I-Biograge
Igama lommeli seliphenduke linye kakhulu ngaphezu kwemingcele yoMbuso WaseRussia. UFyodor Plevako waduma hhayi kuphela ngobungcweti kanye nolwazi olujulile lwemithetho, kodwa futhi ne-Virtuoso enegama elithi igama, ithalente lomlomo. Abantu beza ezisekelweni enkantolo ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe njengomcimbi obukekayo, othakazelisa futhi ojabule.
"I-Metropolitan of Advocacy", "i-pushkin eqenjini", "ubuhlakani bezwi" - ngokushesha nje njengozakwabo bePurevako nabantu abavamile, okuyi-Fyodor nikolaevich evame ukuvikela mahhala. Ukwakheka kanye nengcebo yokukhuluma, ukwakhiwa okunekhono kweziphakamiso, ukwakheka kombhalo kanye nemibala enikezwe imibala emvelweni enomobala weZwi - u-Anton Chekhhov.
"I-DICKEY ikhuphukela emphefumulweni omningi, umlilo ubukeka usesweni ... Mangakhi uPewso akhuluma, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlala ulalele ngaphandle kwesithukuthezi ...", "kusho umbhali.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ummeli onekhono wazalwa entwasahlobo yango-1842 emibhalweni eseningizimu, eTroitsk, okwathi ngaleso sikhathi kwakungesifundazwe sase-Orenburg.
Mayelana nomndeni nabazali bakaDemo Wommeli Wezingogazini Abameli bayaqhubeka nokuphikisana. Uma maqondana nobaba weza edolweni elijwayelekile, embiza ngenguquko ePoland Cnublebleman esigabeni someluleki osindile, khona-ke ubuzwe bakamama futhi namuhla akaziwa namuhla. Eminye imithombo iyibiza ngokuthi iKalmachka, abanye - Kyrgyz, owesithathu - abakwaForistist Okuvamile, obebesenzeka, nokho, ngohlobo olucebile nolunhle.
Ubaba we-shimoring ecwebezelayo ecwebezelayo wabizwa ngokuthi i-vasily Plevak (kamuva ummeli owengeziwe ekufezeni ekugcineni kwencwadi ethi "O", ugcizelele kukho).
Ababelethi baphila emshadweni womphakathi, bengazange bahlukaniswe yiBandla kanye Nezimpawu Ezisemthethweni. Kuvele makhosi amane emndenini, kwasinda kuwo amadodana amabili - uFyodor noDormidont. Izingane zazingekho emthethweni, okwathi kamuva kwathinta ama-biografikhi. I-pastronynym bathola kuNkulunkulu.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1850s, umndeni wathuthela eMoscow. Abafana banikeze isikole esihle kakhulu ku-Ostozhenka, ababelungiselela abafundi babafundi emanyuvesi aseRussia naseRussia. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokutadisha, amagama abafowethu basePleumak bahlobisa ibhodi yodumo, kepha ngemuva konyaka, FODOR noDormidont, sebefundile "ngesimo sabo" esingekho emthethweni.
Isahluko somndeni sasinokuningi okufanele sikukhathaze ukuhlela izingane kwi-1st Metropolitan Gymnasium, eyayitholakala kwiPrechitertema. Abafana ekugcineni kwezivivinyo banqunywa ngokushesha ebangeni lesithathu.
Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu endaweni yokuzivocavoca, uFyodor Plevak waba umfundi wase-Moscow University ngokukhetha igunya. Idiploma ye-Graduate selivele limile igama elisha lapho ummeli aziwa khona nanamuhla.
Insika
Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu eyunivesithi, i-professional career pleumako yathuthukiswa ngokushesha. Ngo-1964, ummeli osemusha ophethe ukhetho lwediploma ilungelo lokufinyelela ku-Half unyaka eCompart yaseMetropolitan, elindele isikhala esifanele.
