ama-pelicans" noJulia Roberts noDenzel Washinton bavele, ngonyaka olandelayo, uSusan Sarandon noTommy Li Jones babeka inkanyezi endaweni ebiyelwe ifilimu.
Inoveli ye-rut, "sekuyisikhathi sokubulala," kuthola isikhathi samafilimu ngemuva kokubhala - ngo-1996. Endimeni kababa onenhlanhla, eyaphindisela ukulimala kwendodakazi yakhe, uSamuel L. Jackson kwavela, futhi uMathewu McCONAJA wadlala ummeli. USandra Bullock, Kevin Sserland, eKiefer noDonald Sutherland nabo bangena kulo msebenzi. Ukuguqulwa kweskripthi kwaletha ama- $ 6 wezigidi zamaGrishamu.
Ukuhlolwa kwe- "Imvula yegolide" (1995), inoveli ekushushisweni kwenkampani yomshuwalense nommeli osemusha, uFrancis Ford Coppola wathatha. Le filimu yabizwa ngokuthi "umhlomuli" (1997), izindima eziyinhloko zenziwa nguDanny de Vito noMat Damon. Ngo-2017, isiteshi se-CBS samemezela ukudutshulwa kochungechunge ngalo msebenzi. UJohn Grisham usebenza njengombhali wesikrini.
Ngemuva kwefilimu nge "Christmas noLosers" (2004), umsebenzi we-American wayeka ukuzibuza iHollywood. UGrisham wazama ukuhlala kwi-LEDPER futhi wabhala isimo sokuqala sefilimu ethi "Mickey" mayelana nomdlali we-baseball oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala. Lesi sithombe, nokho, asizange sikuhambise izilaleli: izindleko zemali zibalwa ngama- $ 294 amawaka kuphela kwisabelomali sama- $ 6 wezigidi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu kaJohn Grisha ayiphumeleli kangako kunomsebenzi wokubhala. NgoMeyi 8, 1981, umlobi wathatha uRen Jones emfazi wakhe. Kwazalwa izingane ezimbili emshadweni: Indodakazi yakhe uShi noNdodana Tai. Umfana wathola njengefa ubaba ubaba wezemidlalo, udlala i-baseball ye-University of Virginia.
Lo mndeni ungumnikazi wezindlu eziningana, kufaka phakathi indlu eyasemabhishi asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu - e-Destin, eFlorida. Indlu itholakala eduze kwezimpahla ze-Britney Spears kanye neCheryl Crow.
UJohn Grisham Manje
Ngaphezu kokubhala izincwadi, i-grisch, futhi manje isiyilungu leBhodi Yabaqondisi beProjekthi yeNevinOst, ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuthi yimiphi imikhankaso ephethwe ngokukhishwa kwecala lokuhlaziya kwe-DNA. Ekusekelweni kwephrojekthi, ummeli wangaphambili waphawula lokho ekuziphatheni lapho kuhlaziya ngeziphambeko, futhi kuyadingeka ukuphinda.
Umlobi uphikisana nesigwebo sentambo futhi ubheka izigwebo zejele ezinikezwe ngohlelo lwezobulungiswa base-US kakhulu. Njengesibonelo, wahola "kanzima" nentsha "eyadayisela izidakamizwa ukuze uthole imali yesinkwa, nalabo ababheka izithombe ezingcolile. UGrisam wafaka icala lokuthi akuzona zonke izilaleli ze-porn yezingane okufanele zibe ama-pedophiles. Iphuzu elinjalo lagxekwa ngumphakathi, futhi kamuva umbhali washiya amazwi akhe eposini e-Facebook.
I-baseball yaseMelika esele njengomdlali, kepha iyaqhubeka nokulandela umdlalo. Ngo-1996, wasebenzisa u- $ 3.8 million ekwakhiweni kweSikole Se-baseball wezingane e-Oxford, futhi futhi wabaxhasa iqembu laseCavalier kusuka ku-koversville, eVirginia.
I-Bibliography
- 1989 - "Sekuyisikhathi sokubulala"
- Ngo-1991 - "Firm"
- 1993 - "Iklayenti"
- 1998 - "Ummeli"
- 2000 - "Blackmail"
- Ngo-2001 - "Indlu edwetshwe"
- Ngo-2004 - "Ijaji Lokugcina"
- 2012 - "Racketyr"
- 2014 - "Grey Mountain"
- 2017 - "ICamino Island"
- 2017 - "Scam"
- 2018 - "I-Payback"
Izics
- 1993 - "Firm"
- 1993 - Icala "Icala LasePelicans"
- 1994 - "Iklayenti"
- 1996 - "Isikhathi sokubulala"
- 1996 - "Ikhamera"
- 1997 - "Ukuzuzwa"
- Ngo-2003 - "Indlu edwetshwe"
- 2003 - "Isinqumo Semali"
- Ngo-2004 - "Mickey"
- Ngo-2004 - "UKhisimusi onamalahle"