I-Biograge
Umqondisi weSoviet - Kuwo wonke ama-biographies asemthethweni, kwethulwa iSergei I -ERGADZHANOV. Ngokumangazayo, kepha, ekhona eSoviet Enda, akakaze ayenecala lakhe, ayenqaba, alahliwe, agxekwa ukuvezwa okubi okunjalo kokwakha njengokucwaninga, ukucindezelwa, ukushushiswa.
Kungakho Wayehlala efuna lelo nkulumo ebelivinjelwe kangangokuba amafilimu akhe: "Umbala webhomu", "Umthunzi Wokhokho Okhohliwe", "Ashik-Kerib" nabanye. Amafilimu weParajanov "anjengokungathi adonswa ngumculi weqiniso : Emibalabala, yasekuqaleni, ehlanganisiwe njengobuntu obuhle kakhulu be-Master.
Ubuntwana nentsha
USergey (sarkis) i-parialzhanov wazalwa ngoJanuwari 9, 1924 eTbilisi. Umfana waba yindodana eyayilindelwe isikhathi eside ngemuva kwamadodakazi ka-Ana noRuzanne emndenini wakwa-Antiquary Joseph Parajanov noSiran BeJANOVA. Ukusuka kuYise uSergey wakuthola njengefa uthando lobuhle nomusa, ithalente lobuciko, kusuka kumama - ubuciko namandla, uthando lweshashalazi.
Ingane kaSergey yadlula emkhathini ofana nokungena emnyuziyamu kanye nebhentshi lesalukazi ngasikhathi sinye. Yonke indawo imifanekiso ebizayo, izitsha ezindala, amakhaphethi, imidwebo nezithombe - wonke lo mqondisi uzogcina empilweni yakhe yansuku zonke. Shono nje abantu ababephila ngesikhathi behlekisa ukuthi i-irajiranov "ihlala ngaphakathi empilweni namanje."
Kusukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1942, umfana wafunda esikoleni saseRussia. Akafundanga kahle, kepha ezinye izifundo zaqondakala futhi zithandwa. Nganginesifiso sesayensi yemvelo nangomlando, kanye namathalente okuzalwa kwadonswa emculweni, ukudweba nezincwadi. U-Ashik-garib kanye ne- "demon" uMikhail Lermontov, "Bakhcharai Fountain" Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, washaqeka kakhulu.
Ekupheleni kwesikole, ngo-1942, wangena kwi-Construction Institute of the Tbilisi Institute of Railway Ofners. Kepha ngasheshe ngabona ukuthi ngikhethe umsebenzi wami. Le nsizwa yadonswa emsebenzini, yadlula emibhalweni eya eTbilisi Conservatory emnyangweni wezwi nasezikoleni zeChorographic e-Opera House. Wangena kokubili futhi wakwazi ukutadisha ezikhungweni ezimbili.
Ngo-1945, ngemuva kwempi, wasuka eTbilisi Conservatory eMoscow, waba ngumfundi kaMfundisi odumile uNina Dorlyak. Impilo yokudala yenhloko-dolobha eyethula umfana nge-cinema. UWazled yilolu hlobo lobuciko, i-parialzhanov yashiya i-conservatory yangena ku-vgik kuMqondisi. Umeluleki kaSergey waba ngumqondisi odumile nothisha u-Igor Savchenko, nangemva kokufa kokugcina - u-Alexander Dovzhenko.
Amafilimu nobuciko
Ngo-1951, uSergey uthweswe iziqu ezidutshulwe eVGIK waya eKiev, lapho ayeqale ukusebenza esitudiyo sefilimu. UDovzhenko njengoMqondisi Wosizo. Lapha wadala izithombe zokuqala ze-filtigraphy yakhe: u-moldavian inganekwane "u-Andries" (1954), idrama yezenhlalo "guy wokuqala" (1958), iMelodrama "Ukraine Rhapsody" (1961) kanye "nembali ngetshe" (1962).