Lokhu kwavela entwasahlobo yango-1866. Ngalesi sikhathi, abameli be-jury bavele eRussia, kanti uFyodor Plevako waba ngomunye wabokuqala enhlokodolobha eyathatha umsizi enyameni. Kulesi sikhundla, ngokushesha wadumala, ekhuluma ngezinqubo zobugebengu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi into yokuqala ikusasa elithi "Metropolitan of Advocacy" elahlekile, futhi i-ProStum yakhe yadluliselwa eSiberia. Kepha inkulumo yesikhulumi yayingumbono onamandla kunabo abahluleli. UFyodor Perevako ukhombise ikhono lesizumbu lokusebenza ngobufakazi bofakazi.
Ekwindla kwabangu-1870s, uPurevako ubevele ummeli ejele leqembu lezokwahlulela leNkantolo Yesifunda saseMoscow. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, amakhasi egolide aqala ukuvela e-biography yommeli. Izinkulumo zokwahlulela "ubuhlakani bezwi" bahlangene ngezingcaphuno. Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, umsebenzi ogqamile wePurevako wacishe waphazamiseka: Isishoshovu samalungelo abantu sawa ngaphansi kokusolwa kwenduna ye-Gendarmerie yesiFundazwe njengelungu lezomthetho eliyimfihlo. Ubekwe icala lokuba necala ukukhuthaza imibono yezinguquko phakathi kwabafundi.
I-KoriFea of the Russian Advocacy ikwazile ukushiya ophumelele: icala lavalwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kobufakazi. Kepha uFoodor Plevako akavukanga kusukela ngaleso sikhathi futhi athutha izinqubo "zezepolitiki". Kuphela ngemuva kuka-1905 kuphela, isivumovu samalungelo abantu saqala ukuthatha izinto ngombala wezepolitiki.
Ummeli ophumelelayo wathuthukisa isimo sezezimali futhi wathenga indlu emgqeni omkhulu we-afanasyevsky. Inkazimulo yakhe yaduma eMoscow nasezweni lonke, naphakathi kwabalandeli bethalente lommeli kwakukhona zonke izimbotshana zezakhamizi: UPerevako enentshiseko elilinganayo evikela amakhasimende acebile nabampofu. Ngemali yokugcina ayizange ithathe futhi akhokhele izindleko zenkantolo.
Ebuhlotsheni bomthetho womthetho woMthetho, izinganekwane zihambe, namaqiniso athakazelisayo e-biography futhi izindawo ezijabulisa kakhulu izinkulumo ezinkulu zenkantolo zadluliselwa emlonyeni ziye emlonyeni ziye emlonyeni. Kamuva uFyodor Plevako washicilela incwadi lapho ashicilela khona imisebenzi yakhe ephezulu kakhulu ngezinqubo.
Ofakazi bokuzibonela bachaze amagama ommeli njengoba kuphefumulelwe futhi akunakuqhathaniswa nokuthuthuka. Wayevame ukubhekisa eBhayibhelini, waletha izibonelo ezivela emthethweni wamaRoma, ayemazi kahle futhi wabhala umsebenzi wezesayensi.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uFedor Plevako kwadingeka aphikise uBreashtham, owayesolwa ngokumaka nokweba imali. Ummeli wayengesabi ulaka lwabefundisi futhi asola inceku yethempeli, aveze ubuzenzisi kanye nokufumbathisa kufihlwe ngaphansi kwezindela zamatshe.
Ekupheleni kuka-1874, kwenzeke enkantolo enkulu enkantolo yenhloko-dolobha, lapho uFyodor uNikiforovich avikela khona intombazane eyayifika eMoscow yahlala ehhotela. Ebusuku, isixuku sabantu ababephuza ishwa sagqekeza kwaba ngeshwa, babalekela lapho agxumela khona efasiteleni lesitezi sesithathu. Ngenhlanhla, iklayenti le-Purevako laphulwa ngesandla kuphela, liwela eqhweni leqhwa.
Abavikeli benkampani yobugebengu baphikelela ngokungenacala kwezigceme, baphikisana nalokhu amadoda akwanele enjabulweni, futhi efasiteleni wagxumela ngokwakhe.
Ngemuva kwalokho uFedor Perevako waphendukela esifanekisweni esifundisayo, etshela isenzo esivuthayo, asindise ngokuxoshwa. Uma i-puddle engcolile yenzeka endleleni eya ensindisweni, isilwane sincamela ukufa, kepha hhayi ukubala uboya obumhlophe beqhwa.
"Futhi ngiyaqonda ukuthi kungani isisulu sangena sangena efasiteleni," kusho uPewshenyo.Amajaji ajezisa amadoda, abenze isinqumo sokumangalela.
Ngenxa ye-FODOR PLEVAKO ngaphezu kwezinqubo ezingamakhulu amabili eziwinile izinqubo, phakathi kwayo kwe-Industrialist Savva Mamontov, eyayizwa ehlobo lika-1900. Waboshelwa amabhange ezikweletu angajwayelekile, athatha imali yakhe yokwakha igatsha lesitimela. Umgwaqo bekufanele uxhumane neVologda nase-Arkhangelsk, futhi kulandelana kwakhiwa kwaqhamuka kuhulumeni waseRussia.
AmaMammoths achithe yonke imali yakhe, kepha ayenele. Ukubalwa kosizo lukahulumeni kanye nesikhonzi "sezezimali", ubuwula bebengalungi.
Ummeli wakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi i-Industrialist ayinikezela ngepeni lemali futhi ayizange ilandele izinhloso ezingehehe. Inkulumo kaPerevako enkantolo, njengoba bekulindelekile, yaba yisibonelo samakhono othwele. USavva Mamontov wakhululwa esitokisini ngqo enkantolo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngisho nasempilweni yomuntu siqu yommeli kwakukhona umkhawulo wokwahlulela ubude eminyakeni engama-20.
Ngemuva kokuqedwa komshado wokuqala ohlulekile nothisha ka-Catherine Filippova, owamnika indodana kaSergey, uFyodor Plevalo, waqala isehlukaniso nesigidi. Inkosi yelineni laseDemidov yayingafuni ukuyeka umkakhe futhi abhubhise umndeni lapho kwalethwa khona izingane zakubo ezi-5.
I-Romance ephukile eyenziwe uFedor noMaria abanendaba emihlanganweni futhi bahlala ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. Ngokushesha laba bobabili bazalwa yindodakazi kaVarvara. Umfana uvele ngemuva kwakhe - indodana USergey. Ngokomthetho, izingane zikaPurevako zazithathwa njengezingane zikaDemidov.
Inqubo yokuqedwa komshado yathatha iminyaka engama-20 yaphela ngokufa komthengisi obizwa ngokuthi yi-Dubbed. UFyodor Purevako kwadingeka ukuthi ahlele izingane zicocekile, bese zibamukela.
Bobabili uSergey waba ngummeli, njengoYise, kepha akazange akwazi ukuphinda udumo lwakhe.
Ukushona
Umsolwa wafa, ngiphile iminyaka engama-66, ngo-December 1908. Imbangela yokufa yayihlaselwa yinhliziyo.
UFedor Nikiforovich wenza indawo enkulu lapho abantu bezigaba ezahlukahlukene nokuchuma bahlanganiswa khona.
Wengcwaba ummeli odumile emathuneni, eduze kwalowo wangaphambili wesimo sowesifazane owabizwa ngegama lokuthi usizi oludabukisayo.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1920s, amathuna abhujiswa ngokuhlolisisa indawo yokudlala yezingane esizeni somngcwabo. Izidumbu zikaPherevako zithuthele eVagankovskoye, zinisela ethuneni lommeli isiphambano sokhuni. Ngo-2003 kuphela kuphela, amabutho amaRussia aseRussia aqoqa imali etsheni lethuna kanye nosizo lwasemuva ngokuvela kwa-Fyodor Plevako.
Ngo-2019, ukukhishwa kochungechunge lomlando oshekile "Abaphumelele" kumenyezelwe, lapho indima 'yokusunduza eJurisprudence "yaya eNikita Panfilov.