Kodwa-ke, akekho noyedwa walezi osebenza njengenkosi yaneliseke ngokuphelele. Indaba, umbono wangempela nohlaka lweqiniso elidla konke akazange anikeze umqondisi ukupenda isithombe sawo sezwe. I-IDADRAMHANOV "ihlukaniswe" ngemuva kwamafilimu norerei tarkovsky.
"Manje sengikwazi ukwenza ama-movie."Ngakho-ke wababaza ngemuva kwe-premiere ka "Ivanov ebuntwaneni", eqaphela, ekugcineni, ukuthi ifilimu ingaphenduka indwangu yomculi.
Ngo-1964, umqondisi uthathe isithombe 'somthunzi wokhokho abakhohliwe' emsebenzini weMikhail Kotsjubinsky. Lesi sakhiwo sasisuselwa emlandweni we-hutsul, sigging nge-romeo kanye nobudlelwano be-juliet, kwifilimu ngu-Ivan noMarichka - abamele abasha bemindeni enobutha, othandana. I-Love Drama yenzeka ngokumelene nesendlalelo se-Motograph enemibala e-ethnographic ethrographic yabantu abaseHutsul (izakhamizi zaseKarpat).
Ukunambitheka okumangazayo kobuciko, kuphindaphindwe ngamaphupho angenamkhawulo womqondisi, okwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukudala ngaphandle kwehaba isikole sefilimu. Futhi lokhu kwamukelwa hhayi kuphela ngamakhosi e-cinema kazwelonke, abeka "amathunzi ..." emugqeni owodwa anomugqa owodwa onjalo "ngokungathi" i-cranes yesosha "uMikhail Kalatozova.
Ama-telegraphs anamagama okuvuma nokuhalalisela uWando Master Michelangelo Antonioni, Jean-Luka Hell, Federico Fellini, Akira Kurosava. Le filimu yathola imiklomelo engama-28 emazweni angama-21. Phakathi kwemiklomelo yabo emcimbini wefilimu yonke in Kiev, umklomelo waseBrithani we-Academy, i-visa emikhosini eRoma, Mar Del Plata, Thessaloniki, njll.
Impumelelo ifaka umqondisi ethempeli le-Kyiv Fresco, kepha umbono wokuqala ukwenqaba yonke imikhawulo ngohlaka ngisho nasengxoxweni yokusebenza - bekungafanele ngibe nezikhulu. Basola uParajanov esimweni sengqondo esithi "esiyimfihlakalo-" se-ART "yobuciko. Ukuqonda ukuthi e-Ukraine ngeke anikezwe umsebenzi, i-paridzhanov ishiya isithombe esingapheli namaqabunga eYerevan.
Lapha umqondisi usebenza kwifilimu ngenhliziyo ye-Armenii yase-XVIII Century Sayat-Nov. Esithombeni esifanayo ngaphambi kwamehlo esibukeli, kunezigaba ezi-3 zembongi - iminyaka yobudala, intsha nokuvuthwa. Azikho izingxoxo zamaqhawe kanye ne-monologue ecwilayo. Inani lonke lesithombe likuwohlolweni kuphela nasesimweni esibonakalayo.
Isiphetho salesi sithombe saphenduka nzima: okokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwaso kwavunywa yi-idrityvet, kepha ngemuva kokuphela kokuhlunga, lapho i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-anti-sengivele ibonakale ku Itheyiphu "yokuhlanekezela kahle kwesithombe sembongi kanye nokubonakaliswa ngokweqile kokufiphaza." Wabuyiselwa ekucongisweni, okwakungasenalo i-payzhanov. Ngenxa yalokhu, ifilimu yaya ekuqashweni kohlelo olunqunyelwe futhi ngaphansi kwegama elihlukile - "umbala webhomu". Kepha usebhekwa njengenye yamasampula akhanyayo omsebenzi we-master.
Ngemuva kwendaba esuka e- "Sayat-New", umqondisi wabuyela eKiev ngo-1969, lapho, ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokudubula, waqala ukubhala (amafilimu "David Sasunsky", "Demon", "Ikar", njll.) , kodwa ngokushesha wangena ebusweni obukhulu ngemuva kokugxekwa komphakathi kobuholi beqembu futhi wasola ukuthi acwaningwe enecala ngo-1971.
Imiphumela ayizange yehlise ijubane ukuthinta: Ngo-1972, ukuqoqwa kwemidwebo yakhe "i-Intermezzo" kwamiswa, ngonyaka kamuva, futhi ngokushesha kwaphenywa yicala. Empilweni yomqondisi kwakukhona izinsuku ezi-2, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho isimo sengqondo ngomsebenzi wakhe sibuyekeziwe, futhi ishumi lokugcina lempilo yakhe uSergei iosifovich lingasebenza ngaphandle kokubheka ukucwaninga kwakhe.
Ngo-1983, umqondisi waqala ukusebenza ethepheni "inganekwane yenqaba ye-vertarm". I-Film-Legend mayelana ne-horsepower encane, yahlungwa ngokuhlangana noDavid Abashidze, yathola ama-kinonagrad ambalwa. Kumenyezelwe ngo-1985, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwanikeza ubuhlakani bokudala inkululeko enkulu kunokuba abangane beParajanov ababevame ukuhlela umbukiso wakhe wokupenda, owawuphumelele eMoscow naseJerevan.
Ngemuva komdwebo "Arabesque ngesihloko sePirosmani", uMqondisi uthatha ifilimu "Ashik-Kerib" egameni elifanayo leLemontov. Le teyipu enikezelwe inkumbulo ka-Andrei Tarkovsky ithole umklomelo emikhosini yamafilimu e-rotteram naseStanbulian, yaboniswa emkhosini oseVenice. UMaster wavakashela amadolobha amaningi e-United States naseYurophu, wahlangana noMashiLlo Mastroanni, uYves Saint Laurent nabanye ababekhona ngesikhathi esifanele. Abaningi babo bavakashela indlu yakhe yokungenisa izihambi eTbilisi.
Ngo-1989, i-paridzhanov yaqala ukudubula ifilimu ye-autobiographical "ukuvuma izono", okungakaze kuphothulwe maqondana nomqondisi wokufa okungazelelwe.
Inkantolo kanye nesiphetho
Ngisho nakusebusheni be-payrzhanov, wenza ukusekela i-Creative Plellsizia yalandela imibono ethuthukayo. Ngo-1965 wasekela abaphikisi bamashumi ayisithupha, abangakhululwanga phesheya. Ngo-1968, waphikisana nokubalwa kwefilimu "norerei rublev", wasayina incwadi yokubhikisha engu-139 ngokumelene nezilingo zezepolitiki e-Ukraine.
Egameni, umqondisi we-opairen kudala "ku-hook" ye-KGB, kwathi ngo-1973, ngemuva kwenye inkulumo yeKramol, uParajanov wayesemiyazweni ephuthumayo, evezwa "izinhlangano zamadoda nezinsizwa." Ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, leli cala lalingafisi ngesisekelo sokulahla okungaziwa. Ngokushesha kwavela uFakazi wokuqala, asola uParajanov ngokudlwengulwa.
Umqondisi ngokwakhe akazange asomeze ubuhlakani bakhe enkantolo, kepha iqiniso lobudlova alizange liqinisekise. Ngenxa yalokho, iNkantolo yesiFunda saseKiev yagweba uSergey Josefovich iminyaka emihlanu ejele. Iminyaka yokuboshwa ejele laseRadzhanov ikhunjulwa njengovivinyo olubi lapho konke bekukhona: nokushaywa, nendlala nokuthobeka nokuzibulala.
Kulondolozwe eyodwa - ubuhlakani. Lo mculi uthole indlela yokuziveza ngisho nakulolu hlelo lwensimbi ebandayo: ama-coadzhanov masters "izinhlamvu zemali" ezivela ku-kefir caps, apendiwe, athule e-burlap, enziwe ama-collage. NgoMashi 8, umngani wakhe, umfelokazi weVladimir Mayakovsky Lile Brick, i-Iradzhanov yenze "isixha" esivela ocingweni kanye nezinsalela zamasokisi.
U-Lily Yurevna wethule umkhankaso omkhulu wokukhulula uParajanov, osebenza nabo abavela kuwo - uFellini, uRosselini, uBertolucci kanye nobuciko obudumile bezinhlamvu zezobuciko ezidumile. Kepha kwahlala kungaphendulwa.
I-Irajithanov yaphuma, ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4. Kukholakala ukuthi ukungenelela kwakhe umlobi waseFrance uLouis Aragon wasindiswa, owacela yena mathupha uLe. Mina.
Ukuphuma esiphethweni ngo-1977, uSergei iosifovich wazinza eTbilisi, eya eMoscow, Yerevan, yenqatshelwe kuye. Kepha wayesaya enhlokodolobha eya ekwakheni i-yuri lybimov "Vladimir Vysotsky" ngo-Okthoba 1981, lapho abuye khona, ngaphandle kokubamba, waveza ukugxekwa kuhulumeni.
Ibhizinisi elisha, lenziwe ngeParajanov, lasungulwa eqinisweni lokufumbathisa kumuntu osebenza emsebenzini. NgoFebhuwari 1982, uMarta waphinde wabekwa ejele laseGeorgia. Kulokhu, ukuboshwa kwabangela ukubabaza okukhulu, kwathi ngemuva komkhankaso omkhulu wokukhulula umqondisi, wadedelwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-9. Iningi lemithombo lifuna lokho ngaphambi kwe-E. A. Shevarnadeze wayala izinkondlo uBella Ahmadulin.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-parialzhanov yashada eVcika, ngo-1951, othandweni olukhulu. Umqondisi weMqondisi waba yi-Tatar Girl Nagar Rod evela eMoldova. Kepha le ndaba yaphela ngesishwathi: Izihlobo ze-NIRATION, zifunde ukuthi ushade nentando yazo, wafuna ukukhokhela ukuhlengwa. I-Irajithanov yanethemba lokuthi ubaba wakhe wayezosiza, anikeze imali. Kepha wenqaba, ngoba iNdodana ayizange iqhubeke nebhizinisi lomndeni. Ngenqabile ukuphonsa umyeni futhi ngiye ezindlini zikaYise zendlu yabazalwane basezitolo.
I-Passzhanov ethukile ngo-1955 yanquma kakhulu. Unkosikazi kaSergei Josefovich waba yindodakazi eneminyaka engu-17 kaSveromat Svetlana Shcherbatyuk. Ngo-1958, iculo lengoma lazalwa ezigabeni, kamuva langena esikhungweni sezakhiwo. Ukuze uphile "nobuhlanya onethalente," abangane abaningi babiza uParajanov, kwakunzima kakhulu. USvetlana akakwazanga nango-1961, abashadikazi abahlukanisile, kepha impilo yabo yonke yasekela ubuhlobo obuhle.
Kwakunamahemuhemu amaningi ngempilo yomuntu siqu yomqondisi we-shuffling. Futhi bonke, bazi ukuthi ungubani umliminkulu omkhulu, kungaba yiqiniso futhi ngamanga.
Ukushona
Ngo-1989, uSergey Parajanov uthole umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukusebenza eMoscow akuphumelelanga, iMetastasis ibuyile. NgoMeyi, uSergey Iosifovich waya eParis ekwelashweni, kepha kwase kudlule isikhathi.
Ushone ngosuku lokufika eJewevan - Julayi 20, 1990. Umama wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseJerevan - iKomitas Pantheon Pantheon.
Izics
- Ngo-1954 - "U-Andries"
- 1958 - "Umuntu Okokuqala"
- 1961 - "I-Ukraine Rapsephed"
- 1962 - "Imbali Etsheni"
- Ngo-1964 - "Amathunzi Okhokho Alikhohliwe"
- Ngo-1968 - "Umbala we-Grenade"
- Ngo-1984 - "Inganekwane yeNqaba YaseMelika"
- 1988 - "Ashik-Kerib"